Existing Government Regulations Research Articles

Current-Ready Indonesian Engineer in The Industry 4.0 Era

The Indonesian construction industry provides qualified regional infrastructure and human settlements. However, the disparity between the quality of infrastructure products and the competence of construction professionals to meet this, particularly in the Industry 4.0 era, still needs to be addressed. This paper reviews the existing government regulations on the construction engineer profession, who are leaders and managers to ensure the execution of construction project activities meet certain specifications, overcome all obstacles and problems from global changes and further contribute to the progress and independence of the nation. A relook at existing regulations in terms of (1) engineer professional programs, (2) engineer registration, (3) engineer institution, (4) engineer professional organization, and (5) rights and responsibility is necessary to help the construction industry in improving the roles and competitiveness of Indonesian engineers in this current 4.0 era. The outcome of this review can serve as an approach to developing a technical concept for the Indonesian engineer to take critical roles in effective quality control and management and create sustainable development in Indonesia.

Numerical Simulation of Designing a Braking System by Comparing Pressure in Minibus Type Vehicle

The braking system is crucial in maintaining the vehicle's safety to avoid fatality. However, designing a vehicle braking system can take significant time and energy. Hence, a method to design a braking system that requires less time and energy is necessary. The vehicle specifications will affect the braking design process in designing a braking system. In addition, the existing government regulations limit the braking capacity that must be achieved during the braking process. These two things become the limitations in designing an optimal braking system. The design process is carried out by determining the required pressure for the braking process and the pressure generated during the braking process. The generated pressure must exceed the required pressure for the braking system design to work appropriately. The conditions mentioned earlier can be achieved by iterating and selecting the standard component. A case study in the form of braking system design has been carried out where the braking system can generate a pressure of 4.14 MPa and requires a pressure of 3.13 MPa and 2.34 MPa at the front and rear caliper on a vehicle weighing 78.48 kN to decelerate 5 ms-2 as required in Indonesia government regulation. A comparison is made with other methods proposed by other researchers to ensure the proposed method can be applied to various conditions. The comparison results show that the proposed method can be applied to various conditions. Moreover, the proposed method can minimize the difference in pressure between the generated and the required pressure to avoid overdesign.

Influences on Stakeholder Attitudes towards Government’s Great Barrier Reef Regulations

The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) off Australia’s east coast is a globally significant marine environment under threat from polluted runoff resulting from adjacent sugarcane farming (Waterhouse et al., 2017). Sustained efforts and investment by all levels of Government over 20 years have challenged the Queensland Sugar Industry to transition towards more sustainable farming practices and reduce non-point source (NPS) pollutant levels from reaching the GBR. In light of the issues outlined by UNESCO concerning the protection of the GBR in its 2011 and 2012 reports (UNESCO, 2011, 2012) and existing government regulations, a scoping review was undertaken to identify the conceptualisation of farmer attitudes to environmental protection, specifically the attitudes to protecting the GBR. It revealed that predominant policy mechanisms across countries are focused on voluntary adoption instruments to mitigate NPS pollution. The review showed that no policy or policy combinations are universally effective in reducing NPS pollution across farmer populations within given geographical locations. It identified behavioural theories that underpin factors influencing the adoption of pro-environmental practices. Additionally, it was found that farmers are heterogeneous in beliefs and attitudes, responding differently to different incentive options and challenging policy framing. Reviewing existing factors surrounding best management practice (BMP) adoption mechanisms exposes additional behavioural concepts, which could lead to improved approaches. Therefore, it is argued for the importance of conducting further research that will advance innovative strategies for achieving balances between the actions of farmers and the sustainability of the environment.

