Existential Theory Research Articles

Bentuk ketidakadilan gender dan perlawanan tokoh Kinanti dalam novel Layangan Putus (kajian feminisme eksistensialisme Simone de Behaviour)

The purpose of this research is to analyze gender injustice and the form of resistance of Kinanti's character in the novel “Layangan Putus” based on Simone de Behaviour's Existentialism Feminism theory. The approach used in this research is the feminism approach. The auxiliary theory used is Simone de Behaviour's existentialism theory. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. In this research, the type of literature research is used. The data analysis technique in this research focuses on Kinanti's character. The results showed forms of gender injustice and discriminatory behavior towards Kinanti's character. Furthermore, there is resistance from Kinanti's character as a form of existence. The change of thought in Kinanti's character at the beginning of the story, which was deepening religious knowledge to obey the head of the family, became Kinanti, who is currently supporting herself with the title she has. The resistance carried out by the character Kinanti is a form of proof of the injustice she felt during her time as Aris's wife.

RAC-Drawability is ∃ℝ-complete and Related Results

A RAC-drawing of a graph is a straight-line drawing in which every crossing occurs at a right angle. We show that deciding whether a graph has a RAC-drawing is as hard as the existential theory of the reals, even if we know that every edge is involved in at most eleven crossings and even if the drawing is specified up to isomorphism. The problem remains hard if the crossing angles are only required to be very close (doubly-exponentially so) to being right angles. We also show that if a graph has a RAC-drawing in which every edge has at most one bend, then such a drawing can be placed on an integer grid of double-exponential area. This is in contrast to RAC-drawability on the grid which turns out to be as hard as the existential theory of the rationals.

Axiomatizing the existential theory of 𝔽q((t))

Axiomatizing the existential theory of 𝔽q((t))

FORMS OF EXISTENTIAL CRISIS IN HARUKI MURAKAMI’S NORWEGIAN WOOD: TORU WATANABE ANALYSIS

This study will focus on Toru Watanabe's forms of existential crisis reflected in Haruki Murakami's Norwegian Wood (1987). To analyze the existential crisis experienced by Toru Watanabe, Jean-Paul Sartre's theory of existentialism is applied. Furthermore, Butėnaitė-Świtkiewicz’s theory of components of existential crisis is also used to describe the components of existential crisis, namely emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components. This study applies the descriptive qualitative method. In addition, philosophical and psychological approaches are employed in this study due to the fact that this study is concerned with the existentialism in philosophy and existential crisis in psychology. The results of the study show that Toru Watanabe suffers from an existential crisis because of his inability to seek meaning for his existence. His existential crisis is indicated through the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components.

Fate or Fortune: Madame Loisel's Path in 'The Necklace' - A Debate of Destiny versus Choice

This research looks at fate and choice in Guy de Maupassant's "The Necklace" under the prism of existentialism. When Madame Loisel misplaces the pricey diamond necklace she was given to wear to a public function, her private life is completely turned upside down. Madame's conduct and perceptions of her surroundings are examined in this study using existentialist theories to understand her existential ideas about autonomy, freedom, responsibility, and the need for meaning in the world. This study reveals existence-based conceptions of authenticity and self-identity and investigates how her early beliefs in money and social standing will affect her decisions throughout life. This analysis demonstrates how Madame Loisel's tale illustrates the conflict between accepting one's fate and making one's owndecisions. Supplying a more profound comprehension of human nature and existence.

Group Equations With Abelian Predicates

Abstract In this paper, we begin the systematic study of group equations with abelian predicates in the main classes of groups where solving equations is possible. We extend the line of work on word equations with length constraints, and more generally, on extensions of the existential theory of semigroups, to the world of groups. We use interpretability by equations to establish model-theoretic and algebraic conditions, which are sufficient to get undecidability. We apply our results to (non-abelian) right-angled Artin groups and show that the problem of solving equations with abelian predicates is undecidable for these. We obtain the same result for hyperbolic groups whose abelianisation has torsion-free rank at least two. By contrast, we prove that in groups with finite abelianisation, the problem can be reduced to solving equations with recognisable constraints, and so this is decidable in right-angled Coxeter groups, or more generally, graph products of finite groups, as well as hyperbolic groups with finite abelianisation.

The Complexity of Angular Resolution

The angular resolution of a straight-line drawing of a graph is the smallest angle formed by any two edges incident to a vertex. The angular resolution of a graph is the supremum of the angular resolutions of all straight-line drawings of the graph. We show that testing whether a graph has angular resolution at least $\pi/(2k)$ is complete for $\exists\mathbb{R}$, the existential theory of the reals, for every fixed $k \geq 2$. This remains true if the graph is planar and a plane embedding of the graph is fixed.

