We consider 3D Euler and Navier-Stokes equations describing dynamics of uniformly rotating fluids. Periodic boundary conditions are imposed, and the ratio of domain periods is assumed to be generic (nonresonant). We show that solutions of 3D Euler/Navier-Stokes equations can be decomposed as U (t, x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) = U ̃ (t, x 1 , x 2 ) + V (t, x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) + r where U ̃ is a solution of the 2D Euler/Navier-Stokes system with vertically averaged initial data (axis of rotation is taken along the vertical 3 ). Here r is a remainder of order Ro 1 2 a where Ro a = (H 0 U 0 (Щ 0 L 2 0 ) is the anisotropic Rossby number ( H 0 —height, L 0 —horizontal length scale, Щ 0 —angular velocity of background rotation, U 0 —horizontal velocity scale); Ro a = ( H 0 L 0 ) Ro where H 0 L 0 is the aspect ratio and Ro = U 0 (Щ 0 L 0 ) is a Rossby number based on the horizontal length scale L 0 . The vector field V (t, x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) which is exactly solved in terms of 2D dynamics of vertically averaged fields is phase-locked to the phases 2Щ 0 t , τ 1 ( t ), and τ 2 ( t ). The last two are defined in terms of passively advected scalars by 2D turbulence. The phases τ 1 ( t ) and τ 2 ( t ) are associated with vertically averaged vertical vorticity curl U ̄ (t) · e 3 and velocity U ̄ 3 (t) ; the last is weighted (in Fourier space) by a classical nonlocal wave operator. We show that 3D rotating turbulence decouples into phase turbulence for V (t, x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) and 2D turbulence for vertically averaged fields U ̄ (t, x 1 , x 2 ) if the anisotropic Rossby number Ro a is small. The mathematically rigorous control of the error r is used to prove existence on a long time interval T∗ of regular solutions to 3D Euler equations ( T∗ → +∞ , as Ro a → 0); and global existence of regular solutions for 3D Navier-Stokes equations in the small anisotropic Rossby number case.