Exhibition Rooms Research Articles

Acoustic characterization of the Municipal Museum Abade Pedrosa

The 2016 interventions concerning the rehabilitation of the Municipal Museum Abade Pedrosa in Santo Tirso, Portugal were analyzed to verify in what way acoustics interferes in the museum enjoyment. In situ measurements were done in every exhibition room: Reverberation Time, RASTI and the Equivalent Sound Level (LAeq). RT[500, 1k, 2k Hz] values were between 2.5 and 3.9 s. The RASTI mean values varied between 0.44 and 0.55 s. LAeq values of background noise reached a top value of 43 dB(A) in the 1000 Hz frequency band and a global value of 57 dB(A) in every room. A multicriteria analysis was carried out to globally characterize the museum in a simple and perceptive way, with an algorithm that ranks all the different rooms, in which they were generally classified as "bad". A comparison of these values was done with similar studies in other museums: Soares dos Reis (Porto), Serralves (Porto) and other international museums, being possible to verify that the Municipal Museum Abade Pedrosa has worse acoustic values compared to those other museums. It was also suggested possible improvements that could contribute for the acoustic correction of the space, with a predictable cost of about 27000 €.

Possibility of 3D Model Collections with LiDAR: Simply, Easily, and Inexpensively in Paleontology

Until several years ago, it was difficult for the general public to acquire 3D data. Recently, portable devices have been equipped with LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging). LiDAR is a method for determining ranges by targeting an object or a surface with a laser and measuring the time for the reflected light to return to the receiver. It is easy to acquire 3D data by LiDAR at low cost, so making 3D digital specimens and using 3D databases have become more popular. This study aims to to investigate the possibility of creating 3D digital model collections in paleontology using a simple, easy and inexpensive approach that applies portable devices equipped with LiDAR. Two Apple iPad Pro® (3rd and 4th generation) and an iPhone® 15 Pro equipped with LiDAR are used with the Scaniverse application. The scanning distance of Scaniverse is from 0.3 m to 5.0 m for 3D modelling. Targets of paleontological 3D models in our study, range from hand-sized specimens to exhibits several meters in size, exhibition rooms and outcrops, including a 5 cm ammonite and an ~3 m full-body replica of Naumann’s elephant, Palaeoloxodon naumanni. In this case study, it was difficult to make 3D models of specimens under 10 cm diameter. On the other hand, 3D modelling of specimens greater than 10 cm, and up to 5 m long produced reasonable results. These 3D model collections can be used as exhibits and for education by making 3D printings and virtual reality (VR) models. Because the LiDAR technology is now built into common devices, problems may arise because anyone could make and share 3D models simply, easily, and inexpensively. Several issues of ownership, such as copyright, could arise from creating these models because digital data policies are not uniform or codified between museums and institutions. In the future, rules to govern these collections internationally need to be developed.

Indoor space thermal cycle design and animation 3D modeling based on digital light processing technology

With the continuous development of architectural design concepts, the thermal cycle optimization of interior space has become an important topic to improve energy efficiency and comfort. The introduction of digital light processing (DLP) technology provides new possibilities for 3D modeling and thermal cycle analysis. This study uses digital light processing technology to design and optimize the thermal cycle of indoor space, and explores its application in real-time animation 3D modeling to provide a more intuitive visual display. DLP technology is used to build a three-dimensional model of interior space, and heat flow analysis software is combined to simulate the thermal cycle of different design schemes. The dynamic simulation method was used to analyze the change of heat circulation in the exhibition room and its influence on the indoor environment. The results show that the indoor thermal cycle optimized by DLP technology can effectively improve the heat distribution uniformity and energy efficiency utilization, and the simulation results show that the improved scheme has significant advantages in thermal comfort. This study proves the feasibility and effectiveness of digital light processing technology in indoor space thermal cycle design, and provides a new idea for future architectural design and thermal cycle management.