Fighting Against the Fate in John Green’s The Fault in Our Stars

The paper is about the existential battle of Hazel Grace Lancaster and Augustus in John Green’s The Fault in Our Stars. They show their optimistic behavior against pessimistic situation. There is the feeling of confidence and sense of optimism in the characters against the dark situation of their lives. The main focus of this study is to explore how the characters in the novel embrace sense of optimism despite their terminal illness. In doing so this paper applies, Jean Paul Sartre’s theory of existentialism as the tool of analyses. It mainly revolves around how Hazel chooses life than death despite adverse situation to assert her existence illness.

Düşük Benlik Saygısı ve Varoluşsal Umutsuzluk T.S. Eliot's J. Alfred Prufrock'un Aşk Şarkısı 1919

It is highly believed that modernism brought about various positive aspects to people’s life. However, it should be noted that it has, as well, a number of shortcomings as it caused tremendous change to the deep structure of the society and individuals’ perception of the world. The present work aims to spot light on the issue of social anxiety; its causes and effects on the modern individual through the analysis of T.S Eliot’s poem The love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. The poem exhibits sense of loneliness, worthlessness and meaningless of modern life that results in low-self-esteem and existential despair to individuals. The work adopts Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as a humanistic theory in addition to the existentialist theory to analyse Prufrock’s social despair, low self-esteem, and ineffectiveness. The poem shows that people’s unsatisfactory need to security, love, acceptance and sense of belonging may have destructive effects on people’s self-esteem, sense of existence and worthiness of life.

محمد عاصم بٹ کے ناول "بھید "میں وجودیت

In 20th century existentialism theory introduced in Europe in literature and decided to discuss the relations between individual and universe or creator. In Fiction writers like Albert Camus, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Jean- Paul Sartre, Frannz kaflea etc got fame in this context, specially, the stranger, and crime punishment, Nausea, respectively considered Master pieces. In subcontinent partition is third dilemma in addition to two World Wars. So the Question of existence of man arose after displacement and Continuity of colonialism in different forms. In Urdu Literature fiction writers also took it as subject but only few of them succeeded to apply existentialism theory in novels. Because, the techniques, require for this subject are, not easy. Muhammad Asim Butt influenced by Franz kafks in terms of style and technique. He wrote this novel in an absurdist, unorthodox and bizarre fashion. Apparently, the events described in simple language but between the lines multiple meaning is existed. Butt portrayed a multishade picture of our society. In this article efforts have been made to depict the reality lies in Bhaid.

Online Learning on Hindu Religious Religion and Thoughts During The Covid-19 Pandemic at Elementary School in Abang District, Karangasem District

The online learning system is an alternative learning system implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic with the aim of having regulations guided by teachers and students in elementary schools in Abang District, Karangasem Regency, so that learning can be carried out simultaneously to avoid lost learning. Various regulations issued by the government need joint support and commitment to the successful implementation of the online learning system. It is on this basis that this research was carried out to reveal three main problems, namely how is the online learning system in learning Hindu Religious Education and Budi Pakerti carried out at SD Abang Karangasem District?, what obstacles are faced in learning Hindu Religious Education and Budi Pakerti with the online system in SD Abang Karangasem District? and what are the implications of implementing an online learning system in Hindu Religious Education and Characteristics on the cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects of elementary school students in Abang District, Karangasem Regency? To uncover these three problems, this study was designed as a qualitative research with a qualitative-interpretative approach. Data were collected by observation, interview, and document study techniques. Furthermore, the data were analyzed through interpretive constructivist analysis techniques, namely the construction of individual opinions then compared and a consensus of truth that was relative, subjective, and specific was sought. In the process of analysis, this research relies on constructivist theory, meaningful learning theory, and existentialism theory. Based on the methods and theories, this research concludes as follows. First, the implementation of online learning due to the Covid-19 pandemic, limited availability of online learning components, the existence of regulatory regulations, and avoiding lost learning. Second, the obstacles encountered in implementing the online learning system are the limitations of cellphone devices, quotas for students, regional topography, educational background of parents, and teacher professionalism. Third, the implication of implementing the online system in learning Hindu Religion and Moral Education is that students are less able to take part in online learning so that learning absorption is relatively low from the aspect of student knowledge, aspects of student attitudes become less disciplined, lack ethics, and courtesy, mastery of supporting skills is very limited , learning achievement decreased. This research found important facts related to the online learning system which included a circulating correlation between school infrastructure, geographical location, and the mindsets of implementers and policy makers. Theoretically, it was found that the concepts and theories used in this study correspond to the facts in the field, so that they can be flexibly affirmed in certain aspects as needed. The online learning system at SD Abang District, Karangasem Regency makes a positive contribution in avoiding lost learning.

FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) Among Youth Viewed From Herbert Marcuse’s Perspective

Following the trend seems to be a benchmark for teenagers in determining the extent of their level of association. To be recognized as slang teenagers, they are not infrequently willing to leave their identity. Excessive anxiety arises when he feels left behind with precious moments that are worldly. This condition is then associated with self-esteem and self-confidence, especially those involving peers. The focus of the study in this research is the behavior of FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) in adolescents viewed from the existentialism of Herbert Marcuse to gain an understanding of the ethics behind the anxiety experienced by adolescents. This research is (Library Research) using several sources such as books, journals and the internet. The methods used include descriptive, analytical, and interpretive methods to connect existentialism theory with contemporary problems. From the results of the study, it was found that concerns about other people's judgments and good relations with their peers made teenagers lose their original self-identity. The emergence of anxiety that leads to an attitude of insecurity begins to appear when a teenager does not know himself as a whole. Generally, feelings of anxiety in adolescents are related to uploads on social media. Through his analysis, Herbert Marcuse, an existentialist figure, sees the characteristics of a one-dimensional society that can be related to the FoMO phenomenon among teenagers, namely about false needs and images. Adolescents with FoMO tendencies have difficulty in interpreting themselves in substance. They mostly get stuck at the level of form and follow other people. The orientation of free human beings has deviated far from the order of life. So there needs to be a revolution of thought so that teenagers can better understand how to behave, not just follow trends . Keywords : FoMO, youth, social media, Herbert Marcuse, Marxism

Absurdity of Human Existence in Albee’s Drama <em>Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?</em>

This research paper aims to analyze how Edward Albee's characters in his drama, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? live their absurd or meaningless lives. Through this paper, I have attempted to reveal the existential absurdity of human life in modern society using the literary theory of Existentialism. This research paper is a qualitative study of Albee's drama based on existential philosophers' literary theories: Sartre, Camus, and Beauvoir. The drama is employed as a primary source, and existential theory has been used to explain the characters' roles. This research paper finds that the two major characters in this drama, Martha and George, are trying to figure out who they are. They wish to have their own child in the future, but they cannot do it. As a result, they create an imaginary son to satisfy their desire for a baby. The conclusion of this paper is that Albee's characters, just as everyone in the real world, want their own issue that makes their life meaningful. The major characters in this drama want their own issue to run their dynasty forever. Therefore, they are looking for their identity in this modern world, but they are living their absurd lives.

Para uma Espiritualidade Cristã Personalista da «Identidade de Género»: Conciliação dos Modelos Essencialista e Existencialista

Since antiquity, there have been different philosophical and scientific theories about erotic desire and sexual experience. In this work, we will identify the metaphysics of sexuality in the Judeo-Christian perspective of creation and in the irrationalist perspective of Schopenhauer’s atheistic pessimism. Christian theology sacralizes heterosexuality, rejecting the Gnostic antagonism between matter and spirit. In dialogue with contemporary feminist movements, we will try to present the different rational models that justify sexual differentiation and gender identity. We will develop an empathetic and non-homophobic dialogue with constructivist and existentialist theories that separate gender difference from the deterministic biologism of sexual difference. We will seek to verify the contribution of Christian personalist models to a spirituality of gender identity that reconciles culturalist theses and essentialist theses in the intelligibility of gender identity.

The existential paradigm of F. Tyutchev's creativity in the context of philosophical and aesthetic research of the first half of the XIX century

The article examines the work of F. Tyutchev in the light of aesthetic phenomena of Russian literature of the XIX century. A comparison of the works of Tyutchev and lyubomudrov is made. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the generation of creators to which Tyutchev and Lyubomudry belonged has developed a kind of type of Russian philosophy, whose specificity consists in the fact that it is expressed through art, and primarily through literature. Tyutchev's poetry reveals a number of unique existential-philosophical concepts: the prerequisites of the borderline situation described in the existential theories of K. Jaspers in the twentieth century, as well as analogies with reflections on the death of the founder of the religious trend of existentialism – S. Kierkegaard. The author of the article concludes that Russian philosophical thought tends to be expressed through the language of art, in particular, the language of poetry. Tyutchev and the Moscow idealists create a new type of hero – thinker. He is faced with such existential problems as the place of man in the universe, the meaning of human life, understanding of the psyche and human feelings. He asks questions about the higher powers that rule the world. He faces "damned problems" that will worry Russian writers of the second half of the XIX century. It was poetic thought that contributed to the development of such a great psychologism in the second half of the XIX century.

