Existential Process Research Articles

An Analysis of the Conceptual Function of Facing the Sea with Spring Blossoms

Since Facing the Sea with Spring Blossoms has attracted widespread attention, many scholars have formed four interpretations from various perspectives, namely: the poem conveys the love of life and the pursuit of happiness; the poem is a deathbed poem, expressing the poet's despair of earthly life; the poet is a sad and bitter soul in pursuit of happiness; the poem is the poet's choice between “existence or destruction.” Poetry is the poet's choice between "existence or destruction," and he finally chooses to give up earthly happiness. Systemic functional grammar was founded by Halliday, who believed that language has three meta-functions: conceptual function, communicative function, and textual function, which are linked to the transitivity system, mood system, and thematic system. Since its inception, Systemic Functional Grammar has been applied to many text analyses, demonstrating its powerful interpretative power. Guided by this theory, the author conducted a conceptual-functional analysis of Facing the Sea with Spring Blossoms and found that there are 25 processes in the poem, including nine material processes, five mental processes, six relational processes, three verbal processes, and two existential processes. The author analyzed the three types of processes that are more typical in this poem and drew the following conclusions: first, happiness is an important theme for the poet; second, the poem is opened by me (the poet) choosing between two kinds of happiness; third, the poet finally chooses non-earthly happiness, i.e., “I only wish to face the sea, with spring blossoms.”

The Transitivity of Jungkook Song Lyrics “Hate You”

A song is a series of poems that have a certain meaning. Through a song, listeners can feel different emotions. In a song, songwriters usually include their feelings into the lyrics, so that listeners can understand the meaning of the song. However, it is not uncommon for people to just listen to a song without understanding the meaning of the song. Therefore, this research discusses the transitivity system type process in Jungkook's song lyrics. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The purpose of this research is to find out the most dominating type of transitivity process in the song "Hate You" by Jungkook BTS. The data used in this research are Jungkook's song lyrics. Based on the study results, 31 transitivity processes were identified in the lyrics of the song "Hate You" by Jungkook. The most widely used transitivity in Jungkook's song lyrics is the mental process consisting of affective, cognitive, and perceptive. They were followed by the material process as the second largest process with 8 data points. Then, in the third position, is the existential process with five data points. Furthermore, the behavioral process occupies the 4th position with 2 data points. And finally, there is one verbal process data. This shows that the theme raised in a song will affect the purpose of its transitivity.

Existential Therapies and the Extended Evolutionary Meta-Model: Turning Existential Philosophy into Process-Based Therapy

This article reviews the central theoretical claims found in the various psychotherapeutic approaches broadly referred to as the existential therapies. Despite substantial differences across existential packages, these therapies broadly arise from the theoretical position that the pain and suffering common to our species arises, not from illnesses hypothesized in traditional medical and psychiatric accounts, but rather from a set of existential concerns that all humans must face. These ‘givens’ of existence include death, identity, isolation, meaning, and freedom. From this theoretical perspective, all branches and brands of psychotherapy need to include some procedures to address these issues. Evidence for the importance of these constructs in human experience is presented, followed by evidence for existential therapies themselves. A dearth of quality research trials establishing a strong evidence base for this branch of therapy was noted. Further, process-based research in this area was shown to be weak. That is, few researchers have sought to show that the hypothesized processes are responsible for the changes observed in existential therapy. We describe how viewing existential therapy through a Process-Based Therapy (PBT) framework and the Extended Evolutionary Meta-Model (EEMM) will encourage: (1) a greater examination of the processes of change occurring; (2) an expansion in the way in which existential therapies operate, enabling the inclusion of procedures drawn from other therapeutic modalities; and (3) more nuanced targeting of existential processes in any given case.

Use of Language By generative AI Tools in Mathematical Problem Solving: The Case of ChatGPT

Texts generated by artificial intelligence agents have been suggested as tools supporting students’ learning. The present research analyses the language of texts generated by ChatGPT when solving mathematical problems related to the quadratic equation. We use the functional grammar theoretical framework that includes three meta-functions: the ideational meta-function, the interpersonal meta-function and the textual meta-function. The results indicated that in at least one of six problem-solving tasks ChatGPT provided a mathematically incorrect answer. The processes appearing in ChatGPT texts, aiming at developing students’ understanding of mathematical concepts, included verbal, mental, existential, relational and behavioural processes but no material processes. Specifically, ChatGPT performed a mathematically incorrect existential process. ChatGPT generally used the first plural pronoun ‘we’ when describing the processes of solving mathematical problems, while it generally used the first-person singular pronoun when taking responsibility for a specific mistake or when expressing happiness for the actions of the user. Moreover, generally the text of the solution did not include direct imperatives but used ‘let us do’. The advancement of the ChatGPT textual solution was made usually through steps like ‘first’, ‘second’, etc. The research results indicated that the way ChatGPT responded to the mathematical problems would be useful in supporting learners’ understanding of ways to solve quadratic equations, but only if the teacher critically accompanies the student in the problem-solving process. Self-study with ChatGPT could lead to or confirm students’ mathematical misconceptions.

