Existing Control System Research Articles

Deriving policies from connection codes to ensure ongoing voltage stability

The management and transmission networks is becoming increasingly complex due to the proliferation of renewables-based distributed energy resources (DER). Existing control systems for DER are based on static specifications from interdependent network connection documents. Such systems are inflexible and their maintenance requires concerted effort between grid stakeholders.In this paper we present a new supplementary control approach to increase the agility of the electricity grid. The ICT system that underlies smart grids has the potential to offer, by analogy with ICT based network management, a control plane overlay for the modern smart grid. Policy-based Network Management (PBNM) is widely deployed in managed telecoms networks. We outline how PBNM can augment the management of power and energy networks and report on our initial work to validate the approach. To configure the PBNM system, we have used text mining to derive connection parameters at the LV level. In our simulations, PBNM was used in collaboration with a Volt-VAr optimisation (VVO) to tune the connection settings at each DER to manage the voltage across all the buses. We argue that the full benefits will be realised when stakeholders focus on agreeing relatively stable high-level connection policies, the policies being refined dynamically, and algorithms such as VVO that set connection parameters so they are consistent with those high-level policies. Thus faults, power quality issues and regulatory infringement can be identified sooner, and power flow can be optimised.

Holographic Mixed Reality System for Air Traffic Control and Management

Based on a long-term prediction by the International Civil Aviation Organization indicating steady increases in air traffic demand throughout the world, the workloads of air traffic controllers are expected to continuously increase. Air traffic control and management (ATC/M) includes the processing of various unstructured composite data along with the real-time visualization of aircraft data. To prepare for future air traffic, research and development intended to effectively present various complex navigation data to air traffic controllers is necessary. This paper presents a mixed reality-based air traffic control system for the improvement of and support for air traffic controllers’ workflow using mixed reality technology that is effective for the delivery of information such as complex navigation data. The existing control systems involve difficulties in information access and interpretation. Therefore, taking notice of the necessity for the integration of air traffic control systems, this study presents the mixed reality (MR) system, which is a new approach, that enables the control of air traffic in interactive environments. This system is provided in a form usable in actual operational environments with a head-mounted see-through display installed with a controller to enable more structured work support. In addition, since this system can be controlled first-hand by air traffic controllers, it provides a new experience through improved work efficiency and productivity.

Cyber-physical production systems architecture based on multi-agent\u2019s design pattern\u2014comparison of selected approaches mapping four agent patterns

The growing complexity of production systems requires appropriate control architectures that allow flexible adaptation during their runtime. Although cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) provide the means to cope with complexity and flexibility, the migration with existing control systems is still a challenge. The term CPPS denotes a mechatronic system (physical world) coupled with software entities and digital information (cyber part), both enabling the smart factory concept for the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) paradigm. In this regard, design patterns could help developers to build their software with common solutions for manufacturing control derived from experiences. We provide a description and comparison of the already existing multi-agent systems (MAS) design patterns, which were collected and classified by introducing two classification criteria to support MAS developers. The applicability of these criteria is shown in the case of specific example architectures from the lower and higher control levels. The authors, together with experts from the German Agent Systems committee FA 5.15, gathered more than twenty MAS patterns, evaluated, and compared four selected patterns with the presented criteria and terminology. The main contribution is a CPPS architecture that fulfills requirements related to the era of smart factories, as well as the Reference Architectural Model I4.0 (RAMI 4.0). The conclusions indicate that agent-based patterns greatly benefit the CPPS design. In addition, it is shown that manufacturing based on MAS is a good way to address complex requests of the CPPS development.

Повышение качества молотого кофе за счет использования SCADA системы при автоматизации процесса объемного дозирования

