Exhaust Emission Characteristics Research Articles

Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with diesel-kerosene-ethanol: A multi-objective optimization study

The study explores the potential of ethanol as an additive on the performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine fueled with adulterated diesel considering the environmental protection agency tier 4 emission mandates. Results showed that the inclusion of ethanol in the adulterated diesel notably reduced engine exhaust emissions along with improvement in the performance and combustion parameters. The experiential study was followed by a Pareto-based multi-objective optimization study to achieve non-dominated solutions for the performance-emission paradigms under diesel-kerosene-ethanol blends. The functional relationships for the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II were acquired with the assistance of response surface methodology technique. The optimal values of the output parameters of the engine, such as brake thermal efficiency, cumulated oxide of nitrogen & unburned hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions were evaluated by utilizing a multi-attribute decision making technique using input parameters, such as brake mean effective pressure, kerosene share and ethanol share. The optimization result reveals that among the different running conditions used in this study, the engine can be operated in the most optimal manner at 2.2 bar brake mean effective pressure, 2.4% kerosene share (by volume) and 10% ethanol share (by volume).

Experimental investigation on the combustion, performance and exhaust emission characteristics of poppy oil biodiesel-diesel dual fuel combustion in a CI engine

In this study, a single cylinder, four-stroke, naturally aspirated with compression ratio of 18:1 direct injection diesel engine was run with opium poppy oil biodiesel-diesel fuel blends. The effects of diesel and biodiesel-diesel fuel blends were investigated experimentally on combustion, performance and emissions. Experiments were conducted with standard diesel fuel and opium poppy oil biodiesel-diesel fuel blends (OP10 and OP20) at maximum brake torque speed of 2200 rpm and five different engine load including 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. This study focuses on the detailed performance and combustion analysis with opium poppy biodiesel under different engine load and speeds. Test results showed that in-cylinder presssure and heat release rate increased with the increase of engine load when biodiesel fuel blends were used. ID period increased with the usage of biodiesel. Thermal efficiency decreased by about 5.73% and 13.05% with OP10 and OP20 compared to diesel respectively owing to lower calorific value of opium poppy oil biodiesel at 75% engine load. NOx increased 2.9% and 5.98% with OP10 and OP20 according to diesel at full load. On the contrary, CO decreased 14% and 17.42% with OP10 and OP20 compared to diesel at full load.

The Effects of Different Higher Alcohols (1-Butanol, 1-Pentanol, 1-Hexanol) Addition into the Diesel Fuel on the Performance, Combustion, and Exhaust Emission Characteristics of a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine

The reduction of petroleum reserves day by day all over the world depending on the increase in petroleum consumption and the reaching serious levels of environmental pollution have led researchers to search alternative and clean energy sources for internal combustion engines. The higher alcohols having four or more carbon atoms in their chemical structure come to the fore for diesel engines due to the negative properties of short-chain alcohols (methanol and ethanol) such as low energy content and cetane number. The aim of this study is to compare the performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection diesel engine operating with alternative fuels which contains 15% by volume of 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 1-hexanol alcohols (Bt15: 15% 1-butanol + 85% diesel fuel, Pt15: 15% 1- pentanol + 85% diesel fuel, Hx15: 15% 1-hexanol + 85% diesel fuel) with reference diesel fuel (D100) by testing at a fixed engine speed of 1500 rpm and different loads (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). As a result, it is noticed to be that alcohol-infused fuel blends caused to decrease the brake thermal efficiency and increase brake specific fuel consumption due to the lesser calorific values of the alcohols according to the diesel fuel. At 100% engine load, the maximum cylinder pressures were observed as 46.97 bar, 47.76 bar, 48.41 bar, and 48.91 bar, respectively while the peak net heat release rates of D100, Bt15, Pt15, and Hx15 were found to be at 29.55 J/o, 31.14 J/o, 32.66 J/o, and 33.80 J/o, respectively. Besides, it is determined that the ignition delay period of the alcohol-treated fuel blends is generally extended as compared to the diesel fuel because of the lower cetane number of alcohol. CO2 and O2 emissions increased with the addition of alcohol to diesel fuel while CO, HC and NOX emissions as well as exhaust gas temperatures reduced. When all experimental results were evaluated, it could be noted that the Hx15 blend gave the best results in terms of performance, emissions and combustion properties.

