Existential Characteristics Research Articles

Existential Characteristics in Ta Duy Anh’s Works and The Ideological Influence of Franz Kafka

Existential Characteristics in Ta Duy Anh’s Works and The Ideological Influence of Franz Kafka

Anxiety, Hope and Meaning in Times of Ecological Crisis: An Existential-Phenomenological Perspective on Environmental Emotions

AbstractEnvironmental anxiety is often thought of as a psychopathological condition. Our paper aims to challenge this narrow understanding by offering an existential-phenomenological interpretation of environmental anxiety that posits it as an existential attunement with a transformative potential, capable of opening the anxious individual to a hopeful and meaningful outlook on the future. In the first part of the paper, we provide a conceptual analysis of environmental anxiety, drawing on current interdisciplinary taxonomies of environmental emotions as well as on existential-phenomenological definitions of anxiety. We then proceed to define the two key existential characteristics of environmental anxiety, firstly (i) its ability to reframe the aesthetic perception of nature, and secondly (ii) its impact on the subjective constitution of meaning. In the second part of the paper, drawing on the work of Kierkegaard and contemporary ecopsychological and ecotheological thinkers, a distinction is made between a naïve and a radical form of environmental hope. It is argued that while the former type of hope leads to inactivity, the latter is capable of motivating individuals to pro-environmental action.

Стратегия ресентимента в эпоху онтологической неопределенности

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of ressentiment, which has aroused interest in a number of humanities in connection with new interpretations of the crisis state of society. The socio-philosophical analysis of the strategy of ressentiment as an existential modus actualized in the era of ontological uncertainty is carried out. The subject of the study is the strategy of ressentiment, as a form of unexpressed feelings of hostility, vindictiveness, latent hatred and impotent envy that can reconcile an individual with the existing reality. The aim of the article is the philosophical analysis of this phenomenon and the definition of new facets, including the existential experience of the subject, aimed at accumulating destructive emotions that form the victim complex. The methodological basis of the study was the elements of historical and philosophical reconstruction, as well as the methods of hermeneutical and psychoanalytic analysis. Such a synthesis of approaches allows us to consider ressentiment from the perspective of its ontological and existential characteristics, and not only as a “fatal” strategy in the period of ontological crisis. Uncertainty in human existence becomes an increasingly relevant component of existential dread and, as a consequence, manifests itself in various forms of marginality. Thus, ressentiment, as an unhealthy form of aggression that generates impotence, becomes an urgent topic of philosophical reflection again. The authors conclude that overcoming the strategy of ressentiment is a worldview problem, where the revision of modern values is the most important step towards its solution.

LINGUACULTURAL PECULIARITIES OF THE CONCEPT “HAPPINESS” IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

In modern linguistics, there are no cases of comprehensive study of concepts, that is, the study of both theoretical and practical aspects. Thus, it is not an easy task to determine the ways of lexical expression of a certain concept. The purpose of this article is to identify stereotypes related to the concept of happiness in the linguistic culture of the Uzbek and English languages, to study the linguistic space, as well as to analyze some literary sources. This article is devoted to the linguacultural aspects of concept “happiness” in modern English and Uzbek languages. Furthermore, it is analyzed both as common value of humankind as well as cultural specify of some nation. Attitude to happiness allows revealing the existential characteristics, norms, traditions of different social groups, since a different interpretation of happiness within the framework of different cultures reveals their ethnos cultural specificity and perception of the world and people.

ФотограФии Эжена Атже как выражение предметности архитектуры: отель БовЭ

The article compares the representation of architecture in French and Russian academic art history, on the one hand, and in Eugène Atget’s photographs, on the other. The starting point for the art historical descriptions is Jacques-François Blondel’s analysis, supported by Jean Marot’s drawings. The choice of characteristics analyzed by Blondel and later researchers reflects the schematism in the understanding of architecture, its distance from the human being, and its lack of existential characteristics. This representation finds correspondence in the illustrative material — in the preference for drawings, plans, frontal point of view, and the absence of the human being in it. Atget’s images, due to the personal characteristics of their author, as well as of photography as an art form in general, reflected those characteristics of architecture which art historians overlooked, and which are related to its fundamental immersiveness and inseparable connection with the human lifeworld. Atget achieves this effect with the help of complex angles, naturalness of visual coverage, and seriality of photographs. “Unadorned” pictures of old buildings correspond to the naturalness of their aging, to actual and potential ruin as an important characteristic of architecture. On the basis of the analysis, the conclusion is reached about the need to revise the subject of architectural studies in the direction of its greater multidimensionality, inseparability from the human being, dynamism and uncertainty.