Статья посвящена повышению эффективности технологии производства молотого обжаренного кофе «Арабика» за счет применения автоматических объемных роторных дозаторов в качестве объектов автоматизации и создания на их основе систем автоматического регулирования параметров технологического процесса производства молотого обжаренного кофе с использованием Scada системы. В статье определены актуальность темы, исследованы показатели качества молотого кофе сорта «Арабика». Показано, что в процессе дозирования возникают проблемы со стабильностью подачи молотого кофе в дозирующий механизм и возможностью автоматического контроля образующихся при этом сводов. Поэтому проведены экспериментальные исследования и моделирование процессов истечения молотого кофе из бункера дозатора с использованием методов дискретных элементов. Разработаны и апробированы методы и способы автоматического контроля показателей качества кофе с использованием Scada системы. Показаны результаты анализа технологического процесса дозирования молотого обжаренного кофе как объекта управления и проведен обзор существующих систем управления процессами дозирования молотого кофе. На основе проведенных исследований разработана математическая модель управления процессом дозирования молотого кофе сорта «Арабика» из бункера объемного дозатора с учетом присущих ему внутренних связей между параметрами технологических режимов и внешними возмущающими факторами. Проведено моделирование функционирования системы управления приводами подачи кофе в объемный дозатор при действии стохастических возмущений по нагрузке дозатора с учетом физико-механических свойств кофе. Разработан алгоритм управления процессом дозирования, предусматривающий учет корректирующего воздействия по промежуточной координате – уровню молотого кофе в бункере на основе исследования режимов работы дозатора и проверки асимптотической устойчивости системы управления производительностью дозатора при действии случайных возмущений и при отсутствии перерегулирования по уровню молотого кофе в бункере. В результате проведенных исследований выявлена перспективная методика управления уровнем молотого кофе, позволяющая осуществить переход от применения простого, позиционного закона управления уровнем молотого кофе в бункере дозатора к моделированию изменения уровня со специализированным контролем и управлением дозатором непосредственно в процессе функционирования. По полученным результатам в качестве критерия управления предложена производительность технологической линии с наложенными на нее ограничениями на колебания объемной массы молотого кофе в упаковке, что позволяет значительно повысить эффективность работы данной линии, улучшить качество производимого кофе и сделать процесс дозирования более точным.

DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-SPEED ALGORITM OF NEUROLOGICAL CONCLUSION

One of the ways to increase the efficiency of the process of managing continuous dynamic objects is to develop new or improve existing control systems based on modern methods involving the achievements of information technology. The article deals with the creation of highly efficient control algorithms for technological objects, operating in conditions of uncertainty, designed to manage real-life objects. An algorithm is proposed for the structural-parametric adaptation of the PID parameters (proportional-integral-differential) -regulator, which allows to reduce the number of iterations in the learning process of the fuzzy-logical inference algorithm by reducing empty solutions. To determine the empty solutions, hybrid algorithms are used, which include modernized genetic and immune algorithms, which in turn allow you to configure the adaptation parameters of artificial neural network models. A block diagram of an automated control system for executive mechanisms is proposed, which includes a block for adapting the correction of not only parameters, but also the structure of the control system, which allows to reduce the error in the results of training a neuro-fuzzy network from 8 to 1%. The proposed algorithm is simple to implement on microcontrollers, which allows it to be implemented in the tasks of process control in the conditions of information uncertainty in real conditions at the operation stage.

Застосування перколяційних алгоритмів для оцінки надійності гетерогенних мереж військового призначення

In recent years, especially with the onset of aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the requirements for the reliability of existing heterogeneous networks as the technological basis of the command and control system of formations, unions and military control bodies of all levels of the Armed Forces of Ukraine have significantly increased. Indeed, the failure of only one element of the existing control system (due to deliberate (cyber-attacks) or unintentional interference) can lead to the loss of the control system as a whole. Therefore, the creation of a reliable heterogeneous network (GM) to ensure the functioning of the control system is an important and important task. As a result, the authors propose, in order to assess the reliability of the GM, to improve the existing method, in which information transfer within the network is viewed as passing data packets from one GM segment to another through the providers infrastructure (Internet), using percolations algorithms (algorithms build on percolation theory models). In 1956, in the article Percolation processes I. Crystals and mazes (flow process. Crystals and labyrinths) authors S.R. BROADBENT and J.M. HAMMERSLEY proposed to simulate the flow of matter in a porous material using the Monte Carlo method Further research in this area showed that the use of this approach is used in various fields of science, such as physics (statistical), materials science, economics, chemistry, geology, sociology, medicine, to describe the occurrence of related structures in random environments (clusters) of random environments. (clusters), consisting of individual elements.

