Existence Of Psychiatric Disorders Research Articles

Does Schizophrenia Exist?

This paper develops and defends a deflationary analysis of existence claims involving psychiatric disorders. According to this analysis, a given psychiatric disorder exists if, and only if, there are people who have the disorder. The implications of this analysis are spelled out for our views of nosological decision making, and for the relationship between claims about the existence of psychiatric disorders and claims about their reality. A pragmatic view of psychiatric nosology is defended and it is argued that worries about the “reality” of any given disorder have to be distinguished clearly from questions about its existence.

Asthma induces psychiatric impairments in association with default mode and salience networks alteration: A resting-state EEG study

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders. There are specific brain networks responsible for emotional processes, including two important networks associated with psychiatric problems: the default mode network (DMN), which is more active in the resting state, and the salience network (SN), which is structurally connected to DMN. Although previous studies suggested that neuro-phenotypes of asthma may be recognizable by the neural activity of brain circuits, an association between the brain's functional alterations and psychiatric impairments induced by asthma remains unknown. We aimed to assess DMN and SN activity and its association with psychiatric indices and clinical parameters in asthmatic patients. Electroencephalography was recorded during the resting state with an awake and eyes-open condition in thirty-eight sex and age-matched subjects (19 atopic asthma patients and 19 healthy participants). Power spectrum and functional connectivity were computed for DMN and SN. We examined psychiatric disorders (including depression, anxiety, and stress) and pulmonary function using the DASS questionnaire and spirometry test, respectively. The results showed that DASS scores were significantly higher in asthmatic patients compared to healthy subjects. Asthmatic patients also demonstrate a significant enhancement in power and functional connectivity in the two networks. Notably, these power enhancements of the networks were correlated with psychiatric problems scores, pulmonary function, asthma duration, and poor asthma control. These results introduce new evidence for the association between altered brain activity, the existence of psychiatric disorders, and asthma-related features, including pulmonary function. Also, we provide new insights into asthma-induced inflammatory response and the importance of developing novel interventions and therapeutic strategies for managing allergic inflammation patients who suffer from concurrent psychiatric disorders.

Psychiatric co-morbidity among patients with primary headache

Headache is the commonest complaint in neurology outpatient departments (OPD) and the co- existence of psychiatric disorders with headache is an established fact. This study was aimed to estimate the proportion of adult headache patients suffering from psychiatric co-morbidity and to see the possible association between headache pattern and psychiatric disorders.This cross sectional study was done among 51 sample of neurology OPD of BSMMU. International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) was used to determine the types of headache and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to diagnose psychiatric disorder. Purposive sampling technique was used and data was collected using face-to-face interview from January, 2015 to June, 2015. New and old cases of primary headache of both sexes who were 15-65 years old were taken as samples. The results found that tension type headache was the commonest type of headache and total 62.7% of headache patients suffered from psychiatric disorder. Among them, 39.2% had depressive disorder and 17.6% had anxiety disorders. Logistic regression revealed that higher duration and frequency of headache was a predictor of having psychiatric comorbidity (OR= 1.7). This small study shows the need of larger research in this issue and also points out the importance of psychiatric intervention for headache patients.
 Bang J Psychiatry December 2016; 30(2): 32-35

Anxiety, Mood, and Personality Disorders in Patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.

This study presents the current prevalence of anxiety, mood, and personality disorders as well as factors associated with the existence of psychiatric disorders in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). The study sample comprised 46 patients with BPPV and 74 control subjects. Anxiety and mood disorders were ascertained via the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition/Clinical Version. Personality disorders were diagnosed via the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM, Revised Third Edition, Personality Disorders. Of the 46 patients, 18 (39.1%) had at least one mood or anxiety disorder and 13 (28.3%) had at least one personality disorder. The most common Axis I and Axis II disorders in the patient group were major depression in 8 (17.4%) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in 10 (21.7%) patients, respectively. It was found that major depression (p=0.021), generalized anxiety disorder (p=0.026) and obsessive- compulsive personality disorder (p=0.001) were more prevalent in the BPPV group compared with the control group. Results suggest that psychiatric disturbances should be carefully checked in patients with BPPV due to the relatively high rate of comorbidity.

