Existing Recommender Systems Research Articles

Survey on Multimodal Emotion Detection

As we know, many people suffer from unhappiness in today’s world, so there is a requirement for a system that recommends music based on human emotions such as anger, sadness, happiness, etc. In this paper, we propose a system named Multimodal Emotion Detection which helps people by suggesting music and movies based on their emotions. We implemented this system using the FER-2013 dataset, which contains 35,887 images of different emotions such as sadness, happiness, and anger. We used Python’s TensorFlow framework and Haar Cascade algorithms to recommend movies and music based on human facial emotions. The main concern in existing recommendation systems is manual sorting. To avoid this, we propose this model, which automatically plays music and movies without requiring much browsing time

Enhancing E-Commerce Recommendation Systems with Multiple Item Purchase Data: A Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers-Based Approach

This study proposes how to incorporate concurrent purchase data into e-commerce recommendation systems to improve their predictive accuracy. We identified that concurrent purchases account for about 23% of total orders on Katcher’s, a Korean e-commerce platform. Despite the prevalence of concurrent purchases, existing algorithms often overlook this aspect. We introduce a novel transformer-based recommendation algorithm to process a user’s order history, including concurrent purchases. Each order is represented as a natural language sentence, capturing the order timestamp, product names and their attribute values, their corresponding categories, and whether multiple products were purchased together in a single order (i.e., a concurrent purchase). These sentences form a sequence, which serves as a training dataset for fine-tuning Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) with the Next Sentence Prediction objective. We validate our ideas by conducting experiments on Katcher’s platform, demonstrating the proposed method’s improved prediction performance compared to existing recommendation systems, with enhanced accuracy and F1 score. Notably, the normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG) showed a significant improvement with a large margin. Furthermore, we demonstrate the beneficial impact of integrating concurrent purchase information on prediction performance.

A Bayesian deep recommender system for uncertainty-aware online physician recommendation

Online physician recommender systems alleviate information overload by automatically recommending the best-fit physicians to patients. In contrast to general recommendations, physicians with greater uncertainty (i.e., greater variance in patients’ feedback) may not be preferred as this could affect patients’ treatment. However, most existing recommender systems don't consider uncertainty, reducing systems’ reliability and patients’ readiness to trust. To address this concern, this study leverages Bayesian theory and develops an uncertainty-aware online physician recommender system, including a Bayesian deep collaborative filtering (BDCF) model and a novel uncertainty-aware ranking algorithm. Experiments on real-world data demonstrate the superiority of BDCF and the ranking algorithm.

Extracting contextual insights from user reviews for recommender systems: a novel method

Extracting contextual insights from user reviews for recommender systems: a novel method

Analysis of Traditional and Agile Software Development Process for Developing Recommender Model using Machine Learning

Objective: To create an AI-powered recommendation system that is designed for IT professionals to help them choose the best software development approaches. Through the use of specified data parameters. Methods: The recommendation system will make use of machine learning algorithms and data analysis methods to examine team dynamics, project needs, and other variables. The technology will enable developers to improve the quality of products and speed up the development process by recommending suitable development methodologies. Data parameters considered for the development of the recommendation model fall into four categories: requirements, user involvement, development team, type of project, and risk associated with it. Findings: Existing recommendation systems developed by different researchers are applicable for only requirement elicitation and to recommend different phases of the development process, whereas systems that will help select development methodology are not available in the existing systems. Among the five machine learning algorithms applied in the recommender system building process, the DecisionTree Classifier and RandomForest Classifier exhibit superior performance, achieving 100% accuracy, while the Kneighbors Classifier indicates 94.74% accuracy. Novelty: This study of systems introduces a novel approach to software development methodology, a recommender system, which helps IT developers select the best appropriate development approach for the development of a software product or project based on the type of project to be built and other data parameters. Keywords: Agile, Development, Requirements, Methodology, User, Customer

Movie Recommendation System Using Optimized RNN Approach.

