Existing Road Network Research Articles

Preventing urban traffic congestion using VANET technology in urban area

Urban mobility is one of the most important factors in the development of any nation and can act as a strong stimulant for economic expansion. Moreover, the rapid urban population growth in recent years has resulted in a substantial rise in the number of urban vehicles. But, the infrastructure on urban routes frequently isn’t adequate for a big number of urban vehicles. This inadequacy leads to several problems, including road insecurity, time loss and pollution. Congestion is one of the biggest issues and a significant hindrance to the road transportation system. In order to maximize the efficiency of the existing road network infrastructure, one idea is to leverage modern communication technologies to transmit traffic data, including the locations of accidents and risky road conditions. As a result, the congestion prevention system (CPS) presented in this study can assist drivers in improving their travel. CPS would be the best option for cutting down on travel time and fuel usage, avoiding traffic jams and lines, and ensuring that the current road infrastructure is used more effectively. The CPS is based on a methodology that examines accurate and valuable real-time traffic data. Experimental results for reducing urban traffic congestion have been highly encouraging according to the simulation of the system under various scenarios. We intend to include artificial intelligence in our system in future studies to improve it.

ANALYSIS OF THE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE ROAD NETWORK OF THE OPISHNIAN TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY TO THE DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES OF THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE REGION

Planning of effective waste management systems at the level of territorial communities is an important practical task that ensures the implementation of the overall regional concept of the development of the regional waste management system. This process is based, first of all, on the study of the scientific and practical foundations of forecasting trends in the development of waste management systems, and especially their logistical component, taking into account the specifics of regional factors. Thus, there is a need to conduct an analysis of the technical-logistic component of the waste management system of individual territorial communities and its development prospects as a component of the regional waste management system of the Poltava region within the framework of solving the current scientific and practical task of ensuring the effectiveness of the implementation of the regional waste management system. Methodology. When studying the structure and technological parameters of the elements of the road network included in the project routes of solid waste transportation, the methods of system and factor analysis were used. Results. It has been established that the road network of Opishnyan TРЎ is simultaneously an element of the logistics structure of the waste management system at the local and regional level and is involved in all stages of solid waste transportation during various periods of implementation of the Regional Waste Management Plan of the Poltava Region. All categories of roads are involved in the transport schemes. The roads of the fourth category and some roads of the 5th category are the most heavily loaded. Most roads of categories T, O, C are in unsatisfactory condition and need urgent repair. The capacity of the existing road network, if it is maintained in a satisfactory condition, provides the possibility of movement along the specified routes of both collection and transport garbage trucks. The maximum permissible speed of movement according to the parameter of categorization on all roads of the region corresponds to the technical parameters and design modes of movement of specialized transport. Originality. The technological possibilities, main problems and directions of improvement of the road network of Opishnyan TРЎ as a separate object of logistics planning and a structural component of the waste management system at the local and regional levels have been determined. Practical value. The technological possibilities, main problems and directions of improvement of the road network of Opishnyan TРЎ as a separate object of logistics planning and a structural component of the waste management system at the local and regional levels have been determined.

Implications of automated vehicles for physical road environment: A comprehensive review

Automated vehicles (AVs) have received intense attention in academia and industry around the world in recent years, but the imminent introduction of AVs brings new challenges and opportunities for transportation networks and built environments. It is important to understand the potential infrastructure-related requirements of AVs and their impact on road infrastructure in order to assess the readiness of the existing road network and prepare plans for future roads. This paper seeks to address what the implications of automated vehicles will likely be for the road infrastructure based on a comprehensive literature review. To investigate this issue, two broad questions were framed: What are the potential effects of AVs on physical road infrastructure; and What do AVs require from road infrastructure for safe driving. A total of thirteen key topics around infrastructure have been identified from the existing literature regarding vehicle automation that needs to be considered during either the initial phase of deployment or transition to full automation. In the light of the identified topics, the paper presents potential changes and challenges, making recommendations for future research directions to ensure a safe and efficient operation.