Seroconversion following first and second dose of COVID-19 vaccination among cancer patients: A prospective longitudinal observational study from India on the effectiveness of COVID vaccines.

e13629 Background: Cancer patients are at high risk of infections and vaccination against SARS CoV-2 virus is essential to reduce the risk of COVID-19 and its complications. Different types of vaccines against SARS CoV-2 have been developed at record speed, followed by emerging efficacy studies of these vaccines. Our aim is to assess the efficacy of these vaccines in Indian cancer patients, along with factors such as intervals between doses impacting a robust immune response. Methods: A longitudinal observational study was done to evaluate the seroconversion post one and/or two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield) and BBV152 (Covaxin) vaccine in adult cancer patients. Patients received 0.5 ml of vaccine 4 – 12 weeks apart based on existing Government regulations. A minimum gap of four weeks post vaccination for sample collection was followed. Samples were collected during patient follow up or treatment schedules. The control group comprised of healthy volunteers. Our primary endpoint was to assess seroconversion rates to SARS COV-2 spike protein after first and/or second dose. Our secondary endpoint was to explore the factors influencing seroconversion and to compare the two available vaccines in India, Covishield and Covaxin. Results: Between May 1, 2021 and January 16, 2022, antibody levels were measured in 219 patients after second dose and 56 patients after each dose. The mean age was 57.6+12.2 years (24-85 years) with 52% above 60 years age, and 68% being women. Most common cancer was breast (39.3%) followed by GIT (17.4%), while 44% had metastatic disease. Overall, 54.3% had not received any systemic therapy in the past 6 months, while 22.4% had received chemotherapy and 14.2% had received biologics. Three fourth of the patients had received Covishield and the rest Covaxin. Amongst the 56 patients who had antibody testing after both doses, seroconversion after first and second dose were 85.7% and 96.4% respectively. Higher seroconversion was seen in younger age group, treated with biologics without chemotherapy. In 219 patients, post second dose, seroconversion was marginally higher in women compared to men (96.6% vs 91.4%), on biologics (96.8%) when compared to patients taking chemotherapy (89.8 %), although not statistically significant. Overall patients on Covishield vaccine showed higher seroconversion, compared to Covaxin (P = 0.002) (OR- 5.9). Timing of antibody sample had no effect on seroconversion. Conclusions: Both Covishield and Covaxin are immunogenic in cancer patients. Seroconverison after first and second doses were 85.7% and 96.4%with higher rates amongst patients on biologics compared to chemotherapy. We are hoping to continue our study longitudinally to further explore factors impacting efficacy amongst these two vaccines.

Pesticide usage practices as sources of occupational exposure and health impacts on horticultural farmers in Meru County, Kenya

This study assessed pesticide usage practices, knowledge and health effects of pesticides through occupational exposure in randomly selected horticultural farmers in Imenti North, Imenti South and Buuri Sub-counties in Meru, Kenya, where horticultural crops are grown intensively for export and local consumption. The study was done through use of questionnaire distributed to farmers' households, agricultural extension workers and health care workers. The survey established that various classes of pesticides were used in horticultural crop farming and animal production in all the three sub-counties, with the most frequently used (>60 respondents out of 173) being parathion, diazinon, dimethoate, permethrin, pirimiphos methyl, endrin, deltamethrin, dieldrin, propoxur and endosulfan. It was found that there is a gap between the existing government regulations on pesticide use and safe handling and the implementation of these regulations by dealers, farmers and farm workers in the three sub-counties as some of the pesticides that were being used such as parathion, endrin, dieldrin and carbofuran had been banned by the government. Although most farmers had general information on pesticide usage through various social groups and contact with agricultural extension workers, only 32–43 % of the farmers had received training on pesticide handling and use. Most farmers (65%) had knowledge of safe pesticide handling procedures including reading labels on packages and wearing protective clothing; but many farmers (44% in Buuri, 57% in Imenti South and 60% in Imenti North) did not wear the requisite protective clothing when applying pesticides. The agricultural extension workers (52%) and health care workers (59%) were trained in their work and had at least a certificate level qualification from a tertiary institution. Most agricultural extension workers (95%) and health care workers (71%) had experience of dealing with pesticides and knew how to administer 1st AID against pesticide poisoning, respectively. Farmers (26%) reported experiencing health effects after using pesticides, with most effects being felt after using dimethoate, malathion, carbofuran, carbaryl and heptachlor. There was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) association between various factors (availability of protective clothing, hiring of labourers, farm land size, expenditure on pesticides and expenditure on treatment, respectively) on intoxication from pesticide exposure.

