Existing Business Models Research Articles

Re-arranging the Old Business Model – How Networking Fosters Entrepreneurial Learning

In this study, we seek to provide insights into how entrepreneurs might improve their business model innovation capability as a key expression or form of entrepreneurial learning by examining their networking activities. Using a comprehensive dataset of 207 entrepreneurs, we specifically explore how the knowledge heterogeneity of their personal network influences entrepreneur’s capability to adapt existing business models. Our results demonstrate that network knowledge heterogeneity indeed has a positive relationship with business model innovation capability. Moreover, this relationship is moderated by entrepreneurs exchange about failures in their personal network. For example, we found that this relationship is stronger for entrepreneurs exchanging about failures with a low level (high level) when their network knowledge heterogeneity in their personal network is low to mean (mean to high).

Garlic Business Model Development Strategy: Canvas Model Business Approach

Garlic is one of the commodities developed in the country as an effort to achieve self-sufficiency and reduce imports. This study aims to identify the existing business models in the garlic production centers and develop garlic ideal business models using Business Model Canvas (BMC) approach. The others purpose is to identify the critical points of existing business models and formulate policy recommendations for developing garlic business models to support production. The study used primary and secondary data. The primary data was obtained from a survey conducted in 2021 at garlic production centers with purposive sampling methods such as Karanganyar Regency, Boyolali Regency, and Magelang Regency. The analysis shows that key partner elements, customer segments, and channels are the critical point. Thus, to develop the garlic business model, it is necessary to carry out synergy and collaboration of stakeholders (key partners) to overcome critical activities, essential resources, customer segments, partnerships, channels, and value co-creation. As a result, it will improve garlic farmers' cost structure and revenue stream, so garlic production can increase to meet domestic needs. Keywords: bmc element, business model canvas, collaboration, garlic, synergy

Business Development Strategy of Instant Ginger Start-Up in The Covid-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 has changed people's lifestyles and transaction behavior. People switch to a healthier lifestyle and use digital marketing for daily transactions. Arvan Natural Group, a start-up company that produces ginger powder, must be able to optimize these opportunities. The increment of a competitor in the health drink sector has even tighter competition. In addition, this company faces several problems regarding raw materials (continuity and quality), product development, and limited channels. Therefore, this study aims to identify existing business models, develop alternative strategies, prioritize business strategies, and build a new business model. The data processing technique thoroughly analyzes BMC, SWOT, IFE/EFE, and QSPM. Experts working in biopharmaceutical research and business give the weights and ratings. IE matrix showed the company's position is in quadrant II (2.92, 3.02). It is categorized as grow and build strategy. Based on QSPM analysis, strategies classified as high urgency and plotting in the new business model are expanding channels (strategic location, reseller system), adding advertisement budget and joining promotion events, and applying for bonus promotion. Besides, there are differentiating products, creating an operational partnership system with farmers, improving marketing content (video), applying the functional structure of human resources, and creating product size variety. Keywords: BMC, digital marketing, lifestyle, QSPM, SWOT

Proposed Development Strategy for Green Diesel Product in Industrial Fuel Market

PTM is one of Indonesia Energy Enterprise which is carried out integrated energy business by covering exploration & production, refinery, marketing & distribution, and new & renewable energy business based on strong commercial principles. Industrial Fuel Marketing (IFM) division is part of Company’s Commercial & Trading business, established to bring various of product into domestic industrial fuel market and marine sectors. Currently IFM as market leader which is hold the market more than 70% Share. PTM is assigned by shareholder to develop Biorefinery with capacity 20,000 Barrel/Day in 2019. Biorefinery will produce Green Diesel from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) as main product with catalytic processing. Shareholder willing to implement the Biorefinery for alternative fuel sources to reduce dependence on petroleum-based fuels, as well as to reduce climate change and reduce fossil fuel import. There are several issues regarding Biorefinery business in term of Green Diesel Market which are higher CPO price than crude oil price therefore the Green Diesel price will be higher than Petroleum Diesel. In accordance with those issues, it will need business strategic in Biorefinery implementation. In this case, Author will propose strategic marketing of Green Diesel to penetrate domestic Industrial Fuel Market. Unfortunately, In Industrial Fuel sector there is open competition among fuel suppliers which currently more than 230 suppliers. The object of this research is developing business strategy for Green Diesel product in Industrial Fuel Market (IFM). To develop business strategy, the conceptual framework is necessary to have right alternatives strategies that are appropriate for the company. This research will carry out the external and internal analysis, for external analysis using Market Analysis, Porter Five Forces Analysis, Competitor Analysis and Consumer Analysis. Whereas the internal analysis will use 4P Marketing Mix, Existing Business Model Canvas and VRIO Framework. The first stage will be internal external factor evaluation, then the matching stage will use TOWS (Threats, Opportunities, Weakness, Strengths) Matrix to develop alternative strategies, in the end of the stage the final analysis will use QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) to evaluate the feasibility of each of these alternative strategies. Based on QSPM there are top five strategies feasible to be implemented which is Development of target market priority on SOE and government institution, coopetition strategy, development of digital marketing, development of employee capabilities on Green Diesel Business and development of flexibility term of Payment (TOP).