A Study Toward Analyzing the Energy, Exergy and Sustainability Index Based on Performance and Exhaust Emission Characteristics of a Spark-Ignition Engine Fuelled with the Binary Blends of Gasoline and Methanol or Ethanol

In this study, engine performance and exhaust emission tests were performed using pure gasoline and volumetrically 10% ethanol-C2 or methanol-C1/gasoline blends (G100, E10, and M10) fuels in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled, spark-ignition (SI) engine under constant engine speed (1500 rpm) and different loads (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). In the tested engine, the brake specific fuel consumption values of G100, M10 and E10 fuels under full load condition were found to be as 0.279 kg/kWh, 0.296 kg/kWh and 0.307 kg/kWh, respectively. When the exhaust emissions were examined, E10 and M10 fuels were observed to have lesser CO, CO2, NOX, and HC emissions compared to pure gasoline. The lowest CO emission was determined as 3.15% for E10 fuel at 75% load. NOX emission decreased with the increase of engine load in all fuel blends, the best performance is measured as 908.86 ppm in E10 fuel at 100% load. The minimum HC emission for E10 fuel was measured as 116.36 ppm at 75% load. Compared with G100 fuel, E10 and M10 blends emitted 39% and 35% less HC emissions, respectively at 75% load. In addition, E10 and M10 fuels generated 8% and 5% less CO2 emissions at all engine loads, respectively, as compared to G100 fuel. As a result of thermodynamic analyses; The highest exergy efficiency values were found to be at 21.0% for G100, 17.92% for E10, and 16.85% for M10, respectively. Besides, the energy efficiencies were obtained to be as 30.01% for G100, 28.33% for E10, and 29.90% for M10, respectively. According to the sustainability analysis, E10 fuel performed better results than M10 fuel in order to be an alternative to G100 fuel.

Biodiesel fueled combustion performance and emission characteristics under various intake air temperature and injection timing conditions

Abstract The purpose of this investigation is to clarify the combustion performance and exhaust emissions characteristics of biodiesel fueled compression ignition diesel engine under various intake air temperature and injection timing conditions. In order to clearly figure out the effect of intake air temperature, the flow rate of intake air was controlled at constant value before heating air. In addition, the engine speed and fuel injection quantity were fixed. Hence, the charging efficiency is constant even if the intake air temperature changes. At the injection timing BTDC 6° and 9°, high IMEPnet occurred and less NOX and HC were emitted. Here, as the intake air temperature increased, the vaporization characteristics of the fuel were improved and the ignition timing advanced close to TDC. Also, it was confirmed that the combustion duration prolonged. As a result, when the intake air temperature increases from 20 °C to 100 °C, IMEPnet increased slightly (0.39 → 0.41 MPa) owing to decreasing negative work and THC (0.85 → 0.51 g/kWh) and CO (3.72 → 1.34 g/kWh) emissions decreased, but NOX emission increased slightly (3.69 → 4.82 g/kWh). In addition, although the diameter of the most emitted PM increased relatively, the number decreased.

