Existing Diesel Engine Research Articles

독립형 하이브리드발전시스템 최적설계에 관한 연구

The majority of electric power in the domestic manned islands with off-grid power system is supplied by the diesel generators. However, in the case of off-grid islands the fuel cost is more expensive to inland areas and difficult to transport them to islands. So the development of renewable energy system using natural resource have been recently introduced. But renewable energy that depend on the natural environment, it is necessary to organized the hybrid system with existing diesel engine because the energy is difficult to maintain stable electric power. This paper presents the results of a feasibility study of hybrid system with energy storage system such as wind, solar, battery and diesel engine. The study included off-grid island as the Seogeochado islands located in Jeolanamdo Province. And, the paper proposed a optimal capacity of hybrid system configuration to maintain carbon free with minimum investment cost. the analysis of economic adaptability performed by HOMER program.

A Performance Review of Ethanol-Diesel Blended Fuel Samples in Compression-Ignition Engine

The use of ethanol blended with diesel is receiving more attention by many researchers in recent times. It was shown that ethanol-diesel blends were technically acceptable for existing diesel engines. Ethanol as an attractive alternative fuel is a renewable bio-based resource and it is oxygenated, thereby providing the potential to reduce particulate emissions in compression-ignition engines. In this review the properties and specifications of ethanol blended with diesel fuel are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the factors critical to the potential commercial use of these blends. These factors include blend properties such as stability, viscosity and lubricity, safety and materials compatibility. The effect of the fuel on engine performance, durability and emissions is also considered. The formulation of additives to correct certain key properties and maintain blend stability is suggested as a critical factor in ensuring fuel compatibility with engines. However, maintaining vehicle safety with these blends may require special materials and modification of the fuel tank design. Further work is required in specifying acceptable fuel characteristics, confirming the long-term effects on engine durability, and ensuring safety in handling and storing ethanol-diesel blends

Effect of Combustion Chamber Shapes on the Performance of Mahua and Neem Biodiesel Operated Diesel Engines

Shape of combustion chamber plays a major role in controlling combustion process and emission characteristics occurring inside internal combustion engines in general and diesel engines in particular. To optimize a combustion chamber for diesel engine applications, suitable design modifications are required that meet both emission norms as well as acceptable engine performance. In this context, experimental investigations were carried out on a single cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel engine operated in single fuel mode using Mahua oil methyl ester (MhOME) and neem oil methyl ester (NOME). Different combustion chamber shapes were designed and fabricated keeping the compression ratio same for the existing diesel engine. The existing engine was provided with hemispherical combustion chamber (HCC) shape. In order to study the effect of other combustion chamber shapes on the performance of diesel engine, cylindrical (CCC), trapezoidal (TrCC), and toroidal combustion chamber (TCC) shapes were designed and developed. Various engine parameters such as power, torque, fuel consumption, and exhaust temperature, combustion parameters such as heat release rate, ignition delay, combustion duration, and exhaust emissions such as smoke opacity, hydrocarbon, CO, and NOx, were measured. Results revealed that the TCC shape resulted in overall improved performance with reduced emission levels compared to other shapes tested. Total hydrocarbon emission (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) were also decreased significantly compared to other combustion chambers.

Effect of Combustion Chamber Shapes on the Performance of Duel Fuel Engine Operated on Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester and Producer Gas

Shape of combustion chamber plays a major role in controlling of combustion process and emission mechanisms occurring inside the combustion chamber. To implement ideal combustion chamber facilitates are essential to meet emission norms. In this context, an experimental investigation were carried out on a single cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel engine operated in dual fuel mode using Rice bran oil methyl ester (ROME) and Coconut shell wood derived producer gas. ROME is used as a pilot injected fuel which ignites the producer gas and air mixture when subjected to higher compression ratio. In the present work, different combustion chamber shapes were designed and developed by keeping the same compression ratio of existing diesel engine. The engine makes use of the hemispherical combustion chamber (HCC) shape. In order to study the effect of other combustion chamber shapes on the performance of dual fuel engine, Cylindrical (CCC), Trapezoidal (TrCC), and Toroidal combustion chamber (TCC) shapes were used. Various engine parameters such as power, torque, fuel consumption, and exhaust temperature, combustion parameters such as heat release rate, ignition delay, combustion duration, and exhaust emissions such as smoke opacity, hydrocarbon, CO, and NOx, were measured. Results revealed that the TCC shape resulted in overall improved performance with reduced emission levels compared to other shapes tested. Total hydrocarbon emission (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) were also decreased significantly compared to other combustion chambers tested. Results reveal that more information may be positive in terms of improvement in exhaust emissions. Nevertheless, some positive conclusions have been reached for TCC as a result of this work.