Defining online to offline (O2O): a systematic approach to defining an emerging business model

PurposeA new business model online to offline (O2O) has emerged in recent years. Similar to many new models at an early stage, O2O has inconsistent definitions which not only inhibit its adoption but also poorly differentiate O2O from other existing business models. To resolve the two issues, the authors propose an approach of definition development.Design/methodology/approachTo show the usefulness of the approach, the authors demonstrate the differences among O2O and other business models with the use of the distinctive definition and thereby evaluate adoption of O2O from a practical perspective and identify research directions from a theoretical perspective based on the differences.FindingsThe authors' proposed approach of definition development integrates the work of Tatarkiewicz (1980) and Nickerson et al. (2013). The approach generates a distinctive definition of O2O with important analytical dimensions which help decision-making of adoption of O2O.Originality/valueThe paper aims to make several contributions. First, on theoretical contribution, the authors confine the scope of O2O studies and facilitate accumulation of more coherent knowledge of O2O. The authors help O2O evolve from a “buzz word” of successful stories in real businesses to a more serious concept from an academic perspective. Second, from a practical perspective, the authors' definition provides business executives with critical evaluative dimensions for gauging the adoption of O2O. Lastly, from a methodological perspective, the proposed approach can be used in future to define an emerging concept in real life businesses.

Intra-organizational business model implications of inter-organizational collaboration

This short paper explores the intra-organizational business model implications of organizations as they enter different inter-organizational collaborations, as exemplified by clusters, networks, and ecosystems. The aim is to show, conceptually, how organizations must consider the degree of interconnection and the value co-created with other actors through inter-organizational collaboration, as these affect the value creation, value configuration and value capture of their existing business model(s).

INCUMBENT BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION UNDER MISPERCEIVED HYPERCOMPETITION

Hypercompetition theory states that incumbent firms must restructure their organizations, resources, and product portfolios, as competitive advantages cannot be sustained over time. Yet, hypercompetition is rarer than many scholars and practitioners suggest. In this paper, we suggest that if managers misperceive the true state of competition in their industry, they run two potential risks. The first is to underestimate the competitive dynamics and to therefore focus too much on incremental changes to their existing business model. The second is to overestimate the dynamics and to waste resources on unnecessary radical business model innovation. In this chapter we discuss these risks in light of recent research on both hypercompetition and on incumbent business model innovation.

PROCESS AND ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL FORMALIZATION OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES’ ADMINISTRATION INDICATORS

The article considers the main approaches to the rehabilitation ability of construction companies, which should be identified based on a set of individual aspects of the construction company as a participant in investment and construction project and identification of synergetic properties to restore financial stability based on a holistic approach to such assessment. The purpose of this article is to identify the factors that should ensure the rehabilitation ability of the enterprise in the long run. Four groups of indicators can signal in advance the rehabilitation ability state of the construction company. These are indicators that characterize: rehabilitation ability of staff (rehabilitation ability of the project team, rehabilitation potential of staff) (К1); rehabilitation ability of the existing business model for the period of evaluation of the construction company (К2); rehabilitation favorability of environment of the investment and construction project (К3); rehabilitation potential of the construction company (К4). Identification of construction companies rehabilitation ability level is proposed to be carried out based on the calculation of the cumulative indicator, which is determined in six stages: 1) analysis of the dynamics of individual indicators of enterprise activity; 2) calculation and analysis of pairwise correlation coefficients between each of the cumulative indicators of rehabilitation ability and a set of indicators; 3) forming of four local correlation-regression models of the cumulative indicators’ dependence on the most influential explanatory factors from the set formed at the previous step; 4) creating a comprehensive cumulative indicator of the rehabilitation ability of the construction company I; 5) calculation and analysis of pairwise correlation coefficients between each of the cumulative indicators of rehabilitation ability as an explanatory factor and the cumulative indicator of rehabilitation ability I; 6) construction of a correlation-regression model of dependence of I on indicators from the set. Then all created models are combined into a single tool that can detect the threat of bankruptcy of the construction company, taking into account the functional-informational, financial, operational links between the participants of the construction in investment and construction projects. Assessing the rehabilitation ability of construction companies based on four aspects of development success (staff, business model, development project environment, and competitiveness factors) not only identify the strengths and weaknesses of participants of construction project but also identify areas of priority for control, correction and other rehabilitation actions for participants in development projects.