This paper proposes a movie recommendation system that utilizes an optimized Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) approach. The proposed system is designed to provide users with personalized movie recommendations based on their previous movie preferences and the sentiments. The system works by taking user input, analyzing their movie preferences using content-based filtering techniques, and generating a list of recommended movies. The RNN architecture used in this system is optimized using a combination of techniques such as dropout regularization, early stopping, and parameter tuning. The proposed optimization techniques aim to reduce overfitting, improve convergence speed, and increase the model's overall accuracy. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we conducted experiments on the Movie Lens dataset. The results indicate that the optimized RNN-based movie recommendation system outperforms other existing recommendation systems such as collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, and standard RNN models. Furthermore, the proposed system achieved a significant improvement in accuracy and provided highly personalized recommendations to users. Overall, the proposed movie recommendation system using optimized RNN approach is a promising solution for providing personalized movie recommendations to users. It can be implemented in various platforms such as movie streaming websites, social media, and other movie-related platforms to improve the user experience and increase engagement

FacetDRS: Multi-faceted Feature Matching for Personalized Product Recommendations in Dynamic E-Commerce

Dynamic Product Recommender systems play a crucial role in e-commerce, guiding users towards products that align with their preferences and enhancing the shopping experience. However, existing systems often struggle to capture the nuances of user preferences, particularly when dealing with multiple features via keyword queries and filters. Additionally, scalability challenges arise as the volume of products grows with features and values. In addition, the static filters of existing recommender systems limit the exploration by strictly adhering to user selections, hindering discovery of potentially better features within the preferred budget or category. This can lead to user dissatisfaction and missed opportunities to discover more desirable options. This research addresses these limitations by introducing FacetDRS, a novel dynamic product recommendation system that leverages flexible feature matching and a scalable architecture. FacetDRS empowers the recommendations with three distinct matching methods to cater to diverse preference nuances. Exact Match ensures precise adherence to user specifications, while High-Impact Partial Match prioritizes core features with flexibility in non-critical aspects. Extended Partial Match suggests relevant options beyond initial preferences, leveraging predefined thresholds. This multi-faceted approach captures the full spectrum of user desires while maintaining accuracy. To evaluate the effectiveness of FacetDRS, a rigorous experimental setup was conducted, comparing its performance across Keyword Match Score, First Selections in Top-K and Average Response Time metrics with established recommender systems such as DeepRec, APGNN, and TADCF. The results demonstrate that FacetDRS achieves superior performance than its counterparts in all comparison aspects. The system's flexible matching methods, combined with its robust architecture, offer a valuable solution for enhancing user satisfaction and driving conversions in the mobile commerce landscape.

GCN-MF: A graph convolutional network based on matrix factorization for recommendation

With the increasing development of information technology and the rise of big data, the Internet has entered the era of information overload. While users enjoy the convenience brought by big data to their daily lives, they also face more and more information filtering and selection problems. In this context, recommendation systems have emerged, and existing recommendation systems cannot effectively deal with the problem of data sparsity. Therefore, this paper proposes a graph convolutional network based on matrix factorization for recommendation. The embedding layer uses matrix factorization instead of neighborhood aggregation, and the interaction layer uses multi-layer neural networks instead of simple inner products. Finally, on the Movielens-1M, Yelp and Gowalla public data set, NDCG and Recall are better than the existing baseline model, which effectively alleviates the data sparsity problem.

DLSF: Deep learning and semantic fusion based recommendation system

An intelligent recommendation system facilitates users by recommending items based on the user’s preferences. Most of the existing recommender systems employ collaborative filtering which consider homogenous data only and does not exploit different knowledge sources. Such approaches encounter many challenges such as Cold Start problem, Sparsity, and Scalability. To overcome these setbacks, a novel deep learning & semantic fusion-based recommendation system named DLSF is proposed in this paper which collaborates multiple knowledge sources by employing three modules to generate top-N recommendations. The first module precludes sparsity by using latent representations and deep learning for understanding user-item interactions. The second module exploits semantic information provided to similar items by the users for dealing with cold start problem. And the third module works for new users and items which don’t have any prior information. A comprehensive experimental evaluation is conducted over benchmark datasets. The proposed DLSF showed on average 16.02% and 16.71% more efficient over the baselines recommendation systems taken into account in terms of MAE and RMSE respectively. DLSF has found to have significant efficiency in terms of Precision, Recall and overall accuracy.

A Comprehensive Survey on Recommender Systems Techniques and Challenges in Big Data Analytics with IOT Applications

Purpose: Purpose of this research is to carry out survey on Recommendation systems techniques in Big Data Analytics. This article presents designing of recommender systems and evaluates it with help of various performance metrics in IoT applications.
 
 Theoretical framework: With fast development and applications of Internet of Things, large amount of user data is generated and accumulated every day. Growth of media consumption in online social networks is exponential which requires an efficient and effective recommendation system to enhance excellence in experience for users. Recommender systems help users to overcome Information Overload problem by providing them relevant contents. 
 