Design Research of Intake Compensation Device for Improving the Dynamic Performance of Diesel Engine in Plateau Environment

The impact of plateau environment on working performance of diesel engine is greater, it is important to explore the research of power restoration of diesel engine in plateau environment. In this paper, the numerical simulation model of a whole diesel engine with high-power is established based on the GT-POWER software, and the accuracy of the model is verified by the bench test. Based on this, the best intake air amount of compensation of the engine are calculated with different conditions in plateau environment, the compensation intake device with the idea which the high-pressure air of the vehicle storage is introduced into the engine to restore the power is proposed, and the relevant hardware and software are designed. Through real vehicle tests show that the compensation intake device can improve the dynamic performance of diesel engine effectively, which provide a basis for diesel engine design and improving the applicability of the existing diesel engine of vehicles in plateau environment.

Experimental study of the effects of natural gas injection timing on the combustion performance and emissions of a turbocharged common rail dual-fuel engine

Natural gas combustion with pilot ignition has been considered to be one of the most promising ways to utilize natural gas in existing diesel engine without serious engine modification and it has been widely researched all over the world. In this study, three experiments of different loads (BMEP 0.240MPa, 0.480MPa and 0.767MPa) were performed on a 2.8L four-cylinder, natural gas manifold injection dual-fuel engine to investigate the effects of natural gas injection timing on engine combustion performance and emissions. The pilot injection parameters (pilot injection timing and pressure) and natural gas injection pressure remain constant at a speed of 1600rpm in the experiment. The cylinder pressure, HRR, CoVimep, flame development duration, CA50 and brake thermal efficiency were analyzed. The results indicated that under low and part engine loads, the flame development duration and CA50 can be reduced by properly retarding natural gas injection timing, while the CoVimep increased with retarded natural gas injection timing. As a result, the brake thermal efficiency is increased and the combustion stability slightly deteriorates. Meanwhile, under low and part engine loads, PM emissions in the dual-fuel engine is much lower than that in conventional diesel engines, furthermore, at high load, the PM emissions are near zero. CO and HC emissions are reduced with retarded natural gas injection timing under low and part loads, however, NOx emissions are slightly increased. Under high load, the flame development duration and CA50 are obviously prolonged with retarded natural gas injection timing companied with a deterioration of brake thermal efficiency. CO and HC emissions are not significantly varied with retarded natural gas injection timing under high load, except that NOx emissions decreased slightly.

Influence of Injection Pressure on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Nerium Methyl Ester Operated DI Diesel Engine

Nerium methyl ester, an esterified biofuel, has an excellent cetane number and a reasonable calorific value. It closely resembles the behaviour of diesel. However, being a fuel of different origin, the standard design limits of a diesel engine is not suitable for Nerium methyl ester (NME). Therefore, in this work, a set of design and operational parameters are studied to find out the optimum performance of Nerium methyl ester run diesel engine. This work targets at finding the effects of the engine design parameter viz. fuel injection pressure (IP) on the performance with regard to specific fuel consumption (SFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTHE) and emissions of CO, CO2, HC, NOx with N20 as fuel. Comparison of performance and emission was done for different values of injection pressure to find best possible condition for operating engine with NME. For small sized direct injection constant speed engines used for agricultural applications, the optimum injection pressure was found as 240bar.Methyl esters from Nerium, with properties close to diesel; show better performance and emission characteristics. Hence Nerium (N20) blend can be used in existing diesel engines without compromising the engine performance. Diesel (25%) thus saved will greatly help the interests of railways in meeting the demand for fuel,as diesel trains are operated at maximum load condition.

Performance, combustion and emission tests of a metro-bus running on biodiesel-ULSD blended (B20) fuel

A diesel engine driven metro bus was tested in a chassis dynamometer with 20% biodiesel mixed with 80% ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD), termed B20, to find out its performance, combustion characteristics and emissions. In this study, B20 was chosen instead of 100% biodiesel (B100) due to the fact that, with lower calorific value of B100, the engine could potentially lose power and torque which would make the bus unsuitable to climb hills with full load during peak hours. The performance of the bus such as torque and power with B20 were found to be very similar to ULSD. Therefore, there was no drivability issue with B20. The combustion characteristics of B20 and ULSD were also found to be very similar with B20 having 4.8° more combustion duration than ULSD due to low volatility and presence of heavier molecules in biodiesel. In terms of emissions, CO and HC were reduced but NOX was increased by an average of 4.4% mainly due to inherent presence of oxygen in biodiesel. It was also found that with B20 the emission of PM10 particulates were 19% and 47% lower at lower and higher speeds, respectively. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that B20 is a suitable choice of alternative renewable fuel for existing diesel engine that needs little or no modifications to improve the sustainability of fuel and reduce environmental emissions.