ANALYSIS ON MARKET SENTIMENT REGULATION OF DYNAMIC EVOLUTION MECHANISM OF SMART AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS MODEL — TAKING JINGDONG FARM AS AN EXAMPLE

BackgroundThere are many studies on business model innovation and evolution in academia, but there are few studies on the specific process of business model evolution and relevant elements of business model innovation under a specific background. It is not clear how to realize the development mechanism of digital agriculture, especially in the context of intelligent agriculture. Combined with the existing literature, this paper believes that the evolution of business model begins with external and internal driving forces, and is divided into different stages according to the changes of the constituent elements of the existing business model. On this basis, the evolution mechanism of smart agriculture business model and its impact on customer emotion regulation are discussed.Research Objects and MethodsUsing the method of case study, this paper analyzes the market psychology in the development of “Jingdong farm” intelligent agricultural business model. The study found that its development has experienced three stages: preliminary exploration, brand construction and farm construction. This paper makes a psychological analysis from four aspects: value proposition, value creation, value creation and value creation. The value transfer and value acquisition in each stage are carried out in turn. In order to verify the impact of the algorithm on customer emotion, this study uses the self-efficacy scale and the abbreviated teacher self-efficacy scale compiled by Tschannen, Moran and Hoy. The scale has 12 items, including three dimensions: teaching strategy efficiency, student incentive efficiency and class management efficiency. Using Likert's 9-point evaluation method, it gives 1-9 points respectively from “completely unable” to “fully able”. The ol coefficients of each dimension of the original scale were 0.86, 0.81 and 0.86 respectively. In this study, the only coefficients of the three dimensions are 0.84, 0.83 and 0.81 respectively.ResultsThe results show that: first, the value proposition of smart agriculture has changed from bilateral to multilateral, aiming to integrate multilateral resources and provide consumers with better products and services; Second, take “Circulation” as the center and expand to the whole industry chain management mode centered on “production”, “Circulation” and “sales”; Third, intelligent agriculture breaks through the original value boundary and realizes value appreciation by improving agricultural production efficiency and consumers' ability to meet their own value.ConclusionMost of the existing studies solve the production problems of agricultural industry from the perspective of digital technology, and pay less attention to the evolution mechanism of agricultural industry business model. Any technological innovation will inevitably lead to the change of its business model. For example, the birth of Internet technology has changed the traditional business model. The evolution of business model is not a one-time process, but a gradual process of constantly adjusting its own business logic. Therefore, combined with the business model theory, this paper discusses the mechanism of the evolution from traditional agriculture to intelligent agriculture. In view of this, this paper attempts to take Jingdong farm as a typical case, take its development process as a clue, answer the dynamic evolution mechanism of smart agriculture, and then put forward the overall framework of the transformation and upgrading from traditional agriculture to smart agriculture.AcknowledgementThis study was supported by Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (Q20191311); Philosophy and Social Science Youth Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (20Q033); 2020 Open Project of Yangtze River Economic Belt Development Research Institute (Cjjj-202006); Jingzhou Science and Technology Plan Project (2020CB21-32).

Survey Paper Artificial and Computational Intelligence in the Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Network

In this modern age, Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) as its derivatives have become one of the most popular and important technological advancements. In IoT, all things and services in the real world are digitalized and it continues to grow exponentially every year. This growth in number of IoT device in the end has created a tremendous amount of data and new data services such as big data systems. These new technologies can be managed to produce additional value to the existing business model. It also can provide a forecasting service and is capable to produce decision-making support using computational intelligence methods. In this survey paper, we provide detailed research activities concerning Computational Intelligence methods application in IoT WSN. To build a good understanding, in this paper we also present various challenges and issues for Computational Intelligence in IoT WSN. In the last presentation, we discuss the future direction of Computational Intelligence applications in IoT WSN such as Self-Organizing Network (dynamic network) concept.