Methodological Framework for Integrating Cultural Impact in Sustainability Assessments of Cultural Events

Based on the three dimensions model of sustainability, different studies that address the integration of the culture and sustainability concepts from a theoretical field propose that culture should be included as another sustainability dimension to a greater degree. This approach has not been put into practice to date. In fact, when sustainability application is examined in cultural activities such as museums and exhibitions, in most cases it is associated with only one dimension and evaluation methodologies based on a holistic approach; the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) is used in very few cases. In this work, a methodological framework is proposed to add the cultural dimension to the study of the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability. A sequence of phases in line with the LCSA methodology is used to achieve the simultaneous evaluation of impacts associated with a sustainability approach based on four dimensions. A thorough literature review revealed cultural indicators, which were classified and organized in order to facilitate the cultural impact assessment and complement the indicators already used to evaluate other dimensions. Additionally, the approaches and methods proposed are put into practice in a case study, which consists of an experimental exhibition room. The different phases of the methodology have been successively developed, and indicators for all sustainability dimensions have been obtained. Thus, the theoretical contribution of this work is embellished with the development of a practical case, which demonstrate that cultural dimensions can be evaluated together with the rest of the dimensions in order to obtain a multidimensional assessment of sustainability.

Redesign of Primordial Museum and Archaeological Research Center in Cipari Archaeological Site Area, Kuningan Regency with Biophilic Architecture Approach

Indonesia is a paradise for archaeological research, proven by the many kinds of Pleistocene era artifact findings scattered throughout the country, including in Kuningan Regency. One of them is the finding of a megalithic site in Cipari Village, which is the only megalithic heritage archaeological site given more attention by the Kuningan Regency municipal government, with the establishment of the Cipari Archaeological Park Museum in 1976. Ironically, the archaeological museum building at Cipari Site is still relatively simple, and has not been able to follow the guidelines for establishing a museum. The existing building, which has an area of 80m², only contains temporary exhibition rooms, toilets and management rooms which are deemed unable to accommodate groups of tourists who often come from various educational institutions. So, a redesign is needed that is able to house a collection of artifacts as well as an archaeological research center to facilitate archaeologists and scientists, in researching artifacts that have been found in Kuningan and its surroundings. The primordial museum and archaeological research center is a building that stores and researches natural objects of ancient relics found in nature, so it is good if this building can be redesigned by considering its relationship with nature. Therefore, the biophilic architecture approach is deemed appropriate in the redesign of the museum building along with the archaeological research center or in other languages, the Primordial Museum and Archaeological Research Center in the Cipari Archaeology Site Area, Kuningan Regency. Data is also needed which includes primary and secondary data needs and then analyzed with five aspects of the approach, including functional, contextual, technical, performance and architectural aspects. The results will produce design recommendations for the Primordial Museum and Archaeological Research Center in the Cipari Antiquities Area, Kuningan Regency, West Java.

Streamline Intelligent Crowd Monitoring with IoT Cloud Computing Middleware.

This article introduces a novel middleware that utilizes cost-effective, low-power computing devices like Raspberry Pi to analyze data from wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It is designed for indoor settings like historical buildings and museums, tracking visitors and identifying points of interest. It serves as an evacuation aid by monitoring occupancy and gauging the popularity of specific areas, subjects, or art exhibitions. The middleware employs a basic form of the MapReduce algorithm to gather WSN data and distribute it across available computer nodes. Data collected by RFID sensors on visitor badges is stored on mini-computers placed in exhibition rooms and then transmitted to a remote database after a preset time frame. Utilizing MapReduce for data analysis and a leader election algorithm for fault tolerance, this middleware showcases its viability through metrics, demonstrating applications like swift prototyping and accurate validation of findings. Despite using simpler hardware, its performance matches resource-intensive methods involving audiovisual and AI techniques. This design's innovation lies in its fault-tolerant, distributed setup using budget-friendly, low-power devices rather than resource-heavy hardware or methods. Successfully tested at a historical building in Greece (M. Hatzidakis' residence), it is tailored for indoor spaces. This paper compares its algorithmic application layer with other implementations, highlighting its technical strengths and advantages. Particularly relevant in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and general monitoring middleware for indoor locations, this middleware holds promise in tracking visitor counts and overall building occupancy.

The 55-th anniversary of the Scientific Library of Euphrosyne Polotskaya State University of Polotsk

The author examines the history of the Scientific Library of Polotsk State University from its establishment till nowadays. For 55 years, the Library has been dynamically developing along with its parent organization: The library of Belorussian Polytechnic Institution Branch (1968), the library of Novopolotsk Polytechnic Institute (1974), the library of the classical university (1993); and since 2005 it has been operating as a scientific library. The contribution of the library leaders and directors is characterized in brief. Today, the Library is housed across three sites, each of them belongs to a particular epoch. The library was first founded in Novopolotsk, and today the administration, information resources development department, lending, reading and exhibition rooms, conference hall, and Polotsk land education and science museum, are located here. The library branch in Polotsk is located in the restored historical building of Jesuist collegium (1580), once the largest educational library. The library branch in Mezhdurechye settlement is a new, comfortable and modern environment and a new type of library. As a whole, the library today is a n educational, research and cultural center; it provides access to information resources, supports and facilitates the university’s educational research and professional work.