A modified bacterial foraging algorithm for improving road networks

One of the challenges that transportation planners face is deciding which improvements to make to existing road networks. A solution methodology for this problem must consider multiple factors, such as motorist travel behaviour and budget constraints. This is commonly represented as a bi-level optimization problem called the Discrete Network Design Problem (DNDP). In this paper, we devise and implement a Modified Bacterial Foraging Optimization (MBFO) algorithm that provides the decision maker with n-optimal solutions to the DNDP. This enables transportation planners to evaluate and compare various improvements before deciding which ones to implement. The use of a binary mapping function facilitates the implementation of Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) to solve the DNDP. The MBFO employs a modified chemotaxis step with a single mutation operation to represent the tumbling motion and a revised swimming operation to ensure a diverse search of the solution space. To rank and eliminate the solutions, a gain index that measures improvement in fitness function value is used. The MBFO is tested on the 24-node, 76-arc Sioux Falls network, and the results show that it can converge to the n-optimal solution.

The methodology of determining optimum access routes to remote areas for the purposes of crisis management

ABSTRACT The article presents a methodology to determine access routes to places with difficult access, situated outside the regular transport network. To determine the optimum route, the existing road network was used, along with terrain passability maps, as well as high-resolution digital terrain models together with the traction parameters of the vehicle to enable conducting a detailed analysis of micro-relief and excluding inaccessible areas. The research was extended to include a comprehensive analysis of terrain accessibility for areas located in the vicinity of the capital cities of three European countries on various levels of economic development: Germany, Poland, and Ukraine. The degree of development of the analysed area was determined with the use of the gross domestic product (GDP), human development index (HDI), and the road quality coefficient. The case study presented in the paper illustrates the practical application of the developed methodology that was implemented to a real crisis situation. Access routes were determined for a MAN TGM 15.290 vehicle that went to take part in emergency action in buildings situated approximately 500 m away from paved roads. The developed methodology may be widely used in crisis management, where the emergency actions often require rescue units to access remote places.

GIS Based Planning of Forest Road Alignment in Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala, India

In hilly places, constructing and building forest roads requires a variety of economic and environmental criteria. To develop a solution that minimize construction, maintenance, and adverse environmental effects, road management must take into account as many alternative alignment options as they can. The idea of this research was to plan the network of forest roads in the Periyar Tiger Reserve's mountainous region using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based on Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). These techniques were applied using the study area's slope, aspect, Elevation, NDVI, drainage and susceptibility to landslides datasets. In addition, the road network created using the GIS-MCDA approach was contrasted with the existing road networks. The key elements that affect the road network in the research area were found, and the necessary maps were produced and categorized. The maps were graded using MCDA to determine the weight of both useful aspects as the next step in determining the significance and role of the aforementioned elements in the cost of road building. Second, using the Arc GIS 10.4 weighted overlay analysis tool, a forest potential map for road building was created by overlaying the weighted maps of the influencing elements. Thirdly, the competence of a map was divided into Six categories: very high, high, moderate, low, very low and Restricted roading Suitability. Finally, using a weighted overlay method to combine the road network and road planning potential map, the existing road network was analyzed. The findings of this study indicated that the majority of existing roads were located in high and moderate road Suitability. A small percentage was located in low road Suitability, which can be taken into account for alignment. These results suggested that the design of forest road planning in hilly areas can be more precisely accomplished using the multi-criteria evaluation method. Similar method as used in this study can be applied to other forested sites.

Assessment of Road Network Connectivity in Support of New Capital Development

The shifting of the capital of Indonesia from Jakarta to East Kalimantan, or East Borneo, is underway. There are certain to be new issues that arise as a result of this migration. The state of the nation's current transportation infrastructure is one of the most prominent right now. The new capital of Indonesia, Jakarta, is situated in the midst of a jungle. For this reason, the road network should be established before, or at least concurrently with, the IKN construction. It is critical to understand the direction of future growth in the IKN region before developing a road network architecture. Potential partner locations might potentially benefit from enhanced access and connection to the existing road network in this situation as well. To ensure that the IKN is able to work properly and link additional nodes, many partner area points are being considered. A literature review, a focus group discussion, and in-depth interviews were conducted to come up with a development plan for IKN partner regions and highlight areas of special concern. It was also determined if the addition of a new node had a positive impact by utilizing a connection matrix and the accessibility index. Most linkages are found at five of the 26 nodes in the complete connectivity matrix of national highways around IKN in East Kalimantan. Node 3 and Node 7 are the most accessible and easy-to-access component nodes of the road network, compared to other nodes. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-10-011 Full Text: PDF