The Emergence of Decentralized Business Models: Blockchain Interruption and Decentralized Finance

Abstract: Blockchain technology has the ability to lower transaction costs, build distributed trust, and empower decentralised platforms, providing a foundation for new decentralised business models. Blockchain technology enables the growth of decentralised financial services in the financial industry, which are more decentralised, inventive, compatible, borderless, and transparent. Decentralized financial services, driven by blockchain technology, have the potential to expand financial inclusion, allow open access, stimulate permissionless innovation, and open new doors for entrepreneurs and innovators. In this paper, we examine the advantages of decentralised finance, as well as existing business models, obstacles, and limitations. Decentralized finance, as a new area of financial technology, has the potential to transform current finance and provide a new landscape for entrepreneurship and creativity, exhibiting the benefits and drawbacks of decentralised business models

Tencent’s Business Model and Business Strategy

In the competitive practice, a set of practical and unique corporate business models is the key to superiority in the market competition. Nevertheless, since the different perspectives of the researchers, resulting in the lack of unified understanding of the basic concept, structural system, and theoretical scope of business models, the research on enterprise business models has not formed a unified theoretical framework yet. Based on that, to better guide Chinese enterprises in successful enterprise business models, this paper explores the strategies for the design and innovation of enterprise business models, and attempts to provide ideas for the change of existing business models. Through the basic science research of Tencent's official, it could be found that the official operation model is roughly divided into three parts: Internet technology value-added services, mobile communication value-added services, and Internet advertising. The sales market began to be occupied by the official QQ of Tencent, and a large number of visitors were attracted, resulting in a fixed customer base. By maintaining a high number of hits and popularity, further development of other regions was carried out to gain profits. Tencent officials know their customer base well enough to provide them with a satisfactory service, no matter where the customer is. Most of Tencent's official business processes are aimed at the younger demographic. Taking advantage of customers' blind comparisons, curiosity, and other psychology, they deduct specific fees from various Unicom value-added services to gain profits.

On the development of an innovative type of entrepreneurship in the field of waste in Kazakhstan

The aim of the research is to analyze the development opportunities of innovative businesses in the field of waste aiming at the transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to a "green" economy. The following objectives were formulated: developing the approach to the definition of a "green" economy; identifying the problems based on a comprehensive analysis of the waste management sphere of the Republic of Kazakhstan; developing recommendations for the development of a "green" business. The research methodology is based on a systematic analysis of the waste management sphere. The analysis was conducted to identify the potential for the development of a "green" business. As a result of research, it was concluded that the existing business models and waste management systems are inefficient. The results also propose a number of measures to stimulate the development of the waste disposal and recycling business, which will contribute to the "greening" of the economy of Kazakhstan. The relevance of the research is claimed by the fact that an innovative approach to the development of entrepreneurial activity in the field of waste is scientifically justified. By using the example of advanced foreign experience in waste disposal, the expediency of waste recycling to obtain specific types of finished products was depicted. The obtained results can be used in the development of regulatory documents on the problems of waste management, measures to support small and medium-sized businesses in this area; in the practical activities of state bodies and entrepreneurs; in the educational process when teaching the disciplines "Green Economy", "Sustainable Development", "Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship", "Environmental entrepreneurship". Conclusions: It is necessary to strengthen state regulation of the sphere of solid waste, create conditions for the development of innovative businesses for the disposal and recycling of waste, and the use new business models in the activities of waste processing enterprises.

A Case Study of Costco: from Business and Financial Perspective

Costco is one of the four leading retailers in the world, offering customers a wide range of products at low prices and with high quality. As a low-cost leader, Costco still achieved amazing growth despite the impact of the epidemic. The purpose of this paper is to explore the business model and financial analysis of retailer Costco. This paper adopts the method of case study to discuss Costco's existing business model, strategic and competitive advantages and financial indicators. Provides Costco with a detailed analysis of its business activities relative to industry competitors in order to generate profits and maximize shareholder value. Data is collected from multiple secondary sources to ensure the authenticity of the information. In terms of business model, Costco is significantly affected by the macro environment, mainly due to COVID-19. Secondly, with the rapid economic development, online shopping is becoming more and more popular among young people, so the competition is becoming more and more fierce. Costco shows a flexible business model in its financial analysis. This article provides help for corporate managers, other retailers in the industry and researchers.