Investigation of performance and exhaust emissions of a chromium oxide coated diesel engine fueled with dibutyl maleate mixtures by experimental and ANN technique

Oxygenated fuel additives and thermal barrier coating (TBC) applications are noteworthy subjects that may reduce the exhaust emission levels and improve the performance of vehicles. In this study, the exhaust emission and performance characteristics of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) coated single cylinder diesel engine fueled with dibutyl maleate (DBM) blends were investigated. In addition, an artificial neural network (ANN) which had the ability to reduce experimental repeats, cost and time loss was designed and its performance was examined. Piston crown and valves of diesel engine were treated with chromium oxide. Experiments were carried out with DBM3, DBM6, DBM9 blends that contain 3%, 6%, 9% by volume of DBM, respectively. The results indicated that carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), smoke density, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) values reduced in the isolated engine (IE) whereas nitrogen oxide (NOX), exhaust gas temperature (EGT) and engine vibration (EV) values increased compared to standard engine (SE). The addition of DBM reduced CO, HC, smoke density, EGT, and engine vibration whereas NOX and BSFC values increased in both IE and SE. Consequences of ANN revealed that exhaust emission and performance attributes of an engine can be estimated with high accuracy.

Modeling of the engine performance and exhaust emissions characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel using nano-biochar added into ethanol-biodiesel-diesel blends

This survey was aimed at investigating the effect of biodiesel/ethanol content, nano-biochar concentration, and engine speed on the engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine. The different blend ratios of biodiesel/ethanol in neat diesel (0–8% by volume), nano-biochar particle concentrations (25–125 ppm), and engine speed (1800–2600 rpm) were used as input factors in RSM model. The experiments were designed, and models provided using the response surface method (RSM). All models derived for both engine performance and emissions variables were found to be statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. Interactive effects between the studied variables and responses were presented. In general, the inclusion of nano-biochar particles into diesel- biodiesel-ethanol blend showed a positive effect on both engine performance and exhaust emissions. The desirability approach based RSM was employed to predict the best engine working condition. The optimal engine working parameters for maximum engine performance and minimum exhaust emissions were identified as 2% biodiesel, 6% ethanol, 100 ppm nanoparticles, and 2123 rpm engine speed. The test results showed that at optimal parameters obtained, the values of the engine brake torque, power, BSFC, NOX, UHC, and CO were found to be 7.7 Nm, 1.7 kW, 219 g/kW h, 184 ppm, and 0.011%Vol., respectively.

Environment-Friendly Biodiesel/Diesel Blends for Improving the Exhaust Emission and Engine Performance to Reduce the Pollutants Emitted from Transportation Fleets

Biodiesel derived from biomass is a renewable source of fuel, and global application of biodiesel in the transport sector has rapidly expanded over the last decade. However, effort has been made to overcome its main shortcoming, i.e., efficiency and exhaust emission characteristics (NOx emissions) in unmodified diesel engines. Biodiesel combustion generally results in lower unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) in exhaust emissions compared to fossil diesel. In this study, various biodiesel blends (Chlorella vulgaris, Jatropha curcus, and Calophyllum inophyllum) were investigated for fuel characteristics, and engine performance with exhaust emission compared to diesel. Chlorella vulgaris, Jatropha curcus, and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel were synthesized by the acid–base transesterification approach in a microwave reactor and blended with conventional diesel fuel by volume. The fuel blends were denoted as MB10 (90% diesel + 10% microalgae biodiesel), MB20 (80% diesel + 20% microalgae biodiesel), JB10 (90% diesel + 10% jatropha biodiesel), JB20 (80% diesel + 20% jatropha biodiesel), PB10 (90% diesel + 10% polanga biodiesel) and PB20 (80% diesel + 20% polanga biodiesel). Experiments were performed using these fuel blends with a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine at different loads. It was shown in the results that, at rated load, thermal efficiency of the engine decreased from 34.6% with diesel to 34.1%, 33.7%, 34.1%, 34.0%, 33.9%, and 33.5% with MB10, MB20, JB10, JB20, PB10, and PB20 fuels, respectively. Unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke emissions improved with third-generation fuels (MB10, MB20) in comparison to base diesel fuel and second-generation fuels (JB10, JB20, PB10 and PB20). Oxides of nitrogen emissions were slightly increased with both the third- and second-generation fuels as compared to the base diesel. The combustion behavior of microalgae biodiesel was also very close to diesel fuels. In the context of comparable engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics, along with biofuel production yield (per year per acre), microalgae biodiesel could have a great potential as a next-generation sustainable fuel in compression engine (CI) engines compared to jatropha and polanga biodiesel fuels.