Evaluate of Lindi Processing Technology in TPA Pojok Kota Kediri

One of the problems in the final processing site (TPA) is the presence of leachate. Leachate often collects at the midpoint of the landfill. Leachate contains various chemical derivatives from the dissolving of waste in the landfill and the results of chemical and biochemical reactions that occur in the landfill. The purpose of this study was to determine the technology used in the TPA Pojok Kota Kediri in processing existing leachate.&#x0D; This type of research is qualitative research. This study uses a qualitative approach because the researcher wants to explore, review, and describe a technology directly. In this study, the researchers wanted to explore directly and review how the existing technology in the Pojok TPA in processing the existing leachate. There are seven informants in this study consisting of six special workers who handle leachate and triangulation. Other tools used are friends, cellphones, then documented in the form of a transcript. Data processing was carried out by means of content descriptive. Subsequently reported and presented in a descriptive description.&#x0D; The results of the study indicate that the technology used by the TPA Pojok Kota Kediri in processing its leachate is the Wetland method. To determine the level of success of this technology is to use aquatic plants such as water spinach and water hyacinth which have been proven to survive so far.&#x0D; The technology used by TPA Pojok Kota Kediri is in accordance with existing government regulations, but it must continue to make improvements to the wetland pond which is still not maximally used.

REVIEWING GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES ON IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION

Sectoral development activities, lack of standards on eco-systematic approach, prioritizing short-term outcomes, and ignoring the holistic and comprehensive prospects of sustainability have led to environmental degradation. Therefore, the Indonesian government has realized the importance of implementing sustainable development concepts in every phase of infrastructure project life-cycle. This paper reviews the existing government regulations on sustainable construction implementation guidelines, which underlie the execution of infrastructure project throughout five phases of project life-cycle, namely (1) programming, (2) technical planning, (3) construction execution, (4) utilization, and (5) demolition. A relook at existing regulation in term of providing more technical concepts on implementing the sustainable principles throughout the infrastructure project life-cycle is necessary to help both the construction services users and providers in implementing sustainable construction principles in Indonesia. The outcome of this review can serve as a guide to develop a technical concept for the implementation of the sustainable construction in infrastructure projects in order to create sustainable development in Indonesia.

PARADIGMA HAK KEBENDAAN KEPEMILIKAN SARUSUN YANG DIBANGUN PADA LAHAN HAK GUNA BANGUNAN

Of the title "The Legal Paradigm of the properties on the strata title ownership built above the land with the Right to Cultivate Ownership" research objectives to be at said is knowing why the legal construction of the right material from the strata title built on land rights, attached to the Rights of material the building as common property rights and know how reconstruction material rights on the Strata titles built on building rights or rights of use that reflects justice and legal certainty. With the concept of methodologies theories and research approaches, as well as of the problems of this study concludes that there are a couple of things. First by sticking the land rights of the unit, then Strata titles have a dependency on the bottom right HGB as with all buildings owned and also can weaken the property rights of apartment units as the strongest and most, but became assessors of HGB. This situation raises a negative implication in the community and has created legal uncertainty and considered unfair, weakening the material rights of Strata titles caused dualism applicable law, the law of the land, building law and the law of objects. It affects the mutual intervention and debilitates the material rights as stipulated in the rules of the law of things, namely; droit de suite, droit de preverent, and droit de levering. In construction law, state that debilitates the legal certainty and justice, it can be reconstructed from the perspective of the development of the legal system of the building against the law of the land, or to the development of HGB as of right down with some simulations and restoration of existing government regulations, or reconstruct the principal laws agrarian related lease rights, land rights, and the rights of use by developing existing government regulations become law, so the law on the new ground by adding the rights of others. In a reconstruction of the law of the land, which is more competitive and create legal certainty and fairness.