Hazard Analysis of the German Car Manufacturing Industry and Related Business Eco Systems

Hazards and risks can endanger business systems and corresponding business eco systems (BES) in an existence-threatening way. Different reasons may cause technological changes, but stake holders should have a clear road map and strategy to guide through times of change and consider carefully the consequences. It is a matter of fact, that all industries are driven by changes in technologies, business models, processes, constellations, and systems. An appropriate response is a mandatory requirement for companies to survive. Innovativeness is the basis for competitiveness, profitability and sustainability of companies and corresponding industries. The car manufacturing industry is one of the most important industries in Germany and contributes about 12 percent to German GDP. This industry is a driving force for economic growth, employment and sustainability. This situation is endangered by various hazards and the German auto industry in particular shows strong signals, which indicate a radical technological and structural change. The hazard analysis points out an aggregate of threats and challenges for the business model and corresponding BES of the auto industry in Germany. The underlying thesis of this paper assumes that the existing business model is threatened. The question of research examines the influencing factors on the current business eco systems (BES) in this industry. The hazard analysis will disclose the various and complex impact factors. The transformation of the entire business system is inevitable due to the findings. Methodologically, theoretical, analytical and empirical approaches are used. Research on selected literature aligned at current national and international guidelines leads to a stable basis for the research. Statistical data, topical literature, surveys, and logical conclusions will lead to justified arguments. Keywords: Business system, Business eco system (BES), Car manufacturing industry, STEP-analysis, Hazard analysis JEL Codes: L91, M21, O14

Model Pengembangan Usaha Penangkaran Benih Padi pada UPB Tanete Tani Jaya, Kabupaten Pinrang, Sulawesi Selatan

Indonesia has made various efforts in developing the country's economy, especially in the agricultural sector. The agricultural sector is considered to have an important role in helping to increase the country's foreign exchange. One of the efforts made by the Government in the agricultural sector is to achieve self-sufficiency in rice by providing certified seeds for farmers, especially for rice commodities. This study aimed to develop a business model in the seed breeding business by identifying external and internal factors of the seed breeding business, as well as planning the development of a certified seed breeding project at UPB Tanete Tani Jaya, Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The data collection carried out in this study used an in-depth technique. The analytical tools used are Business Model Canvas (BMC) Analysis, SWOT, and Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) in formulating UPB Tanete Tani Jaya's business development model. Based on the results of the study, showed that there is a need for improvements to the elements of the existing business model at UPB Tanete Tani Jaya. The alternative strategies that can be done to develop a captive business are to focus on elements of key customer segments, channels, and partnerships that customers can expand to serve, optimize the use of social media as promotion and information, add and enhance partnerships made to improve the value proposition, key activities, key resources, revenue streams, and cost structure.

Machine Learning, Convergence Digitalization, and the Concentration of Power: Enslavement by Design Using Techno-Biological Behaviors

The dawn of electronic business (e-business) changed the way that individuals interact not only with one another but also with the companies that supply them with goods and services, as well as with the government agencies on which they depend for welfare and security. We can speak of “digital business” as the (re)design or (re)definition of new or existing business models, and as the creation of increased flows and connectivity between customers and other entities, both internal and external to the business, among other defining features. In this editorial, we explore three interrelated levels of sociological and economic practice—micro, meso, and macro—as they pertain to advances in digital business <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</xref> , with the intention of revealing hidden dynamics and implications resulting from interactions between these levels. At the micro level, we consider the individual user. This can be interpreted as the “self” or the individual level (e.g., a person or person in singular interaction with another). At the meso level, we reflect on technological systems (e.g., information systems, biometrics, and data analysis through machine learning (ML), for the purposes of this article). This level is about groups and how they communicate in building knowledge, with a particular emphasis on what that knowledge means. The groups are made up of organizations, whether business or government agencies, or other collectives. And finally, at the macro level, we consider the societal context inclusive of communities (e.g., local/regional/national or international levels).