 Method/design/approach: The main aspect of recommender system is how to take complete advantage of this ubiquitous data. Recommender system is mainly used to guess or predict users’ interests and make relevant recommendations. Collaborative filtering is the technique that uses the relationships between users and between items in order to build a prediction. Collaborative filtering algorithms are mainly categorized as model-based methods and memory-based methods. In this article, various methods to build recommender system are described. Similarly, Collaborative filtering uses Pearson cosine, cosine vector, Jaccard similarity to identify same users or items. Recommender system has various applications in domain such as healthcare, transportation, agriculture, e-media etc. 
 
 Findings: Evaluation of recommender system with help of metrics such as Precision and Recall is presented. Comparison of experimental results is presented with help of MAE and RMSE. Recommendation system helps to discover relevant insights and can be one of the vital technologies in future IoT solutions.
 
 Research, Practical & social implications: The research makes significant contribution by providing survey of existing recommender systems along with challenges faced while designing effective and accurate recommender. Various similarity measures to find similar users or items are investigated with future pointer direction. Recommender system help in decision making process.
 
 Originality/value: The results and conclusion obtained in this research are helpful in development of novel Recommender systems which definitely assist users to overcome Information Overload issue. It helps user to save network load as well.

Movie and Music Recommendation System based on Facial Expressions

Abstract: This paper depicts a novel approach of recommendation system created to extract user’s facial expressions and analyze it using Convolutional Neural Network. CNN is a type of artificial neural network which primarily is used for image recognition and processing by recognizing patterns in images. Initially, an inbuilt webcam will operate to detect user’s facial expression which reduces system’s cost compared to alternative methods. The main concern in existing recommendation systems is manual sorting, so to avoid it, this model is proposed. ‘Movie and Music Recommendation System based on Facial expressions’ provides a way to automatically play the music and movie without spending much time browsing it. The most common problem we all face is, whenever we hop onto third party movies and music platforms, we find tons of options and get stuck into the confusion of what to watch in terms of movies and spend half of our time surfing the options and then we decide to watch something specific. Computer vision is used to understand people in images and videos. This research project introduces an ingenious recommendation system that capitalizes on facial expressions in real time, customize movie and music suggestions through emotion analysis. Haar Cascade algorithm and CNN targets to detect facial feature detection. The database of movies is routed to IMDB site and songs to Spotify API. Training of dataset is done on FER 2013 sample images. It has an input layer, convolutional layer, dense layer and output layer. After the emotions are detected, mood classification is done (for song: tone, valence, timber; for movie: happy, surprise, sad, neutral, anger.) The model is displayed on a website created using Html and CSS with Flask as interface. This system yields better performance results. This recommendation system is exhibited on a website which is user friendly created with HTML and CSS with Flask.

Causal Inference in Recommender Systems: A Survey and Future Directions

Recommender systems have become crucial in information filtering nowadays. Existing recommender systems extract user preferences based on the correlation in data, such as behavioral correlation in collaborative filtering, feature-feature, or feature-behavior correlation in click-through rate prediction. However, unfortunately, the real world is driven by causality , not just correlation, and correlation does not imply causation. For instance, recommender systems might recommend a battery charger to a user after buying a phone, where the latter can serve as the cause of the former; such a causal relation cannot be reversed. Recently, to address this, researchers in recommender systems have begun utilizing causal inference to extract causality, thereby enhancing the recommender system. In this survey, we offer a comprehensive review of the literature on causal inference-based recommendation. Initially, we introduce the fundamental concepts of both recommender system and causal inference as the foundation for subsequent content. We then highlight the typical issues faced by non-causality recommender system. Following that, we thoroughly review the existing work on causal inference-based recommender systems, based on a taxonomy of three-aspect challenges that causal inference can address. Finally, we discuss the open problems in this critical research area and suggest important potential future works.

Mitigating Exposure Bias in Recommender Systems – A Comparative Analysis of Discrete Choice Models

When implicit feedback recommender systems expose users to items, they influence the users’ choices and, consequently, their own future recommendations. This effect is known as exposure bias, and it can cause undesired effects such as filter bubbles and echo chambers. Previous research has used multinomial logit models to reduce exposure bias through over-exposure on synthesized data. We hypothesized that these findings hold true for human choice data to a limited degree and that advanced discrete choice models further reduced bias. We also investigated whether the composition of choice sets can cause exposure bias. In pursuing our research questions, we collected partially biased human choices in a controlled online user study. In two experiments, we evaluated how discrete choice–based recommender systems and baselines react to over-exposure and to over- and under-competitive choice sets. Our results confirmed that leveraging choice set information mitigates exposure bias. The multinomial logit model reduced exposure bias, comparably with the other discrete choice models. Choice set competitiveness biased the models which did not consider choice alternatives. Our findings suggest that discrete choice models are highly effective at mitigating exposure bias in recommender systems and that existing recommender systems may suffer more exposure bias than previously thought.