A Dynamic Road Network Model for Coupling Simulation of Highway Infrastructure Performance and Traffic State

The state of the road network contains both the infrastructure performance and the traffic operation state of the road network. There is a strong coupling between the decay of the infrastructure performance and the redistribution of the traffic flow on the road network. In this paper, a dynamic road network description model is proposed to apply to the couple simulation of highway network infrastructure performance and traffic state. First, a road network description model is constructed by associating the highway network topology with state attributes. The topology contains traffic information and is dynamically editable. Then, a dynamic road network model is proposed that can dynamically represent the changes in local connectivity relationships caused by traffic control, such as lane/ramp closures and turning restrictions in actual roads due to construction operations and access to the state of multi-scale spatio-temporal road networks. It overcomes the defects of the existing road network model, which is difficult to apply to the analysis of service performance and traffic state of the road network in different periods. Finally, the application of the dynamic road network model in the highway network coupled simulation system (HNCS) is completed, which provides a method for improving the efficiency and accuracy of large-scale highway network traffic simulation and highway infrastructure performance prediction.

A QGIS-Based Road Network Analysis for Sustainable Road Network Infrastructure: An Application to the Cachar District in Assam, India

Efficient transportation and road network infrastructure plays the most significant role in the development of any region. However, the effectiveness of a road network is often affected by problems like road condition, traffic congestion, road blockage, road accidents etc. Digitization of the road network and its analysis can therefore be an effective tool towards resolving these issues. The free and open-source software Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) is well suited for such an analysis. QGIS can be used for construction of suitable road network maps of certain areas which provide sufficient information for such analysis. Cachar district of Assam, particularly Silchar circle, suffers frequently from traffic problems for being a network hub for other neighbouring revenue circles and some neighbouring north-eastern states. The scientific visualization and analysis of the road network of this district using GIS tools is still not available in literature. The results of the current study and their application could help the administrators and decisionmakers to build a sustainable road network. In this paper, we make an attempt to digitize the existing road network of Cachar district for its proper analysis. We compile the major and minor road density maps for the five revenue circles of the district. We use OpenStreetMap (OSM) to access and download existing road network in the district. Further, using the shortest path tool in QGIS, we find and display the shortest route between two junction points in the road network. Finding optimal route can be of great utility during emergency medical responses or fire or flood situations. Most of the major and minor roads within Cachar district were digitized in QGIS environment to perform the road network analysis.

Impact of travel burden on overall survival in patients with lung cancer.

6522 Background: High-volume specialized centers are more efficient at managing patients with lung cancer than low-volume centers. Centralization of cancer treatment has the potential to improve patient outcomes and quality of treatment. However, the growing centralization also increases patient’s travel burden (measured as travel distance or travel time) and may negatively impact access to specialist services. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential impact of travel burden on clinical outcomes in patients with lung cancer. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a single Bulgarian center was performed. A total of 9240 lung cancer patients treated between 2005-2020 were included in the study. Travel distance between patients’ city of residence and the treating facility was calculated with an online tool to determine the shortest route for travel using the existing road network. The mean of travel time values for every workday of the week was calculated to control for daily changes in typical traffic. The probability of survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences in survival in each subgroup were evaluated with a log-rank test. Results: About one third of all included patients were living in the same city as the treating facility (n = 2746, 29.7%). The medians for travel distance and travel time were used to stratify patients into subgroups. According to travel distance the patients were grouped into three strata – same city, < 50 km and ≥ 50 km. A cut-off of 60 min was used to stratify patients into three groups by travel time – same city, < 60 min and ≥ 60 min. Overall survival in our patient population was significantly lower with increasing travel distance (p < 0.001, Mantel-Cox log rank) and travel time (p < 0.001, Mantel-Cox log rank). The 1-year OS rate according to travel distance was 27.1% in the same city group, 22.4% in < 50 km group and 20.5% in ≥ 50 km group (p < 0.001). The corresponding values for the 5-year OS rate were: 2.9%, 2.6% and 1.4% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this retrospective study we discovered significant differences in overall survival of patients with lung cancer depending on travel distance and travel time to the treating oncological facility. Despite having similar clinical and pathological characteristics (age, sex, stage at initial diagnosis, histologic subtype), the median overall survival was significantly lower in those subgroups of patients with a higher travel burden. [Table: see text]