Indoor Microclimatic Conditions and Air Pollutant Concentrations in the Archaeological Museum of Abdera, Greece

Indoor microclimate conditions and air pollutant concentrations (O3, TVOC, CO, CO2, and particulate matter mass concentrations in six size bins) were measured in the Greek Archaeological Museum of Abdera, which houses priceless works of art from the birthplace of the ancient philosopher Democritus. The monitoring campaign took place during the spring and summer months, when there were the greatest number of visitors. In the exhibition rooms, daily variations in relative humidity ranged from 4% to 10%, and daily variations in air temperature ranged from 0.9 °C to 2.6 °C. These uncontrolled changes may endanger the housed antiquities. The microclimate in the storage rooms varied substantially less than in the exhibition halls due to dehumidifiers and the lack of visitors. Concerning air pollution, indoor O3 concentrations were higher than the recommended limit values for the conservation of artwork. Even more worrisome are particulate matter mass concentrations above the air quality guidelines. Despite the fact that the building is well insulated and that only artificial lighting is used in the exhibition halls, it is difficult to achieve adequate conditions for the protection of the works of art.

Changes in Indoor Air Quality in Public Facilities before and after the Enactment of Taiwan’s Indoor Air Quality Management Act

South Korea was the first to administer the Indoor Air Quality Control Act in 1996, followed by Taiwan’s implementation in 2012. This study investigated indoor air quality (IAQ) in public facilities before and after the enactment of Taiwan’s Indoor Air Quality Management (IAQM) Act in 2012 to assess the effectiveness of the Act. The study also calculates health risks for employers, and consumers/visitors separately. The mean concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) after the IAQM Act’s enactment was higher than before, except for government offices. The lowest attainment rates for CO2, below 80%, were 73% in hospitals and 78% in libraries. As for formaldehyde, average concentrations were higher after the IAQM Act’s implementation, except for the exhibition room and library. Notably, improvements in particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) levels were evident in hospitals and libraries compared to other environments (attainment rates increased from 85% to 100% and 89% to 94%, respectively). However, in schools, preschools, and public transport spaces, unattainment rates worsened. Regarding cancer risk from formaldehyde exposure in the public, the 95% of upper risk limits ranged from 3.44×10−5 in the public transport system to 8.80×10−4 in preschools. Our findings highlight the necessity of integrating more measurement data after IAQM Act implementation and formulating management strategies based on risk assessments for future investigations.

Egocentric and Allocentric Spatial Memory for Body Parts: A Virtual Reality Study.

Extensive literature elucidated the mechanisms underlying the ability to memorize the positions of objects in space. However, less is known about the impact that objects' features have on spatial memory. The present study aims to investigate differences in egocentric and allocentric object-location memory between hand stimuli depicted in a first-person perspective (1PP) or in a third-person one (3PP). Fifty-two adults encoded spatial positions within a virtual museum environment featuring four square buildings. Each of these buildings featured eight paintings positioned along the walls, with two pictures displayed on each of the four walls. Thirty-two stimuli were employed, which represented pictures of the right hand performing various types of gestures. Half of the stimuli depicted the hand in the 1PP, while the other half depicted the hand in the 3PP. Both free and guided explorations served as encoding conditions. Immediately after that, participants underwent a two-step object-location memory task. Participants were provided with a map of the museum and asked to identify the correct building where the image was located (allocentric memory). Then, they were presented with a schematic representation of the exhibition room divided into four sections and instructed to select the section where they thought the picture was located (egocentric memory). Our findings indicate a memory performance boost associated with egocentric recall, regardless of the perspective of the bodily stimuli. The results are discussed considering the emerging literature on the mnemonic properties of body-related stimuli for spatial memory.