Production characterization and efficiency of biodiesel: a review

Vegetable oil is one of the main first generation liquid biofuels. The fuel characteristics of vegetable oil such as viscosity and atomization cannot be accommodated by existing diesel engines. An alternate process has been developed to improve the fuel characteristics of vegetable oils through the process of alcoholysis to produce a fuel called biodiesel. It can be used in engines as substitute for fossil fuel. This paper reviews the characteristics of different oils available for biodiesel production and the production technologies, engine performance using vegetable oil and biodiesel, and emission studies. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley a Sons, Ltd.

Feasibility of diesel–biodiesel–ethanol/bioethanol blend as existing CI engine fuel: An assessment of properties, material compatibility, safety and combustion

Abstract The global fossil fuel crisis and emission problems lead to investigations on alternative fuels. In this quest, a successful finding is the partial substitution of diesel with ethanol/bioethanol rather than completely replacing it. These blends of diesel and ethanol/bioethanol can be used in the existing CI engines without any major modifications and the most significant result of using this blend is the lower emission with almost the same performance as of diesel fuel alone. Two major drawbacks of using this blend are low miscibility of ethanol/bioethanol in diesel and low temperature instability of produced blend. However, biodiesel can be successfully added to prevent the phase separation of diesel–ethanol/bioethanol blend. Thus, this blend becomes stable even at lower temperatures and more amount of ethanol/bioethanol can be added to them. It is found that a maximum of 25% biodiesel and 5% of ethanol/bioethanol can be added to the diesel fuel effectively. Adding ethanol/bioethanol to diesel fuel alters the properties of the blend, which does not meet some of the standards. Biodiesel addition to this blend helps in regaining the fuel properties to the standard values and thus the blend can be efficiently used in the existing diesel engines. From the review, it can be said that, the use of diesel–biodiesel–ethanol/bioethanol blend can minimize the use of diesel fuel by approximately 25–30%.

Experimental Investigation on Performance of a Diesel Engine using Garcinia Indica (Kokam) and Rice Bran Oil based Biodiesels as Fuels

On the face of upcoming energy crisis and increasing pollution, huge efforts have being made throughout the world to find out environment friendly as well as cost-effective fuels as an alternative to petroleum derived fuels. Fatty acid methyl esters also called as biodiesels derived from edible as well as non edible vegetable oils by transesterification process have come up as promising alternative to substitute diesel fuels due to their biodegradability and better-quality exhaust gas emissions. The scope of the present study is to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of multi-cylinder diesel engine using Garcinia Indica (Kokam) oil and Rice bran oil methyl esters as fuels. Different blends of biodiesel with petroleum based diesel were studied. The results show an appreciable reduction in emission level when compared with petroleum based diesel and also concluded that biodiesels obtained from Kokam oil and Rice bran oil could be used effectively as an alternative fuels in existing diesel engines without any engine hardware modifications.

HIGH INJECTION PRESSURE IMPACT ON A DIRECT INJECTION DIESEL ENGINE

Diesel Engines Are The Primary Source Of Power For Heavy Duty Vehicles; Diesel Engines Have Better Fuel Economy Than Equivalent Gasoline Engines And Produce Less Green House Gas Emission. On The Other Hand, Formation Of Smoke Due To Diffusion Combustion And Emission Of Oxides Of Nitrogen Released Due To High Combustion Temperatures Are The Major Limitations Of The Existing Diesel Engine Designs. Diesel Engine Manufacturers Have To Address These Most Critical Situations To Meet The Future Emissions Regulations Whilst Improving Performance And Fuel Economy At A Minimal Cost. The Fuel Economy, Increased Dynamic Response And Strict Exhaust Emission Regulations Resulted In Invention Of New Technology Development Required Improving The Diesel Engine Performance Along With Exhaust Emissions Reduction. These Improvements Are Made Possible With New Fueling Technologies By Improvements In Combustion Process Through Increased Injection Pressure. High Pressure Fuel Injection Results In Better Fuel Atomisation And Improves The Fuel/Air Mixing To Promote Complete Combustion, Thereby Increasing The Fuel Efficiency With Emission Control. The Objective Of This Paper Is To Investigate The Effect Of Fuel Injection Pressure On Performance, Fuel Consumption And Emission Of A Diesel Engine. A Study Was Done On A Single Cylinder 4 Stroke Direct Injection Diesel Engine And The Performance And Emission Characteristics Were Presented Graphically. Based On Experimental Results, The Best Performance Was Found At 220 Bar Fuel Injection Pressure.