AN OVERVIEW OF ROAD HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM FOR RIGID PAVEMENT BY TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER

Abstract. Structural health monitoring (SHM) applications for roads should be created in order to save finances, protect public safety, and provide long-lasting road infrastructure. The terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) will be employed in this project for collecting data, used for monitoring purposes. LiDAR camera mounted on moving vehicle generating 3D point cloud is used for monitoring purpose. Poorly maintained roads result in lower productivity, higher fuel consumption, increased mechanical wear, hazardous operating conditions, driver discomfort, and higher rolling resistances. Road management agencies suffer with pavement repair methods and the finances to keep the existing road networks in good working order. The goal of this research work is to create a low-cost smart road health monitoring system that uses camera-based monitoring and smart phone sensors to identify the road section for maintenance. We have discovered that using accelerometers for pothole detection is ideal for this application. The road patches or pot holes for 2 km area of the RGIPT campus using accelerometer is being done. The smart phone will upload the position and any kind of undulated road surface to the cloud when the vehicle passes over it. Use of accelerometer may detect internal damage of the pavements before it appears on the top surface of the road. When other vehicles move towards an irregular road surface, the cloud will issue an undulated road surface reminder to make sure that the vehicle may safely and smoothly drive through the area. The system is simply dependent on a single phone setting and uses raw accelerometer measurements, which can record irregular driving or quick brakes. The data in this system are collected from the mobile phone and sensor for monitoring and forecasting of road surface. So, every pavement defect has different classification and treatment approach, as well as severity levels.

Effects, Monitoring and Management of Forest Roads Using Remote Sensing and GIS in Angolan Miombo Woodlands

Angola’s forests are abundant and highly productive with enormous potential to support local needs and exportation. The forests are well distributed across the country, but the existing road network is generally poor and, in some cases, inappropriate. Based on our previous work examining deforestation patterns and the modeling of primary tree attributes of vegetation types, we proposed forest management zones (MZ) for future planning in Huambo province in Angola. Herein, that same framework is applied for the detection of the existing road network in Huambo and the proposal of alternative routes inside the MZ. We used analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and geographic information systems (GIS) to optimize connectivity among the existing forest plantations and their distance to the closest major cities within the province. We developed road suitability maps based on AHP and GIS to ensure safer driving conditions and contribute to the forest planner’s access to the current plantations. According to the suitability map created, 59.51% of the total area is suitable for road development and is counted in classes 4 and 5 in automatic classification. Parameters such as geology, slope, distance from roads to the railway, soil types, elevation, flow accumulation, and aspect were used. We provide a completed assessment of the state of existing roads and evaluate the safety of the observed road sections based on the AHP method. The calculated weights of the factors were all consistent with the model used (consistency ratio was 0.09 < 0.1). Finally, we proposed the best alternative routes to the existing cities, MZ in miombo woodlands, and forest plantations inside the province. Our findings indicated that flow accumulation, soil type, and geology were the most significant factors impacting road construction. Overall, our framework is an important starting point for further research activities towards developing a spatial decision support system (SDSS) for planning road networks in Angola.

Its Standardization for BRT

The Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is an efficient transport system for cities that need to quickly expand its network of public transport, with minimal investment compared to other systems such as the Light Train, and providing a quality service to users. The BRT uses dedicated corridors to reduce user travel time, but these runners is within the existing road network, therefore it is necessary to implement automation systems that can coordinate BRT operations with other modes transport of city. This automation system, known as ITS, has features that perform this management, how to act at the traffic lights along the corridor in order to prioritize the passage of BRT also has other features in other areas that allow proper operation to BRT. This article brings to discussion the functionality of a BRT in order to define a map of required functionality for users, operators, managers, equipment providers, application providers and other interested parties can use as a guide for the execution of its activities.