A Comparative Study of China's Ecological Image Constructed by Chinese and British Media Discourse on the Belt and Road Initiative in 2023 Based on Transitivity System

The paper adopts a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods to compare China’s ecological image constructed in the Belt and Road Initiative Reports in 2023 between China Daily and Reuters. It finds that China Daily's news reports on the Belt and Road involve material processes (59.8%)> verbal processes (19.5%) >mental processes (12.6%)>relational processes (6.6%)> existential processes (1.5%). Reuters’ news reports on the Belt and Road involve material processes (52.1%)>verbal processes (26.1%)>relational processes (16.1%), existential processes (3.8%)>mental processes (1.9%). The use of transitivity in the China Daily constructs an ecological image that is committed to rejecting political struggles, and pursuing peaceful and green development. In contrast, Reuters’s use of transitivity constructs an ecological image that pursues green development, but with an arrogant posture. The reason for the difference is that China Daily is influenced by the Chinese government’s ideology and political aims, while Reuters is influenced by Western values and strategic considerations of China's threat.

Principles of Working with Existential Requests of Clients of Different Ages Using the Example of the Method of Transformational-Integrative Generation of Development

The article examines the essence and main issues of existential choice. Describes the specifics of transformational games (t-games) as an existential process; their psychological content and functional significance are revealed and justified. Based on the limitations in working with the existential needs of clients is revealed. Using the example of the method of transformation-integration generation of development, the principles of t-game work with clients’ existential requests are substantiated. The methodology of nonclassical psychology by G. S. Prygina is proposed as a methodological basis. Examples are given from the practice of working with different existential queries by clients of different ages. It is concluded that the t-game is not a toy, which is why it is important to introduce certification criteria for both leading and the tools themselves. Options for researching the possibilities of t-games and the subjective reality that opens up in them are proposed.

Interactional and convivial possibilities at war: Ukrainian students’ home-making on a multicultural campus

This article examines Ukrainian students’ home-making at London’s multilingual and multicultural universities, contrasting the ways in which students’ idea of themselves and their sense of belonging developed after their arrival in London, and the ways in which this experience was altered by the outbreak of war on 24 February 2022. For international students in the UK, making themselves at home on a university campus is a relational process in which cultural, linguistic and political ideas and practices, brought together from the students’ former homes, are negotiated and transcended in newly established social networks. In this article, we explore the ways in which students’ networks, old and new, are altered as a result of their experience of war. Our findings indicate that when imagined personal life trajectories are disrupted as a result of the social and political crisis that accompanies the war, the possibilities of articulating the individual experience and the social interactions that provide such affordances are existential processes, which allow (or not) individuals to (re-)engage in home-making and to find new meaning in their emplacement and sense of self.

Revealing the Ideology of Documentary Film Dirty Vote: Critical Discourse Analysis with Transitivity Perspective

The Dirty Vote documentary movie attempted to depict the ambiance of Indonesia’s general election. Movies inherently reflect the viewpoints and ideology of particular groups; therefore, it led us to research the film further by using Critical Discourse Analysis. Film as one of the discourses has its linguistics characteristic which brings the ideological orientations. This research aims to reveal the ideology of Dirty Vote from transitivity perspective. Transitivity is the ideational function that can show what happens in a text as it is related to a series of context in which participants, processes, and circumstance must be used in a discourse. In addition, this research uses Fairclough›s Critical Discourse Analysis to reveal ideological assumptions in discourse. The data is taken from the utterance of one of the constitutional law experts, namely Zainal Arifin Mochtar (ZAM). Fairclough›s CDA model: description, interpretation and explanation are used to analyze the data. This study found that the processes in opening of the film are relational attributive process, material process and behavioral process. Meanwhile, the processes perceived in the content of the movie are material, relational attributive, relational identifying, behavioral, verbal, mental, and existential process. The transitivity analysis in the film produces representation of general election reflected in the ZAM’s speech and create the ideology of the film.