Towards improvement of natural gas-diesel dual fuel mode: An experimental investigation on performance and exhaust emissions

The use of natural gas in compression ignition engines as supplement to liquid diesel in a dual fuel combustion mode is a promising technique. In this study, the effect of DF (dual fuel) operating mode on combustion characteristics, engine performances and pollutants emissions of an existing diesel engine using natural gas as primary fuel and neat diesel as pilot fuel, has been examined. At moderate and relatively high loads, the results show very interesting behavior of dual fuel operating mode in comparison to conventional diesel, both for engine performance and emissions. It showed a simultaneous reduction of soot and NOx species over a large engine operating area. Moreover, it showed the possibility to obtain lower BSFC (brake specific fuel consumption) than conventional diesel engine. However, this mode presents some deficits at low loads, especially concerning unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions. Understanding those deficiencies is a key of such engines improvement. Some suggestions for new measures towards DF mode improvement are deduced.

Multi objective optimization of performance parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine running with hydrogen using a Taguchi-fuzzy based approach

Environmental issues and rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels are the major concerns over the past two decades to search for alternative fuels. Among various alternatives hydrogen is a long-term renewable and least polluting fuel. Its clean burning capability helps to meet the stern emission norms. Full substitution of diesel with hydrogen may not be convenient for the time being but employing of hydrogen in a diesel engine in dual fuel mode is possible. In this experimental investigation a TMI (timed manifold injection) system has been developed using ECU (electronic control unit) with varying injection strategy to deliver hydrogen on to the intake manifold. Through adopting this technique in the existing diesel engine a momentous improvement in performance and combustion parameters has been observed. The study also attempts to explain the application of the fuzzy logic based Taguchi analysis to optimize the performance parameters i.e. BSEC (Brake specific energy consumption), Vol. Eff. (Volumetric efficiency) and BTHE (brake thermal efficiency) for the different hydrogen injection strategies.

The use of rapeseed methyl ester biodiesel in diesel engines

Biodiesel fuel is made from vegetable oil and can be used in existing diesel engines without requiring any modifications. The product is produced by transesterification of vegetable oil which uses alcohol (methanol or ethanol) and is known as methyl ester or ethyl ester. Biodiesel fuel is more environmentally friendly because it is biodegradable. The fuel does not contain sulphur and hence does not produce any sulphurous oxides which are, to a large extent, responsible for acid rain. The fuel does emit CO2 but since this is absorbed by the plants during growth, it offers a net reduction in overall greenhouse gases relative to fossil fuels. The test results on biodiesel fuels showed high friction power with a net reduction in hydrocarbon emissions. The carbon deposits on the injector were similar to those observed when running on diesel while maximum power output was slightly lower due to low heating value of plant fuels.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Ethanol Diesel-Oil Alternative Fuel

For the purpose of providing a scientific reference for improving energy conservation and performance of marine diesel engine, the thermal balance analysis and exergy balance analysis and emission research on ethanol diesel-oil alternative fuel of the existing diesel engine are performed. All necessary data are obtained from an actual diesel engine of KTA50-M2 which is used in a boat located in Dalian. The result shows that engine performance parameters are of no big change, however, the exhaust emissions are significantly reduced.

Experimental study of a diesel engine fuelled with methyl ester of shea butter (Vitellaria paradoxa) and its diesel blends

In this study the results of investigation of engine performance and emissions characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel from shea butter is presented. The volumetric blending ratios of the biodiesel with petroleum diesel fuel were set as D, B20, B50, B75, and B100. The engine performance and emission were measured and evaluated. The tests indicated that while the brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature increased with increase in engine load, the brake thermal efficiency decreased for all the fuels tested. Also while CO and NOx emissions were higher for shea butter biodiesel and its blends, HC and smoke emissions were higher for diesel. The performance and emissions characteristics indicated that no specific blend of the shea butter biodiesel exhibited superior engine performance and emission characteristics in all cases. However, the parameters were comparable to diesel fuel. Hence, the methyl esters of Vitelleria paradoxa can be successfully used in existing diesel engines, but this will require long-term and comprehensive tests.