Путешествие как категория философии транспорта

This article deals with the challenge of travel as a category of the philosophy of transport in the unity of its ontological, epistemological, social and existential characteristics. Travel has its own ontology: this is a kind of beingness, defined as being-on-the-move. A trip becomes a travel through the reflection of an individual going on the trip. Travel has epistemological potential, it activates the cognitive activity of a person, creates new meanings and value paradigms. Travel is a social value as a means of transforming habitual social roles, destroying stereotypes, educating the ability to dialogue and tolerance towards the Otherness. The travel is not only a cross border process, but rather a transcultural one. The purpose, meaning, and result of a travel may be not just the change of a cultural picture, but of the entire cultural paradigm. Railways, being a purely technical phenomenon, have a well-known metaphysics which determines the existential transformations of the travelers. A railway line going beyond the horizon symbolizes a kind of existential infinity, limitlessness and vagueness. A travel is a kind of act of «communion» to this infiniteness, creates a sense of timelessness, while at the same time maintaining a sense of finitude, a blind end. The railway is a metaphor for a life’s journey, which has original and destination stations, and the train is an allegory of moving along it. A railway station is a metaphysical point of return/no return, separating life, people and actions. The railway and the travelling along it link together the beginning and the end, finitude and infiniteness, certainty and uncertainty, motion and immobility.

FACTOR STRUCTURE OF THE LIFE-MEANING ORIENTATIONS TEST IN THE STUDENTS SAMPLE

The internal consistency and structure of questions of the life-meaning orientations test - the most popular tool for measuring the consciousness of life and the existential orientation of a person - have been studied. Its diagnostic value is undeniable, but the procedure for distributing assessments by subscales raises a number of questions: some items are included in two or three scales at once, and the content of individual items does not correspond to the characteristics of the subscale in which they are included. The vagueness of the factorial structure is explained by the fact that the methodology is based on a one-dimensional approach, which initially did not imply the differentiation of individual components. A survey of 93 students aged 17-24 was carried out, while two versions of the keys to the method, published in 2000 and 2020, were used in parallel. The general indicator of students' life awareness has an average interval of 103.16 ± 18.73, is characterized by a normal distribution and high internal consistency. The factorial structure of variables is not similar to any of the models previously described in methodological sources. The measurement of the meaningfulness of life in the student sample is influenced by five factors that together determine 62.7% of the empirical distribution: 1) the existential fullness of the personality's existence; 2) a sense of controllability and orderliness of life; 3) the success of self-identification (awareness of oneself, one's goals and life purpose); 4) a positive and open perception of one's own life; 5) joyful expectations from the future. The obtained factors only partially reflect the structure of LSS as a mental education of a higher order. First of all, they reveal the peculiarities of understanding their own life in the student population. The study asks the question of the psychological factors that determine the existential characteristics of a person at different stages of life.

Diasporas intersect in Turtle Island: examining diasporic intersectionality in Canada from critical race, postcolonial and indigenous perspectives