An experimental investigation on combustion, performance and ringing operation characteristics of a low compression ratio early direct injection HCCI engine with ethanol fuel blends

Homogenous charged compression ignition engines can be an alternative to spark ignition and compression ignition engines due to their high thermal efficiency and low exhaust emission characteristics. In this study, the effects of ethanol fuel blends on combustion, performance and ringing operation characteristics were investigated in an early direct injection homogenous charged compression ignition engine at a low compression ratio of 9.2. During the experiments, n-heptane, E10, E15 and E20 were used as test fuels. The experiments were carried out at three different intake air temperatures which are 353, 373 and 393 K, 800–1800 rpm engine speed range and 0.3–0.75 equivalence ratio range. The variations of indicated mean effective pressure, in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, CA10, CA50, CA90, combustion duration, combustion efficiency, thermal efficiency, indicated specific fuel consumption, maximum pressure rise rate, coefficient of variation of indicated mean effective pressure, ringing intensity and combustion noise level were evaluated. The results showed that the maximum in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate decreased with the increase of ethanol fuel ratio in the mixture. The CA10, CA50 and CA90 advanced and the combustion duration shortened with the increase of the n-heptane fuel in the mixture. The coefficient of variation of indicated mean effective pressure increased with the increase of the ethanol fuel ratio in the mixture at misfiring region. The maximum pressure rise rate, ringing intensity and combustion noise level were tended to increase with the increase of the equivalence ratio at all test conditions.

A detailed investigation on the performance, combustion, and exhaust emission characteristics of a diesel engine running on the blend of diesel fuel, biodiesel and 1-heptanol (C7 alcohol) as a next-generation higher alcohol

Alcohols are exceptional alternative fuels for the utilization in the compression-ignition (CI) engine due to their built-in fuel improving characteristics such as higher calorific value, higher cetane number, etc. Contrary to the lower-chain alcohols (methanol-C1, ethanol-C2, and propanol-C3), higher alcohols have an encouraging candidate for future diesel engine applications. Among the higher alcohols, 1-heptanol, having seven carbon atoms in the chemical structure, has preferable fuel properties. Therefore, there is a need to perform it as well as its blends with diesel fuel and biodiesel in the CI engine for extracting the characteristics of performance, emissions, and combustion. The objective of the present research work was to investigate the engine performance, exhaust gas emissions, and combustion behavior of a single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled, naturally-aspirated, direct-injection (DI) diesel engine running on the binary blends of 1-heptanol/diesel fuel and biodiesel/diesel fuel, and finally the ternary type of their derivations of 1-heptanol/biodiesel/diesel fuel. For the experimental usage, the biodiesel fuel was synthesized from the peanut oil through the transesterification process in the presence of potassium hydroxide and methanol. The several tested fuel samples were prepared by splash blending technique as B20 (20% peanut oil biodiesel and 80% diesel fuel), Hp20 (20% 1-heptanol and 80% diesel fuel), B20Hp20 (20% peanut oil biodiesel, 20% 1-heptanol and 60% diesel fuel). To acquire the engine characteristics, the engine tests were carried out at four engine loads (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) with a fixed engine speed of 1500 rpm. The experimental outcomes revealed that the least brake specific energy consumptions for diesel fuel, B20, Hp20, B20Hp20, and B100 were found to be at 8.78 MJ/kWh, 8.90 MJ/kWh, 8.85 MJ/kWh, 8.94 MJ/kWh, and 10.29 MJ/kWh, respectively at 100% load while the maximum brake thermal efficiency values were obtained as 40.81%, 40.46%, 40.67%, 40.27%, and 35.00, respectively. At 100% load, the peak heat release rate for B20, Hp20 and B20Hp20 were found to be at 37.53 J/deg, 37.80 J/deg and 37.91 J/deg, respectively while diesel fuel and peanut oil biodiesel have in order of 40.22 J/deg and 27.66 J/deg. The addition of 1-heptanol as an oxygenated additive into the diesel fuel and biodiesel/diesel fuel blend caused to decreasing CO and unburned HC emissions while increasing CO2, O2, and NOX emissions as compared to diesel fuel. It can be concluded that this paper discusses the viability of suggesting biodiesel-diesel-alcohol blends to supply the future energy demands of the world.