Perceptions of death and preparations for afterlife among older adults: The role of social workers in Lagos, Nigeria

This paper explores death and afterlife beliefs on human existence, focusing on the human awareness of mortality and the role of religion in providing explanations for the afterlife. It delves into the perceptions of death and preparations for the afterlife among older adults in the Kosofe local government area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Emphasis on the involvement of social workers in supporting them through this existential process was brought to the fore. The study aims to understand the interplay of cultural, religious, and social factors that shape the perspectives of older adults regarding death and their preparations for the afterlife. It also seeks to identify the challenges encountered by them. This paper is anchored on the strength of Kübler-Ross's stages of grief theory. The qualitative research approach employed in this study provides a nuanced understanding of the participants' experiences. Findings show that adherence to religious doctrines is a key preparatory strategy for the afterlife. The study contributes to a deeper comprehension of how beliefs about death and the afterlife shape the experiences of older adults, offering insights for social work practice in supporting them through this life transition.

Analysis of Media-Shaped Role Models from the Perspective of Transitivity: A Case Study of Rongzhi Lao Criminal Cases

News reporting is the carrier of ideology and culture. Although the media claims to be impartial, objective and neutral, they necessarily reflect a certain stance. The media usually constructs characters directly or indirectly in news reports so as to change the audience’s perception of the events. Taking the news headlines related to Rongzhi Lao from thepaper as the data, this paper analyzed the role models of Rongzhi Lao shaped by the media from the perspective of transitivity by using the UAM corpus tool and Python. The result shows that (1) in the news headlines related to Rongzhi Lao from thepaper as the data, the material process accounts for the largest proportion, followed by the relational process, mental process, verbal process, and existential process; (2) through the five processes, Rongzhi Lao is constructed as a guilty person who is good at evading his responsibilities and disguising but does not regret committing felonies on his initiative. This paper gives us insight to clarify the purpose of media news reporting by understanding how the media constructs characters.

Unlocking Coldplay’s Lyric Paradise and Higher Power: An Experiential Meta-function Analysis for Enhanced Communication

The aim of the research is to understand how the lyrics in these songs convey emotions and ideas. Meta-function analysis provides insight into how language is used in real-world communication. This study focuses on analyzing the songs ‘Paradise’ and Higher Power’ by the band Coldplay. It utilizes a method called Experiential Meta-Function Analysis (EMA) to dissect how the lyrics of these songs express and convey ideas. Through a careful analysis, common themes in their songs, such as societal issues, spiritual sentiments, and emotional challenges, are identified. The analysis reveals a collective count of 21 clauses distributed in "Paradise" with 15 independent clauses and 6 dependent clauses and there is a collective amount of 32 clauses in "Higher Power," with 25 independent clauses and 7 dependent clauses. From the table above, it is evident that there are a total of 51 processes across the songs. Notably, material processes constitute the majority, accounting for 47.6% in "Paradise" and 36.6% in "Higher Power". Relational processes rank second, representing 9.2% in "Paradise" and 33.3% in "Higher Power". Existential processes are the least utilized in both lyrics. Overall, the strategic use of processes in both "Paradise" and "Higher Power" allows Coldplay to effectively convey their messages while evoking profound emotional responses from listeners. Through a combination of actions, states of being, and sensory experiences, the songs create immersive narratives that resonate deeply with audiences, encouraging introspection, connection, and empowerment. Ultimately, the research highlights the symbiotic relationship between language and music, emphasizing their collective ability to evoke profound emotional responses and foster understanding. This investigation contributes to a deeper comprehension of why popular music holds significant meaning for listeners.

An Analysis of Transitivity System Written by English Department Students

The research was conducted to identify the process types of transitivity systems used in the narrative texts written by English Department Students and to determine which process type of transitivity systems is used dominantly. This research was descriptive qualitative research on descriptive analysis. The research participants were students of the English Department. This research uses three research instruments, namely the researcher himself, narrative document files, and distribution sheet of process types. In collecting the data, the researcher used the documentation method and purposive sample technique to select the data. The data analysis was done with transitivity system analysis, adapted from the lecture of the Functional Grammar course, and then several steps based on thematic coding by Braune & Clark, were applied. The triangulation technique was used to get the dependability of the data through re-checking and expert judgment. The research found that the six process types in each text of the six narratives that were the data sample were not evenly used. Three process types, behavioral, verbal, and existential, are only used in several narrative texts written by English Department Students. Moreover, the six process types of transitivity system are realized in narrative texts written by English Department Students overall. The most dominant process is the material process, which occurs 155 times out of the 346 processes that emerged, followed by behavioral processes (8 or 2.31%), mental processes (100 or 28.90%), verbal processes (5 or 1.44%), relational processes (76 or 21.96%), and existential processes (2 or 0.58%).