ABSTRACT While Bitran and Tan (2013. Diaspora Nation: An Inquiry into the Economic Potential of Diaspora Networks in Canada. Toronto: Mowat Centre, University of Toronto, 8) believe that Canada (Turtle Island) is a ‘diaspora nation’, it is also evident that Canada as a settler colonial state has deeply rooted systemic and blatant forms of racism that have historically victimized and otherized diasporic communities of colour for the purpose of maintaining and perpetuating White hegemony. Even though cultural diversity and diasporic identities are often hailed to have underpinned Canadian ‘multiculturalism’, the aforementioned contradiction unravels the discourse or intent of multiculturalism in Canada – a country not fostering inclusivity, equality and justice for all the marginalized populations – but quite strikingly the opposite – the politics of Whiteness undergirded by the legacy of settler colonialism, historically. The identity of Canada as a country embracing ‘multiculturalism’ has a deeply rooted history of settler colonialism and its devastating consequences on Indigenous peoples living in this land for thousands of years before the arrival of White European settlers. And, of course, a plethora of studies have been done concerning those issues of racism, multiculturalism, settle colonialism and so forth in Canada. Similarly, a number of studies do exist that explore numerous diasporic identities based on their countries of origin. However, in this essay, I explore intersectional nature of three broad diasporic identities – Indigenous, Black and immigrant peoples of colour in Canada – who have common and intersecting experiences of forced/voluntary dispersal, homelessness, cultural alienation, marginalization, and so forth. Based on the intersecting experiences, the diasporas in Canada can ramp up an effective alliance to fight the injustices caused by White people through various institutions and state apparatuses. In order to critically examine the intersectionality of the three overarching diasporas and their issues, the essay uses Critical Race Theoretical (CRT) approach of intersectionality, postcolonial as well as Indigenous perspective to better understand how the diasporas are nuanced and interrelated despite their unique issues and existential characteristics. Similarly, viewing the diasporic intersection in Canada from critical race theoretical notion of intersectionality together with Indigenous perspective offers an understanding on how different diasporas in Canada and elsewhere share similar historical experiences and, at the same time, forge solidarity for their common good. On the one hand, the diasporic convergence with Indigenous peoples in it (re)fashions the Native space as an equitable space grounded on traditional Indigenous metaphor of common pot – inclusivity, renewal, mutual respect and responsibility, and on the other, it also highlights the necessity of critically (re)examining diasporas in Turtle Island by considering Indigeneity as an integral part of the discourse – study of diasporas not in isolation with Indigenous peoples, but as intersectional identities, so to speak.

Историческая эпистемология – триггер реформы философии познания

Historical epistemology has to become a basis for reconsideration of a concep­tual framework of the philosophy of knowledge. Such reform was about to happen because this framework meets difficulties, so far as it concerns the un­derstanding of historical processes, including сhanging of that conceptual framework itself. Reform will allow comprehending such concepts anew as “historical reality”, “a historical event”, “the subject of historical knowledge”, “rational reconstruction of historical knowledge”, etc. The principle of histori­cism has to be put in organic connection with the principle of objectivity, and this connection is a necessary basis for understanding “the truth of historical judgments”. Thus “historicism” joins a row the main epistemological concepts and stops being the “additive”, implemented to this row by a researcher’s dis­cretion. All elements of this row are interdependent values. Considered out of this interconditionality, they lose the sense and can turn into anti-values. The objectivity and the validity are historical in the same meaning in what his­toricism there is a necessary condition of objectivity and validity. These values exist only in the course of continuous change of historical knowledge. Such understanding of a backbone kernel of epistemological concepts conducts to a specification of the concept “subject of historical knowledge”, which gains contextual sense, and properly epistemological research is enriched with psy­chological, sociological, and existential characteristics. Their interrelation re­mains under the joint control of the principles of objectivity and historicism. The reform also affects the ontology of historical knowledge. The problem of the historical theory’s ontological bases is put and solved according to the principle of historicism.

Comparativeanalysisoftheconcept «happiness» and «baxt» in the english and uzbek languages

The interest in happiness, its material attributes and intangible components in different cultures within the framework of various areas of humanitarian anthropological knowledge is evidence that feelings associated with happiness, its attributes characterize the spiritual essence of man. The relevance of the topic of our study is determined by the fact that understanding of happiness reflects the value needs of a person in different cultures, thereby allowing researchers to draw conclusions about the origins of culture, which is the foundation for the formation of the ethnic, collective, national consciousness of its carriers. Attitude to happiness allows revealing the existential characteristics, norms, traditions of different social groups, since a different interpretation of happiness within the framework of different cultures reveals their ethno cultural specificity and perception of the world and people.