Road Network Generalization Method Constrained by Residential Areas

Residential areas and road networks have a strong geographical correlation. The development of a single geographical feature could destroy the geographical correlation. It is necessary to establish collaborative generalization models suitable for multiple features. However, existing road network generalization methods for mapping purposes do not fully consider residential areas. Compared with road networks, residential areas have a higher priority in cartographic generalization. In this regard, this study proposes a road network generalization method constrained by residential areas. First, the roads and settlements obtained from clustering residential areas were classified. Next, the importance of the settlements was evaluated and certain settlements were selected as the control features. Subsequently, a geographical network with the settlements as the nodes was built, and the traffic paths between adjacent settlements were searched. Finally, redundant paths between the settlements were simplified, and the visual continuity and topological connectivity were checked. The data of a 1:50,000 road network and residential areas were used as the experimental data. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method preserves the overall structure and relative density characteristics of the road network, as well as the geographical correlation between the road network and residential areas.

Assessment of alternative forest road routes and landslide susceptibility mapping using machine learning

Background: Forest roads are among the most basic infrastructure used for forestry activities and services. To facilitate the increased amount of biomass harvesting adequately, the existing road network may require modifications to allow forest transportation within harvesting units that are not yet accessed by the roads. The construction of a forest road can trigger landslides, so the necessary constraints should be considered when the road is being planned to preclude such problems. Landslide Susceptibility Mapping (LSM) has become an integral part of the growing process of machine learning (ML), providing a more effective platform for practitioners, planners, and decision-makers. This study aims to reveal the most suitable alternative routes for a forest road, especially in areas susceptible to landslides, and to provide an effective tool for decision-makers. Results: For this purpose, two models were developed through ML: Logistic Regression (LR) and Random Forest (RF). Elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Stream Power Index (SPI), distance from the fault, the road, and the stream, and lithology were considered as the main landslide susceptibility factors in these models. The best model was obtained by the RF approach with an Area Under ROC Curve (AUC) value of 81.9%, while the LR model was 78.2%. LSM data was used as a base, and alternative routes were obtained through CostPath analysis. Conclusion: It has been shown that the ML methods used in this study can positively contribute to decision-making by providing more effective LSM calculations in studies to determine alternative routes in a forest road network.

О методах сбора и анализа основных характеристик транспортного потока

The ever-increasing motorization leads to the need to solve problems related to the optimal movement of transport, ensuring its safety and improving the environmental situation. According to Rosstat statistics, the number of own cars in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (per 1,000 people) is increasing every year. The issues of optimal control of the movement of vehicles remain topical. Modeling of traffic flows allows you to determine the "bottlenecks" of the existing road network. In most situations, the best solution to the above problems is to improve the existing transport system. This approach is quite expensive. In this regard, studies related to the development and application of modern and promising technologies in the creation of intelligent transport systems of various levels and purposes are relevant both today and in the future. The collection and analysis of data on traffic flows allows you to verify the models, as well as make decisions about the further management of the movement of vehicles. With the development of computer technology and information technology, methods for accumulating and processing information about traffic flows have been improved. Today it becomes possible to receive, process data and make decisions in real time. This study is devoted to an overview of existing methods for monitoring and collecting characteristics about the state of traffic flows. A review of modern technologies and sensors used to collect traffic information is made. The method for collecting data on road users is described. An algorithm for classifying vehicles depending on the brand of the vehicle has been developed. The description of the vehicle tracking algorithm is given. The method for calculating the main characteristics of the traffic flow (speed, density, intensity) based on data from the video sequence is described.