On Collaboration

Abstract “On Collaboration” attempts to situate the withdrawal of support from the magazine Artforum (precipitated by the firing of its editor-in-chief David Velasco in October 2023) within a longer history of institutional antagonism. It compares strategies of opposition available to the avant-garde and counterculture in the 1960s (as exemplified by Fluxus's George Maciunas and the novelist Thomas Pynchon) with those that emerged in the 1970s, with particular attention paid to the machinery that sustained the appearance of the art world and, more broadly, the public sphere. Citing Vito Acconci's contributions to the exhibition ROOMS P.S. 1 (1976), it argues that much of what has been historically recognized as strategies of institutional opposition from the 1970s onward, including institutional critique and the alternative space movement, might be better understood within a framework of “institutional collaboration.”

Indoor air pollutants and their seasonal monitoring in European museums

The monitoring of indoor air pollutants is an important part of the management of heritage collections. In this work, acetic acid, formic acid, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and NO2 were measured with passive samplers along with temperature and relative humidity once per season in seven European institutions of different sizes with different types of objects. The measurements were carried out in a variety of locations, from modern and old display cases in exhibition rooms of different sizes to storage rooms and their enclosures for different types of objects. The results were evaluated based on the characteristics of the sampling locations and the extent to which the changing seasons affect pollutant concentrations were estimated. The dataset obtained from this study can be a valuable asset as a snapshot of the current state of the environment in European heritage collections.

조선시대 출토직물에 나타난 구름무늬의 조형성과 활용현황에 대한 연구-석주선기념박물관 유물을 중심으로-

As interest in Korean culture increases overseas, various attempts at traditional cultural content and ways to utilize them are required. Currently, there are many cases of utilizing the representative artifacts of each museum and incorporating them into modern design, and through this, the use of the museum shop, which is called a second exhibition room, is increasing, not only because of the museum’s interest. As such, it is time for various ways to come up with ways to enhance creative and promotional effects while preserving the identity and identity of each museum. In particular, traditional patterns that can represent Korea’ s identity, history and culture are the most effective elements for design utilization and serve as basic data for the modernization process. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to select cloud patterns among the excavated fabrics housed in the Seok Juseon Memorial Museum, introduce patterns with various expressions, and suggest data that can be modernized based on these materials and methods to increase their usability. As a research method, the symbolism and literature of cloud patterns are theoretically considered, and the cloud patterns expressed in the fabrics excavated in the Joseon Dynasty are classified into nine styles according to the expression method and arrangement composition, and the formative characteristics are examined. In addition, I would like to introduce the basic materials such as museum cultural products and textile design by providing various traditional patterns possessed by the Seok Juseon Memorial Museum along with the cases of utilization of the textile patterns of the museum that are currently being applied, and suggest the development plan and possibility to increase the utilization.

고성 통일전망대와 접경에서의 북한 보여주기

Goseong Unification Observatory was established in 1984, based on President Chun Doo-hwan’s plan of mass tourism construction, and borderland tourism sites for inculcating the importance of anticommunism.The Goseong Unification Observatory achieved remarkable success by providing open access to the site and offering panoramic views of North Korean terrain, including the prominent Guemgang mountain. However, with the increasing influx of visitors to the borderland, North Korea began its propaganda targeting the public who came to witness the spectacle. As a countermeasure, the South Korean administration mandated mandatory anti-communism education before allowing entry into the CCZ(Civilian Controlled Zone). This measurement reveals the impregnated trait of the Observatory, where sole knowledge and values were permitted by the government.
 Unification Observatory distributed its knowledge systems through panel exhibition adorned of pictures and explanations accordingly. The compact exhibition room, strategically positioned along the route to the observation area, served as a window through which visitors could peer into North Korea. This exhibition site has changed three times between 1984 to 1991. The first period(1984-1987) of the exhibition portrayed Korean Nationalism, anti-communism, and the Chun administration’s fruit. Combining all together, the exhibition iconographically wrote the narrative of enemy North Korea and our auspicious nation, that has fought against the enemy for all time, persuading this government as the one who can guard and lead all of you under the president’s guidance. The second period(1987-1991) of exhibition started to focus more on the ‘North Korea’ itself, performing as a knowledge frontier. It emphasized the abnormality of North Korea, making an antithetical contrast to the normal South. It guided people’s gaze to North Korea as a subject that needed to be absorbed into the normal South. The third period(1991-) exhibition began to put distance from emotional anticommunism banners. It displayed the ‘everyday life of North Koreans’ which was newly started from North Korean Studies.
 However, we can find several dissent and discontent about the exhibition, and the tourism system of Observatory from newspaper articles. It suggests the possibility of future study of Transculturation, or Counter-Memory approach to the borderland tourism sites.