Effects of multiple uniformity split injection strategies on combustion and exhaust emission characteristics in a single-cylinder diesel engine

Effects of multiple uniformity split injection strategies on combustion and exhaust emission characteristics in a single-cylinder diesel engine

Preliminary Numerical Study on Exhaust Emission Characteristics of Particulate Matters and Nitrogen Oxide in a Marine Engine for Marine Diesel Oil and Dimethyl Ether Fuel

As concerns regarding environmental pollution, energy security and future oil supply continue to grow, communities around the world are looking for non-petroleum-based alternative fuels along with advanced energy technologies (e.g., fuel cells) to increase energy use efficiency. Compared with the main alternative fuel candidates (e.g., methane, methanol, ethanol and Fischer–Tropsch fuels), dimethyl ether (DME) seems to have a significant potential to solve the aforementioned problems and can be used as a clean, high-efficiency compressed ignition fuel with reduced nitrogen oxide, sulphur oxide and particulate matter (PM) emissions. In this study, the results of experiments using a ship engine and numerical analysis were verified using AVL BOOST software. Based on these verifications, nitrogen oxide and PM reduction characteristics were numerically analysed by controlling the diameter and spraying time of the fuel nozzle, which is the fuel injection system of a marine engine. When DME fuel was used, nitrogen oxide and PM emissions were reduced by 40% and 90%, respectively, compared with marine diesel oil fuel. To prove the viability of DME as an alternative fuel, combustion and exhaust characteristics were analysed in accordance with injection timing and the variation of nozzle hole.

Development of the predictive based control of an autonomous engine cooling system for variable engine operating conditions in SI engines: design, modeling and real-time application

This study includes the design of an autonomous cooling system and implementation of the system on gasoline-fueled internal combustion engine by using model predictive control (MPC) technique. The system designed with MPC provides superior performance in terms of engine thermal management compared to the conventional cooling system. This controller structure is selected because it can be easily adaptable to the multivariable control system and is relatively easy to adjust. In the first part of the study, a multi input multi output (MIMO) model for a gasoline engine cooling system is developed under different operating conditions by using system identification techniques. Then, the performance of the proposed predictive based engine cooling system is tested for both steady and transient engine operating conditions. The experimental results showed that the designed autonomous thermal management system outperforms compared to the conventional cooling system in terms of reducing fuel consumption, shortening of the engine warm-up time and improvement of the exhaust emission characteristics.

Characteristics of Exhaust Emissions for a Diesel Engine Fuelled by Corn Oil Biodiesel and Blended with Diesel Fuel

Environmentally friend biodiesel fuel from corn oil was tested in single-cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine operated. Three blends of fuels were prepared from corn oil and diesel fuel viz. 7, 15, and 20 % (designated as B7, B15, and B20, respectively). Tests were conducted on this engine using these blends at a constant speed (1500 rpm) and varying loads (0 % to 100 %). The emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOX) and smoke opacity were measured. In all engine loads, results showed that the emission of CO, HC, and smoke emissions were reduced, while that of NOX and CO2 were increased. Biodiesel blend (B20) showed the highest decrease of the CO and HC and smoke emissions by 22.13 %, 18.5 %, and 25.8 % respectively. While that of NOX and CO2 emissions were increased by 22.3 % and 22%, respectively. It can be recommended as a sound environment friend and renewable for use in diesel engines and can be used without any significant modifications in the engine design.