Development of automatic control system of satellite signal parameters with TDMA technology

The control of the frequency spectrum state under operating conditions of the satellite networks that include plenty of satellite earth stations is one of the main functions of ground segment of space communication systems. In this case, the control system of the satellite network must measure the parameters of separate network segments or separate earth station if it is necessary. The necessity for selective measurements is relevant in the following cases: the power level, noise level or spurious radiation level of any earth station is significantly higher than the nominal one. The overview of some existing monitoring systems that makes automatic control of the frequency spectrum is presented. The analysis of the problem arisen during the functioning of satellite TDMA networks that involve plenty of earth stations is presented. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the existing control systems of the satellite networks do not allow measuring high frequency parameters of separate earth stations under TDMA technology. The analysis of the problem of measuring the channels parameters of satellite network functioned by using the TDMA technology is presented. The differences between computations of channel power under “single channel per carrier” technology and the TDMA technology are presented. The authors proposed an automatic control system of high-frequency (HF) parameters of satellite signals, functioning by using the time-division multiple access technology. The block diagram of this system and description of its operation are presented. The conditions for implementing this automatic control system are defined. The time chart and its characteristics were calculated during measurements executing by this automatic control system. The method of match making between the received signals through the satellite segment and the identifiers of earth stations of the satellite network is presented.

Designing CODAC system for tokamaks using web technology

The core of ITER CODAC is built around the EPICS toolkit. EPICS is very mature in accelerator community. However, there are endeavors to improve existing control system software like tango and EPICS 7 mainly driven by the needs of more a flexible system and the development of computer technology. This paper presents a new way of building a CODAC system for tokamaks using web technology instead of EPICS toolkit. The control system components are abstracted into resources. The accessing of the resources is done via standard HTTP RESTful web API. HMI is based on HTML and JavaScript in browsers. Web Socket is used to improve the efficient of event distribution. The main feature of this design is that all interfaces in the system are based on open web standards, which are interoperable among almost all kinds of server and client technology. The paper also presents a software toolkit to build this CODAC system. With it, a data acquisition system for ECEI diagnostics is built and presented.

Power quality enhancement by MPC based multi-level control employed with improved particle Swarm optimized selective harmonic elimination

ABSTRACTIn the past decades, the number of distributed generators (DG) which are sensitive to adverse environments, the disturbances introduced by the nonlinear load and proliferation of renewable energy sources are increased considerably. This fetches the importance of power quality improvement. Also the sudden changes in the operating conditions of DGs due to load disturbances and network contingencies produce harmonics. In order to overcome the above issues in this research work, we proposed to design a novel Model Predictive Control Algorithm based Tree structured multi-level Control system. The utilization of Extended Kalman filter with MPC expresses the harmonic signatures produced in the system which can be used to detect islanding. An Improved Particle Swarm Optimized Selective harmonic Elimination is finally employed to reduce the harmonics which significantly improves the quality of power delivered to the load. Our proposed control system has been implemented in the working platform of MATLAB/SIMULINK and tested with certain load conditions. The simulation results of the proposed control system and comparison with existing control systems show the significance of the proposed work.

Standard as the basis for a corrosion education and certification international. Establishment of an international guide standard for Corrosion Management in industry

Corrosion is still responsible for large economic losses in many and very different industry sectors like e.g. marine, refinery and petrochemistry, oil and gas pipelines or of drinking water and appearing by hot gases and combustion products in steel and concrete constructions. There are only some examples chosen. The corrosion phenomena are still a huge astonishment because of some costly repair processes and because of large production losses. The corrosion control systems existing by now help to avoid or to minimize these losses but the question still is, if the existing control system can be working better or longer. If yes, what a key can optimize the corrosion protection depending on the sector’s requirements.

Interval State Estimation of Linear Multicellular Systems

Linear multicellular system is a type of differential inclusion system, which can be deemed as an extension of linear control system with set‐valued mapping. As an important issue in existing control systems, interval state estimation has been widely applied in engineering practices. Over the years, the objects of the studies on interval state estimation have been extended from the initial linear time‐invariant systems to linear time‐varying systems, chaotic systems, feedback linearization systems, and nonlinear Lipschitz systems. However, there is no report on the design of interval observer for linear multicellular system. To make up for this gap, this chapter attempts to explore the design of an interval observer for linear multicellular systems.