ЯЗЫКОВАЯ ЛИЧНОСТЬ В КУЛЬТУРЕ: НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ

The article deals with the definition of linguistic personality in the context of the relationship between language and culture. Language as a cultural phenomenon in determining the linguistic personality is considered in the works of J. L. Weisgerber. Speaking about language as a cultural value, the researcher evaluates the possibility for understanding it as an internal content of culture. Moreover, the author considers the linguistic personality within the context of the internal features of culture, taking into account the existential characteristics of language in its statics and dynamics. In Russian science, the first mention of the linguistic personality is found in V. V. Vinogradov’s works. In his interpretation the linguistic personality acts as an integrative formation including two sides, the collective (social) and individual. An important aspect of V. V. Vinogradov's linguistic personality reconstruction is the fact that the author focuses on the speech structure, which demonstrates real understanding of a language with regard to its functional characteristics, which overcome the closed existence in the system of set rules. Modern Russian linguistic and cultural concepts present more detailed study of linguistic personality practices in the context of culture. For example, V. I. Karasik considers the linguistic personality from the point of view of linguistic conceptology, focusing on integrative understanding of a language in its semantic and value aspects,on the one hand, and in its practical and functional aspects, on the other. Y. N. Karaulov tries to integrate the polarity of the linguistic personality with the levels of its organization, taking into account invariant and variable characteristics. The author notes that the linguistic personality can be characterized from the position of language consciousness and speech behavior. However, the focus of its study in the context of culture reveals certain aspects of human nature and life connected to the implementation of cultural forms, in which the existential foundations of human life are realised, reflecting its spiritual content.

F. M. Dostoevsky – a writer or a thinker?

The object of this research is the works of the prominent Russian writer F. M. Dostoevsky. The subject of this research is the opinion whether F. M. Dostoevsky first and foremost is the Russian philosopher and thinker, and only then a writer. The author examines the peculiarities of such roles in culture as philosopher, thinker and writer, which gives grounds to question unambiguous reference of the works of prominent Russian writer as activity of the thinker. The peculiarity consists in the fact that F. M. Dostoevsky’s literary texts is so rich in images and themes, that shifting the specificity of his artistic image into the background is not quite justified. Special attention is given to clarification of the essence of activity of the philosopher and the writer. The key research method is the comparative analysis of the facts of such types of social practice as the profession of writer, philosopher and thinker in their relation to the fundamental concepts of time, space, text and nature of its perception from the outside perspective .The main conclusion consists in the statement that the philosophical text maintains neutrality in relation to time, as is being written from the standpoint of eternity. Literary text, in turn, is “submerged” in time and space of the events taking place within it, and relies on recognizability of the characters and their existential characteristics. F. M. Dostoevsky appears to the audience as the creator of storylines and images, rather than a person who sets the trends and concepts of social movements.

Intersubjective aspects of the social communication process in Plekhanov's Marxist analysis

The article deals with the correlation of transformations of social processes and their reflection in the social theory of philosophy. Comparative analysis of the classical form of Marxism and the concept of G.V. Plekhanov as a representative of ‘Russian’ Marxism reveals differences in the interpretation of the main methodological principle — the principle of materialistic understanding of history. According to the research hypothesis, there are existential characteristics found in G.V. Plekhanov’s Marxism in the interpretation of the essence of social subject. The paper reveals the intersubjective nature of social subject, which is considered in the concept of G.V. Plekhanov as the main driving force in history. It is shown that «Russian» Marxism is always demarcated from the position of economic determinism. In this context, an attempt is made to minimize the risk of social analysis losing its effectiveness in the existing philosophical directions of thought. The paper proves the leading role of the principle of materialistic understanding of history in modern social analysis. The analysis of modern social relations allows us to note high relevance of studying the essence of social subject. The author emphasizes the contradictory nature of human inclusion in society, which, in the context of the difficult geopolitical situation in the world and globalization of communication flows, acquires the status of a problem of individual peoples’ culture security. In this context, the importance of analyzing the existential characteristics of social subject is noted. The main characteristics of the productive forces of society as a source of social stability are formulated in order to minimize the risk of massization of social subject. The research results can be applied both in the subsequent analysis of the specifics of Russian philosophical thought and in the theoretical consideration of the social relations dynamics and the logic of history.