Mood and behavior disorder in pediatric epilepsy

Pediatric epilepsy is frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidities such as mood, anxiety, psychosis, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior disorder. The incidence of suicide is also higher in this population. Psychiatric conditions were traditionally considered to be a consequence of the seizure disorder; however, more recent advances in the field suggest a bidirectional relationship. Thus, the existence of psychiatric disorders may increase the likelihood of developing a seizure disorder, while the presence of chronic epilepsy and the use of antiepileptic drugs can increase the incidence of comorbid psychiatric disorders and impact the quality of life for affected patients. In this review, internalizing (depression, anxiety and suicide) and, externalizing (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder) disorders, and psychosis in pediatric epilepsy are discussed. The role of evidence-based psychosocial and psychopharmacological interventions for these mood and behavior disorders, in addition to the validity of neuropsychological testing to assist identification of these combined conditions in pediatric epilepsy are also reviewed.

Mood, anxiety and personality disorders in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

ObjectiveThis study presents the current prevalence of mood, anxiety and personality disorders and factors associated with the existence of psychiatric disorders in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). MethodsThe study sample was comprised of 45 patients with SLE and 60 control subjects. Mood and anxiety disorders were ascertained by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition/Clinical Version. Personality disorders were diagnosed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM, Revised Third Edition Personality Disorders. The disease activity was assessed with SLE Disease Activity Index. ResultsOf the 45 patients, 21 (46.7%) had at least one mood or anxiety disorder, and 16 (35.6%) had at least one personality disorder. The most common Axis I and Axis II diagnoses in the patient group were major depression (22.2%) and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (20.0%), respectively. Specifically, major depression, generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder were more prevalent in the SLE group compared to the control group. The existence of Axis I disorders was associated with a more severe disease activity of SLE. ConclusionMood and anxiety disorders, particularly major depression and generalized anxiety disorder, are frequently observed in patients with SLE.

Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Preschool Children With Psychiatric Disorders

The field of child and adolescent psychiatry is increasingly aware of the existence of psychiatric disorders in preschool-aged children. Concomitantly, there has been a greater understanding of both the effects of parenting on development as well as how a child's brain is shaped by the environment. There has also been a strong trend toward the use of time-limited, evidence-based therapies in adults and school-aged children, but evidence has been limited regarding the use of interventions to treat psychiatric disorders in preschoolers. In recent years, multiple research groups have worked to create effective psychotherapies for use with preschool populations, and there are also novel applications of existing psychotherapies. This review examines the latest evidence-based psychotherapies that treat preschool children with psychiatric disorders.

Étude des troubles psychiatriques et des modalités défensives évaluées par le « Defense Style Questionnaire » (DSQ) dans un échantillon d’hommes stériles consultant en andrologie

Resume Notre etude avait pour objectif d’etudier l’etat psychiatrique d’un echantillon d’hommes infertiles consultant en andrologie, d’evaluer les styles de defense au moyen du Defense Style Questionnaire version 88 items, de rechercher une difference entre les modalites defensives selon leur statut clinique d’azoosperme ou d’oligoasthenosperme et de mettre en evidence une correlation entre les troubles psychiatriques developpes dans cet echantillon et les modalites defensives utilisees. Resultats Nous avons retrouve dans notre echantillon 26,2 % de troubles psychiatriques selon le DSM IV avec une sur-representation significative du trouble anxieux generalise et du trouble somatisation. La comparaison entre patients azoospermes et oligoasthenospermes revelait l’absence de difference significative en ce qui concerne la morbidite psychiatrique et l’utilisation des modalites defensives. Notre echantillon se defendait selon des modalites proches de la population generale et utilisait des mecanismes de defense appartenant preferentiellement au style de defense dit mature, tels que l’humour, la repression et l’anticipation. La pathologie psychiatrique etait significativement correlee avec l’utilisation preferentielle du retrait, de la consommation, de la formation reactionnelle et au defaut d’utilisation de l’humour. Nous confirmons dans notre etude que les sujets qui utilisent preferentiellement le style de defense nevrotique sont plus susceptibles que les autres de developper un trouble psychiatrique. Conclusion Notre etude confirme qu’il est difficile de savoir si certains mecanismes de defense sont des facteurs de vulnerabilite a un trouble psychiatrique donne ou si les mecanismes de defense constituent un epiphenomene d’un trouble psychiatrique particulier. Il est necessaire de realiser des etudes complementaires prospectives qui pourraient permettre d’etablir un lien entre les mecanismes de defense et une pathologie psychiatrique donnee. La connaissance des modalites defensives d’un echantillon d’hommes steriles utilisees dans un contexte psychotherapeutique pourrait prevenir l’emergence de troubles psychiatriques ou pour le moins les anticiper.