EMISSION ANALYSIS OF A MEDIUM CAPACITY DIESEL ENGINE USING MAHUA OIL BIODIESEL

The stringent emission norms cannot be met through engine design and exhaust after treatment alone. Use of oxygenated fuel like biodiesel as a alternative to diesel may be the best way to reduce emissions today. In this study, Diesel fuel and pure biodiesel (mahua oil) were tested on a single cylinder naturally-aspirated direct-injection diesel engine. The study aims to investigate the effects of the mahua oil biodiesel on existing diesel engine emissions. The effect of test fuels on engine emissions like CO, HC, CO2, NOx and smoke emissions was investigated with respect to the load on engine. Smoke opacity of Diesel engine was lower in case of biodiesel of mahua oil as compare to mineral diesel. NOx emissions was little higher during the whole range of loading, which is a typical characteristic of biodiesel. However the increments are within in the narrow range. CO2 emissions was bit higher which is the indication of better combustion due to presence of rich oxygen in the mixture, it results in the low values of CO and HC during the whole range of experiments. Thus considering environmental norms most of the engine emissions, it can be concluded and biodiesel derived from mahua oil could be used in a conventional diesel engine without any modification.

Experimental Investigations on Conventional and Semi-Adiabatic Diesel Engine Using Simarouba Biodiesel as Fuel

In view of fast depletion of fossil fuels and the rapid rate at which the fuel consumption is taking place all over the world, scientists are searching for alternate fuels for maintaining the growth industrially and economically. Hence search for alternate fuel(s) has become imminent. Out of the limited options for internal combustion engines, the bio diesel fuel appears to be the best. Many advanced countries are implementing several biodiesel initiatives and developmental programmes in order to become self sufficient and reduce the import bills. Biodiesel is biodegradable and renewable fuel with the potential to enhance the performance and reduce engine exhaust emissions. This is due to ready usage of existing diesel engines, fuel distribution pattern, reduced emission profiles, and eco-friendly properties of biodiesel. Simarouba biodiesel (SBD), the methyl ester of Simarouba oil is one such alternative fuel which can be used as substitute to conventional petro-diesel. The present work involves experimental investigation on the use of SBD blends as fuel in conventional diesel engine and semi-adiabatic diesel engine. The oil was triple filtered to eliminate particulate matter and then transesterified to obtain biodiesel. The project envisaged aims at conducting analysis of diesel with SBD blends (10, 20, 30 and 40 %) in conventional engine and semi-adiabatic engine. Also it was decided to vary the injection pressure (180, 190 and 200 bar) and observe its effect on performance and also suggest better value of injection pressure. The engine was made semi adiabatic by coating the piston crown with partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ). Kirloskar AV I make (3.67 kW) vertical, single cylinder, water cooled diesel engine coupled to an eddy current dynamometer with suitable measuring instrumentation/accessories used for the study. Experiments were initially carried out using pure diesel fuel to provide base line data. The test results were compared based on the performance parameters including power output, fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption etc. Exhaust emissions were also measured. The results obtained confirmed that the blends of SBD with petro-diesel can be successfully employed as an alternate fuel in diesel engines. Also engine with coated piston crown gave better break thermal efficiency for blends of Simarouba and diesel compared with diesel fuel. Significant improvements in engine performance characteristics were observed for a blend containing 20 % SBD. The emissions for 20 % biodiesel blend for the standard engine were less when compared with diesel fuel emissions. Contrary to expectations the injection pressure of 180 bar proved to be better than 190 and 200 bar.

Study of air inlet preheating and EGR impacts for improving the operation of compression ignition engine running under dual fuel mode

One of the methods to achieve curtailment of diesel engine emissions is the conversion of conventional diesel engines to using natural gas as a supplement to normal diesel fuel. In this type of engines most of the engine power output is provided by the gaseous fuel, while a pilot amount of diesel fuel is used as ignition source of the gaseous fuel–air mixture. However dual fuel operating mode, in comparison to conventional diesel one, suffers from low brake thermal efficiency and high carbon monoxide emissions. By applying a two-zone phenomenological model, the present work studies the effect of air inlet preheating and exhaust gas recirculation on the performance and exhaust emissions of a pilot ignited dual fuel diesel engine. The main objectives are to record and comparatively evaluate the relative impact that each one of the above mentioned parameters has on the engine performance characteristics and emitted pollutants. Moreover, it deals with the determination of an optimum combination between the examined parameters, so that probable undesirable effects on engine performance characteristics are avoided. By comparing the investigation results, it is revealed that the simultaneous increase of both parameters examined could be a promising solution to improving engine efficiency (increase up to 5%) and reducing CO emissions (decrease up to 10%) from a pilot ignited dual fuel diesel engine, without imparting any serious problem to engine operational lifetime. The conclusions from the study may be proved valuable for the application of this technological solution to existing diesel engines.