Relations of existential characteristics and hardiness with psychosomatic cardiac symptoms in young people

Objective. Evaluation of the psychological well-being and hardiness in adolescents with cardiac symptoms.Materials and methods.The study involved 80 people aged 18–24 years, a relatively healthy sample. To assess the existential characteristics, the scale of psychological well-being of С. Ryff in the adaptation of N.N. Lepeshinsky. To assess the psychological quality of hardiness, the S. Maddi questionnaire was used in adaptation D.A. Leontiev, E.I. Rasskazova. To assess the psychosomatic component of cardiac symptoms the Giessen questionnaire of psychosomatic complaints was used. Descriptive statistics methods, the Mann – Whitney test for independent samples, a one-way analysis of variance with a posteriori pairwise comparison using the Newman-Keuls test were used.Results.For members of the healthy sample at the age of 18–24 years, the severity of psychosomatic cardiac complaints is relatively homogeneous by sex and age; the most significant differences in existential characteristics and hardiness in connection with the severity of psychosomatic cardiac symptoms fall on indicators of “commitment”, “control”, “environmental management”. Conclusion. The most significant and discriminating contribution to the prevention of psychosomatic cardiac complaints is such existential and stress-coping characteristics of personality as the ability to effectively use life situations to achieve one’s own goals, to fight for success and get results from their actions, to strive for maximum involvement in the activities of interest for the reflected, conscious meaning in life.

여성기독상담자의 소명의식에 대한 실존적 특성 연구

여성기독상담자의 소명의식에 대한 실존적 특성 연구

Educational work as a “labor of love”

The following paper examines the unique, human, and pedagogical nature of the encounter between educators and their students. It discusses the potential for alienation inherent in the educator teaching encounter (a potential embodied in what I term “the first fifteen seconds of anxiety”). The paper goes on to examine the possibility of constituting an alternative relationship based on pedagogy of mutual and non-alienated recognition rooted in an interpersonal and dialogical relationship. This conceptualization is performed through a consideration of Martin Buber’s notion of the “dialogical relationship” and the pedagogical implications of the “love relationship” in Erich Fromm’s philosophy. The article claims that the special quality of educational work must be understood in the context of its economic irrationality and unconceptualizable foundations. In order to clarify its existential characteristics and paradoxical, elusive, and emotional nature, it locates the unique economic nature of educational work in the “dialogical relationship” and in the four elements of the educational relationship: care, responsibility, respect, and knowledge.

An Innovation Civilization in the Context of the Anthroposphere Crisis of the Technogenic Society

The article presents the philosophical and methodological model of the anthropological crisis caused by social and cultural transformation of the modern civilization. It analyses the essence and cause of the anomie and social orienting cultural regulatory mechanisms in the social system. The authors consider existential characteristics of the individual in the new “innovative” social space and specify transformation vectors of the innovative civilization. The study suggests that the innovative civilization should be considered as a stage of social development and a type of social organization, based on the achievements of the technological civilization, however, it is filled with new socio-humanistic contents. The results obtained will serve as a theoretical and methodological basis for further fundamental studies of possible risks, threats and prospects in the development of the innovative civilization.

Democracy, Governance, Legislative Challenges and Impediments in Nigeria, 1999 - 2011

The concepts of democracy and governance have come to occupy a more “prominent position in the discourse of national and international development”. They have become key notions in which “citizens can have a more active role” which should enhance their positive view of the “increase legitimacy of the state”. As a matter of fact, both concepts are inseparable from the existential characteristics of all political animals all over the world. They continue to determine the “democratic political arrangement” and, dictate the landscapes and operational nerves of all civilized democratic polities in today’s ICT-driven world particularly in terms of the functional performance of the horizontal organs of government which have increasingly gained prominence vis-à-vis public policy and responsive service delivery.One of the critical components/units of these horizontal organs is the Legislature. The Legislature constitutes a cardinal part of the major pillars of the governance process in the democratic political systems of today’s world, Nigeria inclusive. Thus, this paper generally examines the challenges and impediments faced in Nigeria by the legislature over the years and concludes with the prescriptions for better legislative political terrains and the steps to be taken to make the Legislature in Nigeria more relevant to the sustenance of the ingredients and values of democracy and good governance.