A review on inorganic gaseous pollutants in conservation spaces: monitoring instrumentation and indoor concentrations.

This contribution presents the results of a review of scientific literature on gaseous inorganic pollutants monitored in confined indoor spaces housing cultural heritage. A survey on standards suggesting concentration thresholds together with European projects on the topic was provided. Sixty-six scientific articles were systematically selected based on the PRISMA flow diagram over the period 1984-2021 for a total number of 80 case studies mainly located in Europe (64%). Monitoring was mainly performed in museums and galleries (61%), specifically in exhibition rooms (79%). Active devices were rarely employed, whereas passive samplers, exposed in situ and then laboratory-analysed, were mostly used for nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide monitoring. Direct-reading continuous devices were widely used for ozone monitoring. It was found that average concentrations of ozone were below 5 ppb in only 50% of cases, nitrogen dioxide below 10 ppb in more than 60% of cases, nitric oxide below 5 ppb in 30% of cases, nitric and nitrous acid below 1 ppb in less than 50% of cases, sulphur dioxide below 2 ppb in more than 60% of cases, and hydrogen sulphide below 0.1 ppb in only 25% of cases. Comparisons were performed following the thresholds suggested in the literature. The lowest concentration values were usually associated to the use of mechanical ventilation systems equipped with air filters and to non-urban case studies. The low number of case studies can be due to the difficulties to perform monitoring in conservation spaces with current instruments. Further research should be conducted to uniform standards that suggest instruments' requirements and pollutant thresholds to limit degradation on cultural materials.

Research on the Problems and Countermeasures of Yellow River Culture Communication

Taking Dongying City, Shandong Province as an example, this paper discusses the current situation, challenges and countermeasures of the Yellow River culture communication. As an important part of the Yellow River basin, Dongying city has actively built the Yellow River cultural protection and inheritance system, promoted the Yellow River culture by editing and publishing cultural books, building historical and cultural exhibition rooms, and at the same time strengthened cultural exchanges and cooperation in an online and offline all-round mode. However, in the aspect of spreading Yellow River culture, Dongying city is faced with challenges such as stylized content, single communication channel and lack of communication effect evaluation, which limit the wide spread of Yellow River culture. Through the questionnaire survey of college students, this paper found that the Yellow River culture has an important influence in cultivating patriotism and promoting cultural inheritance, and has a certain social value and significance.

Staging Grounds: Loutherbourg and Warley

Abstract In 1778, Philippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg began work on a pair of companion pictures marking George III's attendance at a spectacular military review on the broad expanse of Essex wasteland that was Warley Common. Scholars of the painter's art have largely overlooked these ambitious, large-scale landscapes, but their commission and subsequent display at the Royal Academy played a key role in advancing Loutherbourg's career. Strikingly novel, the paintings attracted a good deal of critical attention for their curious mix of the patriotic and the satirical, the topographic and the scenographic. Taking its cue from this latter stage set-like quality, this essay situates Loutherbourg’s Warley scenes in relation to a series of dramatic spaces, moving from the ‘battlefield’ depicted to the London stage to the Academy exhibition room, highlighting a series of connections and interactions that shed new light on the performativity of Georgian art, culture and spaces of display.

문화콘텐츠 스토리텔링을 적용한 디지털 고구려박물관 전시

Using virtual spaces for exhibitions can help a museum move beyond various restrictions of physical space. One of the biggest advantages is that it can use space more freely, However, whether in a digital or a physical space, one must always focus on telling the story underlying the exhibition. After all, the success of the exhibition relies on what story is chosen and how it is told. Most of the artifacts and sites related to Koguryo are located in North Korea and China, which means it is difficult to create an on-site physical exhibition like those for Silla, a millennial kingdom, Gaya, the maritime kingdom, or Baekje, the center of the East Asian trades. Thus, it would be beneficial to actively adopt digital exhibition methods and create virtual spaces to showcase the history and culture of Koguryo. The exhibition space of the Digital Koguryo Museum can be divided into early, medium and late stages according to the development of Koguryo history. It is a good idea to divide the exhibition rooms by time by two or three, allowing visitors to know history and culture at the same time. The two exhibition rooms of the early period are the day of Yuhwa room, the day above the ondol. Visitors can understand the mythical thinking, Koguryo residential culture, and food culture at the beginning of the establishment of Koguryo through the two exhibition rooms. The two exhibition rooms in the middle period are the hoof of the horse and color skirt. Each exhibition room will help to understand the development of Koguryo's history, which has expanded the influence of Koguryo culture through the expansion of the area and to meet the gorgeous culture of Koguryo with a costume culture.. The three exhibition rooms in the latter period are blue dragon & white tiger, Cheonlijangseong and sky. Visitors can see that the four Deities tomb murals are deeply related to the development of the late political society. As a result of the power struggle over the construction of the Cheonlijiangseong, the dictatorship by Yeongaesomun was established, which deepened the conflict between the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Koguryo. The notion of Koguryo's sky can provide an opportunity to meet Koguryo's astronomical knowledge and the world of civilization.