Transitivity Process in Sia’s Selected Songs Lyrics

The focus of this research is to find the usage of the transitivity processes in SIA’s selected song lyrics. This research is descriptive qualitative research. This study attempts to identify and investigate transitivity mechanisms that are employed in the SIA’s selected song lyrics. The source data of this research are the five selected song lyrics of SIA. Meanwhile, the data of this research are the clauses that used transitivity processes in SIA’s selected song lyrics. The interactive model is used to analyze the research's data. The results show that five of SIA’s song lyrics contain all six categories of transitivity processes, which include mental, relational, material, verbal, behavioral, and existential processes. From the six types of transitivity processes that are found, the material process is dominantly used in SIA’s selected song lyrics. It suggests a connection between the physical activity that occurs in the social phenomenon and the lyrics of the songs chosen by SIA. In order to fully comprehend the song's meaning, readers should be aware of transitivity processes. Along with that, it also benefits the songwriter by giving them more freedom to craft lyrics with a variety of language.

A Multimodal Grammar Study of Film Adaptations of Traditional Literature in the Information Age

Abstract By analyzing the multimodal grammar of films, the deeper concepts that the designers want to express can be better conveyed to the audience, and the expectations of the moviegoers can be enhanced. Therefore, based on the analysis of the classic Zhang Delu’s comprehensive theory of multimodal discourse, the article proposes the multimodal discourse analysis framework used in this paper to explore the ideologies implied in the text and images of movie subtitles and the images they construct and the inspirational meanings they draw from. It is found that among the 150 clauses in the corpus analysis, 28% are material processes, 22% are mental processes, 12% are verbal processes, 14.67% are relational processes, 17.33% are behavioral processes, and 4.67% are existential processes. Through multimodal grammar analysis, the discourse tendencies of the traditional culture-adapted movie can be effectively grasped.

Types of Grammatical Elements in Indonesian ELT Textbook: SFL Perspective

Transitivity analysis is used to study news, reading, speeches, and other discourses. However, recent textbooks on grammatical element participants and processes have little transitivity analysis research. Teachers who understand transitivity analysis can help students understand grammar and improve their oral and written communication skills by developing grammar and using proper teaching methods to teach about sentence subjects and predicates. This study seeks to identify the transitivity participants and processes that define grammatical elements in English for Nusantara for Grade 7. This study employed a textbook for qualitative content analysis. Subsequently, Halliday and Matthiessen's (2014) transitivity analysis is applied to the data. The types of participants found in this study were carrier (93 words), actor (79 words), senser (29 words), token (18 words), sayer (17 words), and behaver (8 words). Additionally, the relational processes (112 words) include attributing (94 words) and identifying (18 words), material processes (111 words), mental processes (32 words), verbal processes (18 words), existential processes (8 words), and behavioral processes (7 words). This study suggests that teachers employ transitivity to create activities and strategies to help students learn English grammar. It should assist students meet Merdeka Belajar curriculum goals, including speaking and writing English well. Keywords: Grammatical Elements, English Textbook, Systemic Functional Linguistics, Transitivity

How to be reflexive: Foucault, ethics and writing qualitative research as a technology of the self

ABSTRACT This paper explores reflexivity in qualitative research, challenging conventional perspectives that revolve around the binary of ‘insider’ and ‘outsider’ positioning. While traditionally reflexivity has been understood through the lens of a researcher's socio-historical positionality, we argue for a more dynamic understanding, emphasizing that academic self-formation is an ongoing process of self-creation. Drawing inspiration from the ancient Akadēmía, where writing was a method of self-reflection, we recontextualize reflexive qualitative writing, aligning it with Foucault's interpretations of Ancient Greek and Renaissance concepts. We posit that writing, especially in doctoral research, is not just a tool for communication but a means of self-formation. This perspective redefines reflexivity as a transformative intellectual and existential process. The paper critically examines the prevailing insider/outsider binary in the research literature, suggesting that researcher identities are fluid and constantly shaped by interactions. By integrating Foucault's later work on ethics, we explore the ethical dimensions of reflexivity and the formation of the ethical subject. Ultimately, this paper contributes to the academic discourse on reflexivity, offering a more fluid, transformative view of the doctoral process and reflexive writing in qualitative research.