Cross-domain Recommendation via Dual Adversarial Adaptation

Data scarcity is a perpetual challenge of recommendation systems, and researchers have proposed a variety of cross-domain recommendation methods to alleviate the problem of data scarcity in target domains. However, in many real-world cross-domain recommendation systems, the source domain and the target domain are sampled from different data distributions, which obstructs the cross-domain knowledge transfer. In this article, we propose to specifically align the data distributions between the source domain and the target domain to alleviate imbalanced sample distribution and thus challenge the data scarcity issue in the target domain. Technically, our proposed approach builds a dual adversarial adaptation (DAA) framework to adversarially train the target model together with a pre-trained source model. Two domain discriminators play the two-player minmax game with the target model and guide the target model to learn reliable domain-invariant features that can be transferred across domains. At the same time, the target model is calibrated to learn domain-specific information of the target domain. In addition, we formulate our approach as a plug-and-play module to boost existing recommendation systems. We apply the proposed method to address the issues of insufficient data and imbalanced sample distribution in real-world Click-through Rate/Conversion Rate predictions on two large-scale industrial datasets. We evaluate the proposed method in scenarios with and without overlapping users/items, and extensive experiments verify that the proposed method is able to significantly improve the prediction performance on the target domain. For instance, our method can boost PLE with a performance improvement of 15.4% in terms of Area Under Curve compared with single-domain PLE on our private game dataset. In addition, our method is able to surpass single-domain MMoE by 6.85% on the public datasets. Code: https://github.com/TL-UESTC/DAA .

INCORPORATING SUBJECTIVE FUNCTION IN A USER-BASED COLLABORATIVE FILTERING RECOMMENDER SYSTEM

The existing recommender systems faced a lot of challenges as a result of data sparsity problem, which decreases the recommendations accuracy to the target audience. Though there are numerous studies conducted to reduce the data sparsity problem. However, these studies fail to consider the subjectivity of human beings’ ratings based on lenient and stringent, which lead to unsuitable recommendations. Similarly, it is unable to compute the similarity between pair of users when the ratings among them did not overlap leading to inaccurate recommendations. This work is intended to enhance the adaptability of the system to sparse data by proposing a User Based Collaborative Filtering Recommender System incorporated with data refinement method that utilised a subjective function to identify lenient and stringent ratings in a rating matrix. The function identifies the user’s lenient and stringent ratings to take care of human subjectivity with regard to rating of the items. It also employed a subjective similarity function that used the subjective function for computing the similarity between users. The top similar neighbors obtained from the similarity computations are used to perform prediction for the target user. The experimental results show that compared with other representative systems the proposed system has better recommendations quality.

BiVAE를 활용한 MBTI 기반 OTT 서비스 개인화 추천 시스템

The OTT platform, which provides various media contents in the modern society, seeks to improve the user experience by utilizing a personalized recommendation system. However, current recommendation systems are having difficulty in making accurate recommendations because they do not fully understand user's tendencies. This study proposes the use of a personalized recommendation algorithm using BiVAE (bilateral variational autoencoder) to solve this problem, and considers group-specific applications through MBTI. BiVAE is a probabilistic generation model that compresses and generates data considering of bidirectional information flow, providing richer expression and reconstruction capabilities by encoding and decoding in both directions. As a result of applying four types of data to the model, when applying BiVAE for each group using MBTI, the accuracy of OTT genre recommendation was shown to be superior to that of other methods. In addition, when considering MBTI, a personal recommendation using BiVAE showed higher accuracy compared to the existing recommendation system. This result means that the personalized recommendation system considering the user's personal characteristics and personality is important.

A Comprehensive Survey on Recommender Systems Techniques and Challenges in Big Data Analytics with IoT Applications

Purpose: Purpose of this research is to carry out survey on Recommendation systems techniques in Big Data Analytics. This article presents designing of recommender systems and evaluates it with help of various performance metrics in IoT applications.
 
 Theoretical framework: With fast development and applications of Internet of Things, large amount of user data is generated and accumulated every day. Growth of media consumption in online social networks is exponential which requires an efficient and effective recommendation system to enhance excellence in experience for users. Recommender systems help users to overcome Information Overload problem by providing them relevant contents. 
 