544 Creating Communities for Burn Survivors Using Metaverse Platform

Abstract Introduction In the post-COVID-19 era, as face-to-face activities become difficult, the psychosocial difficulties of burn survivors are increasing, and their social isolation is also intensifying. At this time, studies on the effectiveness of online intervention have been reported, and demand for the use of metaverse platforms that can supplement face-to-face activities is also increasing. Accordingly, the metaverse platform was intended to be used to prevent social isolation of burn survivors and to prepare a social support system, and their experiences were analyzed and its impact was investigated. Methods Among the various metaverse platforms, Burn Hospital was established on Gather Town platform, which can present or communicate on an online map and has the function of producing or sharing videos, writings, and paintings. Main plaza, auditorium, education room, exhibition room, counseling room, and play room were built on the platform, and burn survivors could access the treatment process and various information, and at the same time, they could easily access the content with their families through programs by treatment stage, age, and group. In particular, various education, workshops, and support groups were held to share burn experiences with each other and provide opportunities to benchmark each other's overcoming strategies. In addition, using Ifland, a mobile phone app-based platform, education on safety and burn awareness improvement campaigns were conducted to citizens. Results A total of 700 people participated in a total of 20 education and lectures held at Burn Hospital on Gather Town platform, which opened on December 18, 2021. In addition, art therapy programs for children burn survivors are underway every week. Most of the participants evaluated their experiences on the metaverse platform as new and fun, and it was positively evaluated that geographical limitations could be overcome and community support group meetings were possible. Conclusions It was evaluated that the establishment of communities using metaverse has a positive effect on helping the psychosocial recovery of burn survivors and their families and establishing a social support system. In particular, compared to face-to-face services, it was time-wise and economically efficient and had the advantage of being able to experience interesting factors. On the other hand, it is somewhat difficult for burn survivors who have difficulty using PC to access the platform, so digital literacy education should be preceded, and support for improving digital accessibility is needed. Applicability of Research to Practice Along with face-to-face services, it is expected that the community activities of burn survivors using the metaverse platform will continue to expand, and it is expected to lead to the development of digital treatments in the future by developing various digital-based clinical programs to help burn survivors to recover physically and socially.

Audio Augmented Reality in Smart Learning Environments

Image processing-based augmented reality (AR) is widely used in several fields. However, audio content is also crucial in certain cases, for example, focusing on appreciating artwork in a museum, rather than a virtually synthesized image. In this study, an attempt was made to provide ubiquitous learning (u-learning) services by using audio AR for smart cities where people do not need smartphones, tablets, or wearable devices for learning. The concept of “unmanned stores” was introduced in the proposed learning environments. A 360° camera was mounted on the ceiling of an exhibition room. An algorithm was used to detect moving objects and locate a visitor, from whose position an information-processing platform searched the showpiece nearest to the visitor and selected the corresponding audio guide. For multiple visitors, infrared (IR) sensors were used to count the visitors inside the room. A loudspeaker array was built to emit directional sounds for eliminating interference between multiple sound sources. Along with the proposed algorithm for increasing the accuracy while sensing multiple movements, the conventional sound field synthesis method was modified to improve the listening experience and learning quality. Image-based sensor technology, IR detection, and an audio signal-processing platform were integrated into a smart environment in which people can conduct u-learning without personal devices. The method can provide immersive audio tours with virtual narrators and peer-helpers in schools, museums, and art galleries. Qualitative and quantitative analyses indicated that effective hands-free and eyes-free learning was achieved.