Physics teachers: a holistic plan for professional education during both the pedagogical stage and the probation year

Despite the Bologna agreement implementation in 2008, teachers' education in Portugal has not changed significantly from earlier practice. The major modification in the requirements of master’s level teacher education programmes was the introduction of a strong component of educational research in a master’s degree; this is designed to replace an educational monograph in the typical 5-year ‘Licenciatura’. Both a professional one-year in-school pedagogical stage and a fifth year as a university student continue to be mandatory, as well as the stage co-supervision of the university and the school. However, existing government regulations imply that in the very near future the full professional education of teachers will have to be complemented with an in-service probation year conducted under the supervision of a school mentor. The current study has been designed to try to determine: (a) how the activities of the probation year should be organised in order to improve this stage of professional education; and (b) how probation years could be used to promote school–university partnerships that could provide for more effective in-service teacher education and/or possible shared educational action research. Drawing on the survey data from pre-service students from four different universities, novice teachers, stage supervisors and school principals, information was collected on the perceptions of the quality and scope of the professional education of future teachers from the beginning of their programmes through their pedagogical stage. A high degree of agreement among all the respondents enables us to point towards the perceived high quality of several components of the teacher education programmes, e.g, teachers’ ability to plan a lesson using different teaching strategies and the high value-accorded school–university collaborations. The results also show the weaknesses of other components, e.g, teachers’ skill with controlling badly behaved students and their ability to capture students’ attention and motivation. Based on these results and on our knowledge about the type of professional support needed to promote teaching practice, we conclude with a holistic plan designed for teachers’ professional education during the pre-service pedagogical stage and the in-service probation year.

Managing Quantity, Quality, and Timing in Indian Cane Sugar Production: Ex Post Marketing Permits or Ex Ante Production Contracts?

Private sugar processors in Andhra Pradesh, India use an unusual form of vertical coordination. They issue 'permits' to selected cane growers a few weeks before harvest. These permits specify the amount of cane to be delivered during a narrow time period. This article investigates why processors create uncertainty among farmers using ex post permits instead of ex ante production contracts. The theoretical model predicts that ex post permits are more profitable than ex ante contracts or the spot market under existing government regulations in the sugar sector, which include a binding price floor for cane and the designation of a reserve area for each processor wherein it has a legal monopsony for cane. The use of ex post permits creates competition among farmers to increase cane quality, which increases processor profits and farmer costs. Empirical analysis supports the hypothesis that farmers operating in private factory areas have higher unit production costs than do their counterparts who patronize cooperatives.

Asian investment at artisanal and small-scale mines in rural Cameroon

A new model of small-scale mineral exploitation is being driven by Asian investors in East Cameroon and may be representative of trends elsewhere in Africa. The mines employ nationals of Asian countries and create small Asian communities in remote areas. There is evidence of widespread failure to comply with national mining regulations and few benefits are flowing either to the national government or to local communities. If existing government regulations were enforced, this form of mining could improve livelihoods and living conditions in remote areas. Without good governance it risks facilitating enclaves of uncontrolled resource exploitation.

Drones in the National Airspace

Some visionaries believe in a robotic future where drone aircraft will home-deliver your take-out Burrito. Unfortunately, the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 does not provide a durable framework for us to welcome the arrival of the drones. This review contrasts elements of the Act in context with the historical development of aviation law. The author advocates a framework that enables robotic aircraft to enter the national airspace through modification of existing government regulations, specifically repudiating the idea that drones represent a new paradigm that can only flourish in the absence of regulation. Government should continue to employ a system founded on proven engineering standards, empowered by long standing Statutes, to carefully scrutinize the inherent engineering of drone aircraft prior to issuing an “airworthiness certificate.” These inspections exist first and foremost to protect our citizens from aerially inflicted harm to their person or property. To that end, government should continue to certify all “airmen” involved in the operation of flying machines. In order to facilitate public acceptance of drones, these aircraft must safely and reliably operate in in accordance with law.