Mechanism modelling on the coordinated control system of a coal-fired subcritical circulating fluidized bed unit

To improve the load following capacity of a coal-fired circulating fluidized bed (CFB) power generation unit, it is necessary to build a model for the design of the load control system, e.g. the coordinated control system (CCS). In this paper, a mechanism-based control model of the CCS with the balance between model complexity and prediction accuracy applicable for controller design is established based on the dynamic characteristics of a subcritical coal-fired CFB unit. The proposed model was applied on a 300 MW coal-fired subcritical CFB unit with the existing control system. The results showed that the model can reflect the main dynamic characteristic of power plant project with 300 MW CFB unit with the existing control system, has high precision, and can be used to design the controller of load control system. Moreover, the transfer function of coordinated control systems is derived to design the control algorithm.

Game Theoretic Modeling of Driver and Vehicle Interactions for Verification and Validation of Autonomous Vehicle Control Systems

Autonomous driving has been the subject of increased interest in recent years both in industry and in academia. Serious efforts are being pursued to address legal, technical and logistical problems and make autonomous cars a viable option for everyday transportation. One significant challenge is the time and effort required for the verification and validation of the decision and control algorithms employed in these vehicles to ensure a safe and comfortable driving experience. Hundreds of thousands of miles of driving tests are required to achieve a well calibrated control system that is capable of operating an autonomous vehicle in an uncertain traffic environment where multiple interactions between vehicles and drivers simultaneously occur. Traffic simulators where these interactions can be modeled and represented with reasonable fidelity can help decrease the time and effort necessary for the development of the autonomous driving control algorithms by providing a venue where acceptable initial control calibrations can be achieved quickly and safely before actual road tests. In this paper, we present a game theoretic traffic model that can be used to 1) test and compare various autonomous vehicle decision and control systems and 2) calibrate the parameters of an existing control system. We demonstrate two example case studies, where, in the first case, we test and quantitatively compare two autonomous vehicle control systems in terms of their safety and performance, and, in the second case, we optimize the parameters of an autonomous vehicle control system, utilizing the proposed traffic model and simulation environment.

Management Control Points Related to the Lag Phase of Fungal Growth in a Stored Rapeseed Ecosystem

AbstractThe quality of rapeseed oil largely depends on the quality of postharvest preservation of raw seeds. Fungal infestation at early stages of the storage of rapeseeds is a major cause of their spoilage. The knowledge of relations between the storage conditions, fungal contamination, and technological quality of rapeseeds is essential to specify key control points that can be used to improve postharvest management systems and maintain rapeseed quality. The aim of this study was to define decisive control points on the basis of the kinetics of early mold growth in ecosystems of rapeseeds in a hazardous initial microbiological state, stored under various water activity and temperature conditions (a w =0.78–0.96 and t =12–30 °C). A correlation between the acid value (AV), germination, and fungal infestation of seeds was found in ecosystems with significant mold activity. The analysis of the mold growth kinetics with regard to AV, seed germination, and visible mold time showed that the detection of early (invisible) fungal growth could be a good basis for determining the time during which rapeseeds should be protected from deterioration. The research results showed how to use the length of the lag phase to identify decisive control points, which are necessary to improve the existing control systems of rapeseed preservation and storage.

Conceptual study of a gearbox fault detection method applied on a 5‐MW spar‐type floating wind turbine

AbstractIn this paper, a model‐based fault detection method for fault detection of gearboxes in offshore wind turbines is presented. The main aim of this paper is to support conceptual studies with more emphasis on early fault detection methods for floating wind turbines. The method is introduced and applied on a 5‐MW reference gearbox installed on a spar‐type floating wind turbine. Faults applied on the main bearing, high and intermediate speed shaft bearings, and the planet bearing are examined with this method. The gearbox is modelled in a multibody simulation environment with high fidelity. The 5‐MW gearbox model used in this study is an offshore reference gearbox that consists of 3 stages, 2 planetary and 1 parallel stages, which is supported in a 4‐point configuration layout. The bearing faults are detected through the angular velocity error function. The angular velocity measurements are performed at input, output shafts, and 2 additional sensors inside the gearbox. The aim of the method is also to detect the fault through the external sensors—input and output shafts—measurements, which can be embedded in the existing control system. The results reveal the possibility of early fault detection by this method for large floating wind turbines.