Investigation on the structural effects of the addition of alcohols having various chain lengths into the vegetable oil-biodiesel-diesel fuel blends: An attempt for improving the performance, combustion, and exhaust emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine

The scarcity of petroleum-based fuels and the augmentation of pollution levels have been the major parameters in the charge of the investigation of new and promising alternative fuel blends that can be used for the compression-ignition (CI) engine applications. In this context, the researches on renewable and sustainable fuels like vegetable oils, biodiesel, and alcohol for diesel engines have kept intensively for a long time. But, pure vegetable oils or biodiesel fuels may not be operated unaccompanied in diesel engines because of their high viscosity and density values. Accordingly, there is a great potential for the utilization of quaternary blends of biodiesel vegetable oil, alcohol, and diesel fuel in order to enhance the density and viscosity. In the present study, diesel fuel was blended with biodiesel (safflower oil methyl ester), biodiesel-vegetable oil (safflower oil), and biodiesel-vegetable oil-alcohol (ethanol-C2, isopropanol-C3, n-butanol-C4, or isopentanol-C5) mixture. The test fuels of diesel–biodiesel (80–20%), diesel–biodiesel-vegetable oil (70–20–10%), and diesel–biodiesel-vegetable oil-alcohol (60–20–10–10%) blends were prepared by the splash blending technique and experimented in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, air-cooled, direct-injection diesel engine generator set in order to investigate the performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics at five different engine loads (0, 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 W) with a fixed engine speed of 3000 rpm. The engine test results revealed that brake specific fuel consumption of the fuel blends increased between 4.54% and 27.82% compared to the diesel fuel while decreasing in brake thermal efficiency due to lower calorific value. In general, the overall emission values of all the tested fuel blends mitigated as compared to diesel. The combustion characteristics showed that the addition of various alcohols into the ternary blends led to rising in-cylinder pressure with decreased heat release rate. It is concluded that the diesel–biodiesel-vegetable oil-pentanol blend could be a suitable fuel mixture to improve the performance, combustion behaviors and reducing exhaust emissions.

Impact analysis of Calophyllum Inophyllum oil biodiesel on performance and emission characteristic of diesel engine under variation in compression ratio, engine load, and blend proportion

Biodiesel is the promising alternative to the diesel fuel used in compression ignition engine which required no modification in the existing engine. Moreover, it reduces the dependency, scarcity and frequent hike in the price of conventional fuel encourages to search for different fuel substitute to the CI Engines which are originally designed for the diesel fuel. Now the research is more focused on the availability of biodiesel feedstock, economical and optimisation. The present work, confer the study of the impact of variation in compression ratio on CI engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics when engine fuelled with biodiesel produced from Calophyllum Inophyllum non-edible feedstock. In the present work CI engine is run on diesel fuel, biodiesel blend of 25%, 50% and 75% under the engine load conditions of 0.75 kW, 1.50 kW, 2.25 kW, and 3.00 kW and varying the compression ratio form 14:1, 15:1, 16:1 and 17:1. The impact of use of biodiesel blend were investigated which is concluded that, the 25% Calophyllum Inophyllum oil biodiesel blend shows the nearest to the diesel fuel values and gives the better performance and emission characteristics among all other blend proportion and at the compression ratio of 16: 1 at full load engine conditions.

Investigation on effects of the exhaust emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with mahua oil methyl esters and its blends with diesel

Diesel engines are deliberately known for environmental pollution caused by exhaust emissions and are liable for many health issues further more. Emissions of diesel exhaust might lead to cancer, irritate the eyes, affects the nose, throat and lungs. Biodiesel is an eco-friendly and typical alternative fuel which is produced from vegetable oils through transesterification technique. Biodiesel has its own several advantages than the conventional diesel says decreased in carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) and particle matter (PM) emissions, and having fuel properties which are similar to conventional diesel for its easier use in diesel engines. The outcomes demonstrated that the production of lesser CO and HC emission using biodiesel. Nevertheless, a minor increment in NOx emission was noticed for mahua oil methyl ester blends. Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) for methyl ester blends was raised as compared to diesel. The combustion analysis exhibited a significant rise in combustion pressure and heat release rate with smaller ignition delay and extended combustion period. From the investigation, it could be said that the effects of mahua oil methyl esters and its blends on diesel engine when compared to conventional diesel ultimately minimizes the health effects of biodiesel exhaust exposure.