TU‐C‐301‐02: Going Paperless in a Radiation Oncology Clinic

Utilization of paperless recordkeeping process is becoming mandatory under new and existing government regulations. While it is possible to implement the transition from paper and film based recordkeeping to paperless and filmless using a “head on” approach, it may be proven costly and inefficient. It is very beneficial to approach this transition in a systematic and thoughtful way to assure that the quality and accessibility of patient information is not compromised, but improved during such transition.Clinical flow in a typical department of Radiation Oncology includes processing and storing multitude of data related to patient health, treatment plan parameters, diagnostic and planning images, treatment records, including localization imaging. In addition to that extensive follow‐up data is stored. All this data has to be stored indefinitely, yet be readily available for access. A complete record should also include and patient‐specific QA tests.This lecture will provide a general overview of a typical data flow in a department of radiation oncology, and application of paperless tools available in Aria (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA).Learning Objectives:1. Understand the documentation requirements for the clinical flow in a Radiation Oncology Department2. Understand the tools available within the vendor provided electronic patient record keeping system3. Understand the need to modify and adjust the paper‐based clinical flow when switching to paperless, to increase efficiency and convenience of accessing evidence data.

Improving access to and understanding of regulations through taxonomies

Abstract Industrial taxonomies have the potential to automate information retrieval, facilitate interoperability and, most importantly, improve decision making — decisions that must comply with existing government regulations and codes of practice. However, it is difficult to find those regulations and codes most relevant to a particular decision, even though they are now in digital form, and often available online. The focus of this work is to map regulations and codes to existing industry-specific taxonomies that would improve their access and retrieval and facilitate their integration with application programs. Keyword matching is a commonly used technique for mapping from a single taxonomy to a single regulation. In this paper, we examine techniques to address two other mapping problems: from a single taxonomy to multiple regulations and from multiple taxonomies to a single regulation. Those techniques – Cosine similarity, Jaccard coefficient, and market basket analysis – provide metrics for measuring the similarity between concepts from different taxonomies. We discuss these metrics and provide evaluations using examples from the building industry. These examples illustrate the potential regulatory benefits from the mapping between various taxonomies and regulations.

Regulatory And Policy Barriers To Effective Clinical Data Exchange: Lessons Learned From MedsInfo-ED

MedsInfo-ED is a proof-of-concept clinical data exchange project that uses prescription claims data to deliver patient medication history to emergency department clinicians at the point of care. This patient safety initiative, while limited in scope and scale, has been crucial in identifying numerous policy and regulatory barriers to successful clinical data exchange. The lessons learned and strategies to overcome the barriers are the focus of this paper. Through commitment and effective collaboration, MA-SHARE was able to address some of these barriers that are embedded in existing government regulations and corporate business practice.

The Impact of Government Regulations on Early Childhood Services: Perceptions of Early Childhood Professionals in the South West of England

This study investigated the impact of government regulations pertaining to the operation of a range of early childhood services on day to day practice within such services. A non random sample of twenty four early childhood service managers in the south west of England participated in structured interviews in order to assess their awareness of existing government regulations and to what extent existing regulations were used to guide day to day practice. Qualitative content analyses of the interview data revealed that the majority of managers were aware of a range of documents pertaining to regulations but considerable confusion existed about which regulations were considered to be imperative. The majority of respondents considered government regulations to be related more to meeting minimum standards rather than to quality assurance. Quality was perceived to be related to the commitment to good practice. The data indicate that government regulations have a minimal impact upon the day to day practice of early childhood professionals, pointing to the need for in‐service opportunities to assist early childhood professionals to make greater connections between regulations, practice and quality.

Blind man's bluff: The ethics of quantity surcharges

Empirical evidence, including a recent field study in Northwest Indiana, indicates that supermarkets and other retail merchants frequently incorporate quantity surcharges in their product pricing strategy. Retailers impose surcharges by charging higher unit prices for products packaged in a larger quantity than smaller quantity of the same goods and brand. The purpose of this article is to examine the business ethics of such pricing strategy in light of empirical findings, existing government regulations, factors that motivate quantity surcharges and prevailing consumer perceptions.