 Method/design/approach: The main aspect of recommender system is how to take complete advantage of this ubiquitous data. Recommender system is mainly used to guess or predict users’ interests and make relevant recommendations. Collaborative filtering is the technique that uses the relationships between users and between items in order to build a prediction. Collaborative filtering algorithms are mainly categorized as model-based methods and memory-based methods. In this article, various methods to build recommender system are described. Similarly, Collaborative filtering uses Pearson cosine, cosine vector, Jaccard similarity to identify same users or items. Recommender system has various applications in domain such as healthcare, transportation, agriculture, e-media etc. 
 
 Findings: Evaluation of recommender system with help of metrics such as Precision and Recall is presented. Comparison of experimental results is presented with help of MAE and RMSE. Recommendation system helps to discover relevant insights and can be one of the vital technologies in future IoT solutions.
 
 Research, Practical & social implications: The research makes significant contribution by providing survey of existing recommender systems along with challenges faced while designing effective and accurate recommender. Various similarity measures to find similar users or items are investigated with future pointer direction. Recommender system help in decision making process.
 
 Originality/value: The results and conclusion obtained in this research are helpful in development of novel Recommender systems which definitely assist users to overcome Information Overload issue. It helps user to save network load as well.

User-centric recommendations on energy-efficient appliances in smart grids: A Multi-task learning approach

Deploying energy-efficient appliances is one of the most effective ways to save energy bills for residents. However, the existing recommender systems for energy-efficient appliances passively rely on energy consumption patterns without the knowledge of users’ true needs. This paper proposes a user-centric energy-efficient appliance personalized recommender system (EEA-PRS) based on information collected from load monitoring platforms and e-commerce websites. The proposed system is built in a novel multi-task learning approach to collaboratively infer user's preference on: (1) common types of appliances that appear in historical data; (2) energy-efficient models of common appliances; and (3) types of appliances that are novel to the users. The proposed system provides supervisory recommendation services with user feedback preferences on appliances as data labeling, which enables closed-loop evaluation to adhere to users’ needs and interests. Simulation studies with comparative analysis have been conducted to validate its leading recommendation performance in terms of conforming to user preferences.

A Recommendation Engine Model for Giant Social Media Platforms using a Probabilistic Approach

Existing recommender system algorithms often find it difficult to interpret and, as a result, to extract meaningful recommendations from social media. Because of this, there is a growing demand for more powerful algorithms that are able to extract information from low-dimensional spaces. One such approach would be the cutting-edge matrix factorization technique. Facebook is one of the most widely used social networking platforms. It has more than one billion monthly active users who engage with each other on the platform by sharing status updates, images, events, and other types of content. Facebook's mission includes fostering stronger connections between individuals, and to that end, the platform employs techniques from recommender systems in an effort to better comprehend the actions and patterns of its users, after which it suggests forming new connections with other users. However, relatively little study has been done in this area to investigate the low-dimensional spaces included within the black box system by employing methods such as matrix factorization. Using a probabilistic matrix factorization approach, the interactions that users have with the posts of other users, such as liking, commenting, and other similar activities, were utilized in an effort to generate a list of potential friends that the user who is the focus of this work may not yet be familiar with. The proposed model performed better in terms of suggestion accuracy in comparison to the original matrix factorization, which resulted in the creation of a recommendation list that contained more correct information.

Conceptual framework of recommendation system with hybrid method

Recommendation system relies on information of user preference and user behavior in order to recommend the useful information. The existing recommendation systems still have problems for new users and new items. This research proposes a new hybrid method to develop the conceptual framework of recommendation system that deals with new user and new movie data. The data used consists of a data from MovieLens and the internet movie database (IMDB). This work introduces a hybrid recommendation system which based on a combination of content-based filtering (CBF) and collaborative filtering (CF). Pre-filtering data is performed by finding an optimal number of clusters by calculating the total within cluster sum of square. In order to reduce the complexity of data and increase the relevance of the user-item ratings, the fuzzy c-mean (FCM) is employed. Then the similarity is calculated by using item-based method, the K-nearest neighbors and weight sum of the rating are applied. Finally, to recommend the movies, the research found that for new user data the precision is at 85% and mean absolute eror (MAE) value 2.1011. For new item data, the result of research obtains the precision at 87% and MAE value 2.0031. In conclusion, the new hybrid method developed can recommend movie efficiently.