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS: DONALD TRUMP SPEECH BROUGHT THE U.S. TO PANDEMIC PREVENTION FAILURE

This research focuses on Donald trump’s speech on preventing COVID-19 at White House Conference on May 18, 2020. His speech was about the suggestion on taking hydroxychloroquine which known as an anti-malaria. The method used in this research is mix method, as the data displayed using description and numbers and the analysis data of this research uses critical discourse theory by Fairclough, and meta function within systematic functional linguistic proposed as the tool to scrutinized the object of the research through transitivity analysis, modality analysis, and textual analysis. As for the result of the research shown that (1)the most process used by trump is material process; (2)mental process, in which becomes the reason of the audience has unconsciously followed the irresponsible suggestion by Trump; (3)modality analysis shows that Trump rarely used modal verb; (4) textual analysis shows that Donald Trump’s speech has been delivered coherently and transitivity analysis found two the new process forms, both processes are existential process + relational process and relational process + existential process.

An Analysis of The English Transitivity Process of Prabowo Speech at Forum IISS

This study aims to discover the transitivity process realized in Prabowo’s speech at the IISS forum in Manama Dialogue 2021. This study used descriptive qualitative research with the subject Prabowo Subianto speech at the forum IISS in Manama Dialogue 2021. Source data was analysed through Systemic Functional Linguistics Theory. There are six types of transitivity processes they are material process, mental process, relational process, verbal process, behavioural process, and existential process. It is found that the result of each process in Prabowo's speech at the forum IISS in Manama Dialogue 2021, the material process is 70 clauses, the mental process is 30 clauses, the relational process is 46 clauses, the verbal process is 14 clauses, behavioural process are two clauses. The last is the existential process, which is seven clauses. If you add up all the clauses that have been analysed, there are 169 clauses. Based on the result of the study, the dominant process used in Prabowo’s speech at forum IISS in Manama Dialogue 2021 is a material process which process occurs 70 times, or there are 70 clauses in Prabowo’s Speech because Prabowo’s speech realized that clause found more clauses which refers of construing doing and happening that related to the material process.

Ideational Metaphor in Saudi EFL Students’ Academic Writing: A Systemic-Functional Linguistic Analysis

Over the past decade, there has been an upsurge in studies on the quality of EFL students' English academic writing. However, research on grammatical metaphors in academic writing by EFL students is limited. As such, the purpose of this research is to identify the occurrences of ideational metaphors in students' academic writing essays. In this research, the qualitative descriptive approach was applied. This study included 20 undergraduate students from the English Language and Literature Department at the College of Science and Humanities in Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia, Essay Writing course in the fourth level. Students were to write 350-word essay on the subject of "Learning Difficulties During the Coronavirus Pandemic". The data corpus for the study totals 8,482 words. According to the findings, the students' essays include 408 sentences that comprise the ideational metaphor. It is considered insignificant in contrast to the corpus's full data set of 8,482 words. The occurrence of ideational metaphors is dominated by material processes, followed by mental processes, relational processes, behavioral processes, and existential processes. This conclusion shows that EFL students' essay structures are unlikely to have a high number of good grammatical metaphor clauses. For EFL students, lecturers, teachers, and other educational professionals involved in instructing English academic writing, this study has pedagogical implications; it sheds light on how grammatical metaphors in writing texts can serve as a stand-in for the caliber of writing used in academic and scientific literature.

Nadiem Makarim’s Speech in the Freedom of Learning Series: Critical Discourse Analysis of Social Situations and Ideology

This research aims to (1) Explain the transitivity system in Nadiem Makarim speech, (2) Explains the ideology reflected in the speech text. The main character's speech at this time is frequent used as topic study in study Language. A number of study cross disciplinary appear along development role And definition The proposed transitivity system Halliday is an analytical tool for analyzing linguistic data that has been used by Fairclough in his theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis. Based on the purpose of describing the transitivity system and Nadiem Makarim's speech ideology, this research can be categorized as descriptive research. Research result shows the six processes used by Nadiem Makarim in representing his experience, viz material processes, mental processes, relational processes, verbal processes, behavioral processes (behavioral), existential processes. The process that is often used by Nadiema Makarim is the material process followed by the relational process and mental processes. In expressing his ideas, Nadiem Makarim uses a lot of material processes as well show in principle that more Good Act than only just speak. Nadeim Makarim delivered his speech on National Teacher's Day in 2019. And then continued with Nadiem Makarim's speech at the 2020 HGN in the midst of the pandemic.