The effect of nano-biochar on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with fusel oil-diesel fuel

Extensive use of fossil-fuel energy has led to environmental problems such as climate change and global warming. Therefore, the need for environmentally friendly fuels has become urgent. The conversion of waste biomass to useful fuels is seems to be most effective and low-cost way to obtain renewable and clean fuels. Fuel additives are another promising solution to reduce harmful emissions resulted from vehicles. Although different nano-metal additives have been reported for reducing the emission of diesel engine, growing concerns have emerged regarding their toxic effects on living organisms and environmental impact. Utilizing bio-based nano additives can remarkably reduce these concerns. Fusel oil and sugarcane bagasse are the main by-products of sugarcane industries. Sugarcane nano-biochar (SNB), as a bagasse-based nanoparticle, is an excellent candidate for substituting conventional metallic-based fuel additives. The present work, for the first time, highlights the influence of fusel oil ratio, sugarcane nano-biochar concentration, and the engine speed on the engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a diesel engine operated at full-load. The optimal value of parameters for engine performance and exhaust emissions achieved by using the Response Surface Method (RSM). A blend of 10% fusel oil, a concentration of 100 ppm SNBs, and an engine speed of 2300 rpm were found to be optimal values with a maximum desirability value of 66%. In addition, fusel oil/SNBs usage decreased NOx and UHC emissions up to ~20.51% and ~14.6%, respectively, while increased CO emissions up to ~33%.

Experimental investigation of fusel oil (isoamyl alcohol) and diesel blends in a CI engine

The present paper details an experimental investigation of the combustion behaviours, exhaust emission and performance characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine fueled with fusel oil-diesel blends of volumetrically 10%, 15% and 20% into neat diesel fuel (F0) separately. Under steady-state conditions, the tests were performed at constant engine speed (2000 rpm), and four different engine loads (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 Nm). The results showed that CO and NOx emissions significantly reduced down to 52% and 20%, respectively with an increasing percentage of the fusel oil in the fusel oil-diesel blends. However, HC gradually increased up to 40% with the addition of fusel oil. With respect to the performance of the engine, the lowest BSFC and the highest BTE were seen in F0 test fuel owing to the higher heating value of F0. On the other hand, duration in ignition delay (ID) of fusel oil-diesel blends was longer than that of F0 due to the lower cetane number of the fusel oil. The maximum in-cylinder pressure (CPmax) and maximum heat release rates (HRRmax) of fusel oil containing fuels is higher in comparison with diesel fuel owing to the longer ID and oxygen atoms of excessive fusel oil. The combustion characteristics of fusel oil-diesel blends closely followed those of neat diesel fuel.

Research on Ship Exhaust Gas Accounting in Yangtze River

Based on the comparison and analysis of existing ship exhaust emission accounting methods, and combined with the characteristics of ship exhaust emissions in the Yangtze River channel, this paper selects the appropriate calculation idea, and revises the basic accounting method of ship exhaust emissions according to the calculation accuracy requirements in this paper. Finally, a calculation model for the emissions of ships in the Yangtze River channel is established, and its reliability and accuracy have been confirmed by model tests of the model data. In this paper, the Yangtze River ships are divided into sea-going ships and inland river ships, and their corresponding parameters are calculated respectively, in order to make sure that the accounting results have higher accuracy. The model has strong applicability to the exhaust emission of ships in the Yangtze River, and its calculation results are relatively accurate, and the calculation process is simple and efficient. This paper has a very high social significance and practical value for the analysis and model optimization study of the Yangtze River’s exhaust emission accounting.