Siddhartha as a Journey of Self-Discovery

This paper deals with the protagonist, Siddhartha’s dissatisfaction with his life, mental turmoil, inquisitiveness in knowing his existence and his quest for self-Discovery in the novel Siddhartha. This novel was written by Hermann Hesse and was published in 1922. It was his masterpiece, which shows his journey to the East, the influence of Buddhist philosophy upon him and his autobiographical elements that pave a way for one’s journey to Spiritual knowledge in this physical world. As the novel was written in the First World War years, the search for spiritualism would naturally be the interest of most of Europeans who found Europe devoid of it. So, Hess made his journey to the East (India) in quest of spiritualism as the protagonist of the novel does. One major objective of the research work is to explore different factors that enable Siddhartha to discover his self. Why Siddhartha is in search of self is the research question. Siddharth is in search of self since he is not happy and satisfied with love of his parents and friend and finds his life meaningless and devoid of freedom. Like the writer, Siddhartha comes across a lot of illusions that human beings encounter in their daily life. He passes through multiple vicissitudes and experiences in his life through sufferings and salvation. His such self-actualization with social life and nature ultimately leads him to attain nirvana. Thus, his quest for self-discovery indicates elements of autobiographical elements, existentialism, and self-actualizing tendency which is based on Carl Rogers’ humanistic psychology. As for the theoretical modality, Jean-Paul Sartre’s theory of Existentialism is applied to explore Siddhartha’s search for self, which is like Europeans’ search for self due to devastation made by world war and Siddhartha Guatam’s search for self due to his dissatisfaction with the world.

Quest for Authentic Existence in Marleen Gorris’s Movie Mrs. Dalloway

The paper attempts to make a cinematographic study of Marleen Gorris’s film Mrs. Dalloway, the screen adaptation of the popular novel Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf through the perspective of Existentialism introduced by Jean Paul Sartre. The movie by Gorris seems to be a love story but it also portrays the existential quest of the protagonist for the meaningful life or for the authentic existence. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, in the society of England, Clarissa determines herself to choose a life of her own choice for which she has to face many objections, but her courage to go beyond that and make own choice of life is the main purpose discussed here. This research is studied through cinematographic analytic way, which is drawn upon the concept of authentic existence relating to the theory of Existentialism. This study comes to the conclusion that to live the meaningful life or to lead a life of meaningful existence Clarissa puts her love behind, and marries Richard for her own authentic sake.

Vínculos e limites do Existencialismo sartriano na teoria das ciências humanas de Frantz Fanon.

This paper aims to conduct a careful reading of the text Black Skin, White Masks (1952) by the philosopher Frantz Fanon (1925-1961), which has been discussed within Pan-African studies and post-colonial theories. In this paper we will make a detailed analysis of the relations that the Martinican thinker had with another French thinker named Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980), who even wrote the preface to another text by Fanon entitled The Damned of the Earth (1961). Fanon was strongly influenced by Sartre's existentialist theory as disseminated in Europe in the 20th century, with the philosophical work Being and Nothingness: Essays on phenomenological ontology (1943) as a reference text. The meaning that we will give to this writing is not to be confused with a Sartrian reading of Fanon. On the contrary, we will try to expose Fanon's appropriation of the existentialist theory and, if possible, to point out the limits of the theory indicated by the Martinican thinker, especially when it comes to the studies of the "colored man". Therefore, it is under the horizon of a theory of human sciences that has the purpose of "disalienating the black man" that we will investigate the way Fanon uses and criticizes Sartre's theory throughout his work Black Skin, White Masks.

The Diophantine problem for rings of exponential polynomials

One of the main open problems regarding decidability of the existential theory of rings is the analogue of Hilbert's Tenth Problem (HTP) for the ring of entire holomorphic functions in one variable. In the direction of a negative solution, we prove unsolvability of HTP for rings of exponential polynomials. This provides the first known case of HTP for a ring of entire holomorphic functions in one variable strictly containing the polynomials. The technique of proof consists of an interaction between Arithmetic, Analysis, Logic, and Functional Transcendence.

Meaning, will to meaning, and Frankl’s existential psychiatry

ABSTRACT Recent decades have witnessed a growing interest in the topic of a meaningful life among philosophers, psychologists, and the general public. Yet despite this interest, the thinker who is perhaps most closely associated with meaning and mental health, the Austrian psychiatrist Viktor Frankl, has been largely overlooked by academic researchers. This article offers some redress to this situation by exploring the status of his central idea, the Will to Meaning, by locating it within contemporary philosophical discussions of Meaning in Life, and examining the coherence of the difference elements of Frankl’s published works. A combination of biographical, historical and philosophical analysis, including reference to the thinkers who helped his ideas, such as Kierkegaard and Scheler, provides a constructively critical account of Frankl’s existential theory of meaning. It is suggested that Frankl’s theory, with amendments, provides a useful contribution to contemporary discussions in the field.