Polymer Waste Management–Biodegradation, Incineration, and Recycling

Abstract Increasing volumes of synthetic polymers are manufactured for various applications. The disposal of the used materials is becoming a serious problem. Unlike natural polymers, most synthetic macromolecules cannot be assimilated by microorganisms. Although polymers represent slightly over 10% of total municipal waste, the problem of nonbiodegradability is highlighted by overflowing landfills, polluted marine waters, and unsightly litter. Existing government regulations in Europe and anticipated regulations in the United States will greatly limit the use of polymers in large volume applications (packaging, water treatment, paper and textile sizing, etc.) unless acceptable means of waste management are available. Total management of polymer wastes requires complementary combinations of biodegradation, incineration, and recycling. Biodegradation is the most desirable long-term future solution and requires intensive research and development before it becomes practical. On the other hand, incineration and recycling can become operational in a relatively short time for the improvement of the situation at present and in the near future.

Government should strengthen regulation in the weight loss industry

Rationales for government regulation in the weight loss industry are developed on the basis of the concepts of market failure and potential harm to consumers. Evidence shows that consumers face problems in judging the quality of the industry's products and services, and they lack adequate protection against possible harm. The pros and cons of a variety of public and private strategies are examined for correcting these deficiencies. Recommendations are suggested for strengthening existing government regulations and expanding research.

New Directions in Environmental Protection in Oil and Gas Operations

Summary Since the passage of the Natl. Environmental Protection Act in 1970, the oil and gas industry has made tremendous progress in developing techniques, procedures, and less toxic materials for the protection of human health and the environment. The toxicity of drilling fluids and their disposal are tightly controlled to minimize the effect on the environment. Waste management programs are becoming more common to reduce the generation of waste and to recycle waste products. Numerical models are available to simulate discharge dispersion in marine environments. Toxicologists have produced a large data base on the effect of toxicants in the environment, and more information is being developed on their effect on native aquatic species and on the complete food chain. Cooperative agreements between industry, government agencies, environmental groups, and others to develop acceptable mitigation procedures are becoming more popular. Introduction The enactment of the Natl. Environmental Protection Act of 1970 was the beginning of an explosion of environmental regulations in the U.S. The 14 major federal statutes passed between 1970 and 1980 (e.g., the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act) were designed to protect the health and safety of people and to protect the environment. These major statutes have, in turn, generated thousands of pages of regulations, at both federal and state levels. Many of these statutes affect oil and gas E and P operations; particular concerns are emissions to the air, discharge of drilling fluid and produced water to land or water, disposal of various solid and liquid wastes, and protection of flora and fauna. In 1985. onshore oil and gas operations in the U.S. produced about 21 billion bbl [3.34 × 10 to the 9th m3] of produced water, 360 million bbl [57.24 × 10 to the 6th m3 ] of drilling fluid, and 12 million bbl [1.91 X 10 to the 6th m3] of associated wastes (e.g., oily wastes, emulsions, and workover fluids). Millions of barrels of crude oil are transported by tanker around the world's oceans or by pipelines over land and under the sea, posing a potential threat to the environment in the event of a spill. Many of our operations occur in remote areas where protecting wildlife, particularly endangered species, and minimizing damage to the environment are very important. This paper describes the current activities and new directions in disposal of drilling fluids, produced water, and other oilfield wastes to protect human health and the environment. Special attention is paid to the protection of wildlife and fishery resources and progress in cooperative agreements between the oil and gas industry, the fishing industry, native groups, government agencies, and environmental groups. Offshore Disposal of Drilling Fluids Generic Mud Concept. Offshore operations in the U.S. have two alternatives for the disposal of drilling fluids and cuttings:discharge from the drilling vessel or platform under existing government regulations orthe collection and transport of the materials to the shore. Most operators prefer the first choice because it is less expensive and will adequately protect the environment. Permits initially were issued under the Natl. Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) on a well-by-well basis, but since the early 1980's, general permits using a generic mud concept have been issued for most Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) regions. JPT P. 336^