QUALITY OF CAR'S MOVEMENT IN THE CITY BY CERTAIN ROUT

The movement of vehicles in modern cities has changed significantly in recent decades, which has created many new challenges.Existing urban transport networks are simply congested and unable to function effectively. This paper analyzes the movement of a motor vehicle on a definite route in Zhytomyr city according to the criteria of speed and fuel consumption. Correlation dependences for experimental data and average speed in comparison with theoretical models are determined. The issue of data variability, which characterizes the imperfection of the existing road network and its congestion, is considered separately. This leads to lower speeds, increased fuel consumption and toxic emissions, which negatively affects both the city's infrastructure and its environment. According to the proposed expressions, we can predict the most efficient modes of urban traffic. It is established that the most influential obstacle on the route is traffic intensity and congested by vehicles streets.

Potential Evaluation of Forest Road Trench Failure in a Mountainous Forest, Northern Iran

After road construction in steep and mountainous areas, there is always a risk for trench failure. Estimation of this probability before forest road design and construction is urgent. Besides, to decrease failures costs and risks, it is necessary to classify their occurrence probabilities and identify the factors affecting them. The present study compares three statistical models of logistic regression, frequency ratio, and maximum entropy. The robust one was applied to generate trench failures susceptibility map of forest roads of two watersheds in Northern Iran. Also, all failures repairing costs were estimated, and subsequently, all existing roads were surveyed in the study area, detecting 844 failures. Among the recorded failures, 591 random cases (70%) were used in modeling, and others (30%) were used as validation data. The digital layers, including failure locations, were prepared. Three failure susceptibility maps were simulated using the outputs of the mentioned methods in the GIS environment. The resulted maps combined with repair cost prices were analyzed to statistically evaluate the repair cost unit per meter of forest road and per square meter of failure. The results showed that the logistic regression model had an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 74.6% in identifying failure-sensitive areas. The probabilistic frequency ratio and Entropy models showed 68.2 and 65.5% accuracy, respectively. Based on the logistic regression model, the distance to faults and terrain slope factors had the highest effects on forest road trenches failures. According to the result, about 43.25% of the existing road network is located in »high« and »very high« risky areas. The estimated cost of regulating and profiling trenches and ditches along the existing roads was approximately 108,772 $/km.

Intelligent Planning and Research on Urban Traffic Congestion

For large and medium-sized cities, the planning and development of urban road networks may not keep pace with the growth of urban vehicles, resulting in traffic congestion on urban roads during peak hours. Take Jinan, a mid-sized city in China’s Shandong Province, for example. In view of the daily traffic jam of the city’s road traffic, through investigation and analysis, the existing problems of the road traffic are found out. Based on real-time, daily road traffic data, combined with the existing road network and the planned road network, the application of a road intelligent transportation system is proposed. Combined with the application of a road intelligent transportation system, this paper discusses the future development of urban road traffic and puts forward improvement suggestions for road traffic planning. This paper has reference value for city development, road network construction, the application of intelligent transportation systems, and road traffic planning.

Design of Urban Storm Water Drainage System using GIS and SWMM Software

The rapid growth of villages and towns affecting natural drainage channels. Inundation of low-lying areas is a common phenomenon especially during rainy seasons in many localities of Narsapur town. Narsapur is considered a census town as well as a municipality situated in Medak district, Telangana State. With the increased demand for a proper drainage system, the Municipal Authorities decided to re-design the Stormwater Drainage System starting with mapping the existing road network and drains. The Narsapur town has 15 revenue wards. Considering the Topography of the town, the entire town was divided into six zones. In this study, the Central Zone of town covering 4 Wards (13, 14, 15, and 8 Partly) is considered for investigation and design of stormwater drainage systems. The entire zone is completely urbanized, and frequent inundation is observed during moderate to heavy rainfall events due to congested and improper drainage disposal system. The study is carried out in five phases viz. Mapping of Road Network, Obtaining Elevations, Mapping Drainage Network, Computation of Peak Discharge, and Design of Stormwater Drainage System. In this study, EPA-SWMM Software is used to build a Hydraulic and Hydrologic Model to analyze the existing drainage system and re-design the stormwater drains to safely discharge flood water without causing inundation in low-lying areas. To validate the results, Manning’s Flow Equation is used to compute the flow carrying capacity of drainage channels.