The Impact of Reformation Ideas on the Understanding of I.Ohienko by the Essence of Ukrainian Orthodoxy

A study of the creative heritage of Ivan Ogienko (Metropolitan Hilarion) provides a solid basis for concluding: Ukrainian Orthodoxy, in its dialectical interrelations with the peculiarities of the Ukrainian national mentality, exists quite realistically. A deep awareness of the reality of the existence of the Ukrainian Orthodoxy phenomenon has given him his whole conscious life to fight for the renewal of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, for its autocephaly, and for proving that Ukrainian Orthodoxy is significantly different from Russian Orthodoxy. Therefore, it is not possible to confuse not only on cult grounds, but also on ideological and existential characteristics side by side, co-existing for two centuries in the territory of Ukraine, two Orthodox Churches - the Russian and Ukrainian

Being and Order: The Metaphysics of Thomas Aquinas in Historical Perspective by Andrew N. Woznicki

BOOK REVIEWS 151 highly conscientious translator, and a sign of this are the Latin-English and English-Latin glossaries that are appended at the end of the work. The glossaries show how he has tried to remain consistent in his choice of terms and how he decided to render difficult terms like ratio and esse, which cause every translator of Aquinas problems. One could complain, however, that these nine pages of glossary are not quite complete enough. A few missing entries, for example, are ' individual ' (which is used to translate concretum, suppositum, individuatum, and particufuris), ' subiectum ' (translated " substance " and " subject "), and' modus'. The briefest of bibliographical notes and an index complete the work. Here one might want to register a more serious complaint. The bibliographical note is much too brief to he especially helpful. The beginner could use some more suggestions about what to read as a follow-up to Martin's hook. All in all, this is a collection of readings from Thomas Aquinas one would like to see stay in print for a long time to come. Many who teach the thought of Aquinas in the round will want to make use of this work. And, by reading this work, philosophy students to whom Aquinas is an unknown will make a good beginning in becoming di· rectly familiar with one of the greatest of minds. ROBERT D. ANDERSON Saint Anselm College Manchester, New Hampshire Being and Order: The Metaphysics of Thomas Aquinas in Historical Perspective. By ANDREW N. WOZNICKI. Catholic Thought from Lublin. New York: Peter Lang, 1990. Pp. 309 + xiv. This first volume bodes well for the new series Catholic Thought from Lublin, because the author of the hook is also the general editor of the series. Father Woznicki has here produced a welcome addition to those worthwhile hooks exploring the philosophical vision of St. Thomas in depth and comparing and contrasting that vision with other philosophical outlooks. Such studies are important not just for Thomists hut for all who are interested in the thought of the Angelic Doctor. On the first page of his Foreword, Woznicki announces that being and order are so inextricably interrelated that it is absolutely impos· sihle to understand one without the other. With thorough scholarship and impressive depth, Woznicki hacks up his claim. The Foreword also includes Etienne Gilson's marvelous statement: "Metaphysics al- 152 BOOK REVIEWS ways buries its undertakers." Not only does Woznicki probe profoundly into St. Thomas's metaphysics but he shows with an enviable clarity what is metaphysically lacking in philosophies as diverse as those of Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, Descartes, Kant, and Whitehead. Woznicki's goal in this well documented study is to discover the order present in the very structure of being as being. In examining the concept of being itself, he claims that being can reveal itself in its inner disposition of both essential and existential characteristics only as something in which essence and existence are related to each other reciprocally and mutually. The Lublin Thomist distinguishes the predicamental and the transcendental modes of predication. While in the predicamental mode of predication a predicate is added to a being as its determining principle, in the transcendental mode of predication nothing can be added to a being as an extraneous nature, in the way that an accident is added to a substance or that a difference is added to a genus. (These additions cannot take place because every nature is essentially being.) The distinction between the two modes of predication permit the formulation of two kinds of concepts, namely, the predicamental and the transcendental. The former describe various grades of being which match different modes of being and so reveal .the various genera of being; the latter in depicting being in its universality express more clearly what is contained in the nature of being as such. A predicamental order of being is established through the predicamental concepts' description of being by its essential characteristics ; a transcendental order of being is established through the transcendental concepts' description of being as expressed by the existential characteristics of esse. While in the predicamental order the emphasis on the essential aspects reveals being as it is expressed in...