Digital Ecosystem as a Model of Efficient and Safe Interaction of Actors in Virtual Space

In the article, the authors emphasize that the formation and development of the digital economy is an inevitable and objective process of society’s transition to a new technological order. To maintain their competitive state, business entities need to transform the existing business model by integrating smart technologies, the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence into its basis. The emergence of new formal and informal institutions should regulate the rules of behaviour of economic agents in the digital economy. To this end, it is necessary to form and develop a legal framework that regulates the relationship between customers and owners of digital platforms. We believe that digital ecosystems will have a certain interest in the new society. Unlike traditional models of interaction between actors, digital ecosystems will create a single information field and a new form of constructive cooperation and coordination between participants in the virtual space. The state should become the initiator of creating this kind of digital ecosystem, which will make it possible to implement the mechanism of reasonable digital protectionism, the purpose of which will be to protect the interests of users and owners of digital platforms in cyberspace.

What Is Coming across the Horizon and How Can We Handle It? Bitcoin Scenarios as a Starting Point for Rigorous and Relevant Research

The disruptive impact of blockchain technologies can be felt across numerous industries as it threatens to disrupt existing business models and economic structures. To better understand this impact, academic researchers regularly apply well-established theories and methods. The vast majority of these approaches are based on multivariate methods that rely on average behavior and treat extreme cases as outliers. However, as recent history has shown, current developments in blockchain and cryptocurrencies are frequently characterized by aberrant behavior and unexpected events that shape individuals’ perceptions, market behavior, and public policymaking. In this paper, I apply various scenario tools to identify such extreme scenarios and illustrate their underlying structure as bundles of interdependent factors. Using the case of Bitcoin, I illustrate that the identification of extreme positive and negative scenarios is complex and heavily depends on underlying economic assumptions. I present three scenarios in which Bitcoin is characterized as a financial savior, as a severe threat to economic stability, or as a substitute to overcome several shortcomings of the existing financial system. The research questions that can be derived from these scenarios bridge behavioral and design science research and provide a fertile ground for impactful future research.

FinTechs and the financial industry: partnerships for success

PurposeThe challenge of innovation and digitalization leads financial institutions and FinTechs to cooperate with each other. Therefore, it becomes more and more important to understand the why of the partnering, as success depends on it. The purpose of this paper is to derive most important common and specific strategic cooperation rationales between financial institutions and FinTechs, which serves as a value adding guideline for both parties.Design/methodology/approachThis study first derives from a literature review the collaborative motives between FinTechs and financial institutions. Based on these findings, eight in-depth and semi-structured interviews with experts were conducted, providing insights as well as grading the motivesFindingsStarting from the FinTech perspective, the most relevant partnership motives were found to be financial return, reputation and credibility. The access primarily drives these motives to additional customer acquisition channels and a reputational quality signaling of the FinTech products or services within the market. On the other hand, the most critical incumbent motives were shown to be customer satisfaction and business model innovation. From a corporate perspective, these motives mainly incorporate the opportunity to challenge, pivot and expand the existing business model while increasing customer satisfaction via additional innovative products or services. Starting from the FinTech perspective, the most relevant partnership motives were found to be financial return, reputation and credibility. The access primarily drives these motives to additional customer acquisition channels and a reputational quality signaling of the FinTech products or services within the market. On the other hand, the most critical incumbent motives were shown to be customer satisfaction and business model innovation. From a corporate perspective, these motives mainly incorporate the opportunity to challenge, pivot and expand the existing business model while increasing customer satisfaction via additional innovative products or services.Research limitations/implicationsFrom a thematical limitation perspective, the interviewee sample size is comparatively moderate-low and the candidates are primarily active on European markets. Therefore, the analyzed motives are limited to European strategic preferences and do not reflect all intercontinental collaboration positions. Further, the strategic collaboration rationale evaluation framework is limited to the financial industry. Thus, this framework cannot be directly applied to other sectors or even further startup segments within the economy.Practical implicationsFrom a practical perspective, this study provides a top-level overview and guideline of the least and most relevant collaboration motives from a FinTech and financial incumbent point of view. It supports both cooperative parties to improve potential strategic partnership negotiation outcomes.Originality/valueIn contrast to the previous, mainly bank-focused partnership research approaches, this study provides broader collaborative insight within the financial industry by gathering interview data from FinTech, insurance, bank and asset management experts. Furthermore, the derived framework has a practical usage in the collaboration process.