SUPERHEATED STEAM TEMPERATURE CONTROL FOR BOILER USING ADAPTIVE DYNAMIC FEEDFORWARD COMPENSATORS

This paper proposes a new control strategy for improving the performance of the superheated steam temperature control system in thermal power plants. Based on the analysis of the limitations of the static feedforward compensators (SFC) for temperature and boiler load disturbances in the existing control system of the auxiliary boiler in Dung Quat refinery, two adaptive dynamic feedforward compensators (ADFC) for temperature and boiler load disturbances were proposed to replace the SFCs. In addition, a method for predicting the tube wall temperature of the superheater using an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model was also proposed. The simulation results for the two typical cases of the boiler load change indicate that the control system incorporated with the proposed ADFCs improves significantly the performance of the control system

Towards Characterization and Adaptive Compensation of Backlash in a Novel Robotic Catheter System for Cardiovascular Interventions.

Despite the success and prospects of the robotic catheter system for the cardiovascular access, loss of vision, and haptics have limited its global adoption. A direct implication is the great difficulty posed when trying to eliminate the backlash in catheters during vascular cannulations. As a result, physicians and patients end up been exposed to high radiation for a long period of time. Existing control systems proposed for such interventional robots have not fully consider the hysteretic (backlash) behavior. In this study, a novel robotic catheter system is designed for accessing the human cardiac area through the radial vasculature, while single factor descriptive analysis is employed to characterize the backlash behavior during axial motions of the interventional robot. Based on the descriptive analysis, an adaptive system is proposed for the backlash compensation during the cardiovascular access. The adaptive system consists of a neuro-fuzzy module that predicts a backlash gap based on bounded motion signals, and contact force modulated from a modified error-based force control model. The proposed system is implemented in MATLAB and visual C++. Finally, an in vitro experiment with a human tubular model, shows that the proposed adaptive compensation system can minimize the backlash occurrence during cardiovascular access.

Static Antiwindup Design for Nonlinear Parameter Varying Systems With Application to DC Motor Speed Control Under Nonlinearities and Load Variations

In this brief, a novel scheme to design an antiwindup gain by ensuring local stability for nonlinear parameter varying systems having an input saturation is derived. Antiwindup compensator (AWC) design is provided for a dynamic output feedback controller that meets the desired closed-loop stability and performance specifications in the absence of the input saturation. A linear matrix inequality-based condition by application of Lyapunov theory, a local sector condition, an upper bound on the nonlinearity, and parametric bounds is formulated for the AWC design to ensure asymptotic and $\mathcal {L}_{2}$ stability. In contrast to the conventional approaches for nonlinear systems, the proposed AWC approach accounts for parametric variations, considers computationally simple static antiwindup, is straightforward for implementation, is useful for the existing control system, and can reduce the design conservatism. The proposed AWC design approach is tested for a practical scenario on the dc servo system control under armature nonlinearity, load variations, and control input saturation. Both simulation and experimental results are provided.

Evaluating Muscle Activation Models for Elbow Motion Estimation.

Adoption of wearable assistive technologies relies heavily on improvement of existing control system models. Knowing which models to use and how to improve them is difficult to determine due to the number of proposed solutions with relatively little broad comparisons. One type of these models, muscle activation models, describes the nonlinear relationship between neural inputs and mechanical activation of the muscle. Many muscle activation models can be found in the literature, but no comparison is available to guide the community on limitations and improvements. In this research, an EMG-driven elbow motion model is developed for the purpose of evaluating muscle activation models. Seven muscle activation models are used in an optimization procedure to determine which model has the best performance. Root mean square errors in muscle torque estimation range from 1.67–2.19 Nm on average over varying input trajectories. The computational resource demand was also measured during the optimization procedure, as it is an important aspect for determining if a model is feasible for use in a particular wearable assistive device. This study provides insight into the ability of these models to estimate elbow motion and the trade-off between estimation accuracy and computational demand.

Development of autonomous controller system of high speed UAV from simulation to ready to fly condition

The development of autonomous controller system that is specially used in our high speed UAV, it’s call RKX-200EDF/TJ controlled vehicle needs to be continued as a step to mastery and to developt control system of LAPAN’s satellite launching rocket. The weakness of the existing control system in this high speed UAV needs to be repaired and replaced using the autonomous controller system. Conversion steps for ready-to-fly system involved controlling X tail fin, adjusting auto take off procedure by adding X axis sensor, procedure of way points reading and process of measuring distance and heading to the nearest way point, developing user-friendly ground station, and adding tools for safety landing. The development of this autonomous controller system also covered a real flying test in Pandanwangi, Lumajang in November 2016. Unfortunately, the flying test was not successful because the booster rocket was blown right after burning. However, the system could record the event and demonstrated that the controller system had worked according to plan.