Exercise Training In Individuals Research Articles

Iron management and exercise training in individuals with chronic kidney disease: lived experiences.

Non-anaemic iron deficiency is highly prevalent in people living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) but is underdiagnosed and undertreated, especially in earlier stages of CKD. A multicentre trial assessing the effect of intravenous iron supplementation in iron-deficiency but not anaemic people with CKD included a qualitative sub-study that aimed to explore the patient experience and psychosocial impact of living with CKD and iron deficiency, and the experience of the therapeutic intervention (intravenous iron and exercise). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 trial participants blinded to treatment. Topics explored included experiences of living with CKD and iron deficiency, symptoms, social and leisure activities, quality of life, and participants' views and experiences of receiving the therapeutic intervention. Thematic analysis was used to identify and report themes. Six overarching themes were identified: lack of awareness of iron deficiency; overwhelming feelings of tiredness; feeling limited; balancing emotions; perceptions and experiences of therapeutic treatment received; and impact of trial participation on life participation. Trial participation, specifically the exercise training, was perceived to be beneficial, with improvements in life participation and psychological wellbeing experienced. However, there were no clear differences between treatment groups, with mixed perceptions about which therapeutic treatment was received. The impact of tiredness on individuals with CKD is profound and can result in reduced vitality, impaired ability to engage in life activities and emotional conflict. Improved communication and support about psychosocial impact and management of symptoms, particularly fatigue, for people with CKD may be required, alongside effective therapeutic interventions, to improve symptom management and quality of life.

Unraveling the Role of Oxygen Pulse Variability in Endurance Exercise Training in Individuals with COPD: A Novel Approach to Response of Oxygen Pulse and Quality of Life in Pulmonary Rehabilitation.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airway inflammation, airflow limitation, reduced health-related quality of life (HRQL), and exercise intolerance. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is essential for COPD management, but outcomes may be influenced by individual physiological factors. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) measures oxygen pulse (O2P), an indicator of stroke volume, yet the impact of baseline O2P on PR effectiveness remains unclear. This retrospective study included 97 participants with COPD who had received PR, of whom 48 were classified as Group 1 (normal O2P) and 49 as Group 2 (low O2P). PR involved 12weeks of hospital-based endurance training on a bike, performed twice a week. Participants were assessed before and after PR using spirometry, respiratory muscle strength measurements, CPET, and HRQL evaluation with the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). PR significantly improved exercise capacity (peak work rate and oxygen consumption), dyspnea score, and all domains of the SGRQ, maximum expiratory pressure, ventilatory equivalent, respiratory rate, and mean blood pressure at rest in both groups (p < 0.05). However, improvements in O2P, maximal inspiratory pressure, and tidal volume at rest were observed only in Group 2 but not in Group 1. PR improves exercise capacity, HRQL and specific respiratory function in participants with COPD, regardless of baseline O2P levels. Individuals with lower baseline O2P experience more benefits from PR, including a significant increase in O2P.

Human motor performance assessment with lower limb exoskeletons as a potential strategy to support healthy aging—a perspective article

With increasing age, motor performance declines. This decline is associated with less favorable health outcomes such as impaired activities of daily living, reduced quality of life, or increased mortality. Through regular assessment of motor performance, changes over time can be monitored, and targeted therapeutic programs and interventions may be informed. This can ensure better individualization of any intervention approach (e.g. by considering the current motor performance status of a person) and thus potentially increase its effectiveness with regard to maintaining current performance status or delaying further decline. However, in older adults, motor performance assessment is time consuming and requires experienced examiners and specific equipment, amongst others. This is particularly not feasible in care facility/nursing home settings. Wearable robotic devices, such as exoskeletons, have the potential of being used to assess motor performance and provide assistance during physical activities and exercise training for older adults or individuals with mobility impairments, thereby potentially enhancing motor performance. In this manuscript, we aim to (1) provide a brief overview of age-related changes of motor performance, (2) summarize established clinical and laboratory test procedures for the assessment of motor performance, (3) discuss the possibilities of translating established test procedures into exoskeleton-based procedures, and (4) highlight the feasibility, technological requirements and prerequisites for the assessment of human motor performance using lower limb exoskeletons.

The Evaluation of the Quality and Content of YouTube Videos as a Source of Aerobic Exercise Training for Diabetic Individuals

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the quality and characteristics of aerobic exercise training videos for diabetic individuals published on YouTube. Methods: In this study, 57 videos were included by searching with the keywords "aerobics, exercise, diabetes". For the reliability assessment, the modified DISCERN scale and Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) criteria were used and for the quality and usefulness assessment, the Global Quality Scale (GQS) was used. Results: In our study, it was observed that most of the videos ( 64.9%, n=37) we analysed (n=57) were produced by non-health video sources. Although DISCERN scores of videos produced by healthcare professionals (3.15±0.81) showed a statistically significant difference compared to videos produced by non-health video producers (2.46±0.93), they were found to be more reliable (p

Partial involvement of nitric oxide synthase in increased pilocarpine-induced sweating in exercise-trained men.

The physiological mechanisms involved in augmented cholinergic agonist-induced sweating in exercise-trained individuals remain unclear. This study hypothesizes that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) contributes to augmented pilocarpine-induced sweating in habitually exercise-trained individuals. Endurance-trained and untrained men (n=15 each) iontophoretically received 1% L-NAME, a NOS inhibitor, and saline (control) in the forearm and then administered 0.001% and 1% pilocarpine to evaluate sweat rate. L-NAME administration attenuated pilocarpine-induced sweating by 10% in the exercise-trained (P = 0.004) but not in untrained (P = 0.764) groups independent of pilocarpine concentrations. Results indicate that NOS partially contributes to increased cholinergic sweating in exercise-trained men.

Exploring frailty: muscle strength, functional capacity, activities of daily living and cognition in adult congenital heart disease

Purpose The study aimed to assess frailty in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) and to compare muscle strength, functional capacity, activities of daily living (ADL), and cognition between frail and non-frail ACHD patients. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study design was used. Sixty people with ACHD aged between 18 and 45 years were included. Frailty was determined according to the Fried criteria. Peripheral muscle strength was assessed with a digital dynamometer, functional capacity with the 6-min walk test (6MWT), ADL with the Glittre ADL test, and cognition with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Results Frailty was seen in 38.33% (frail = 23 and non-frail = 37) of the participants. In the frail patients, dominant knee extensor strength (p = 0.002), shoulder abductor strength (p = 0.005), 6MWT distance (p = 0.021), and MoCA score (p = 0.005) were significantly lower than those in the non-frail patients. Glittre ADL test (p = 0.002) was significantly higher in the frail patients. Conclusions Muscle strength, functional capacity, ADL, functional mobility, and cognition were lower in the frail participants with ACHD. Early assessment of frailty in ACHD and planning individualized exercise training programs for frail individuals may be a strategy to reduce the impact of frailty on adverse clinical outcomes.

Efficacy of the Otago-Exercise-Programme to reduce falls in community-dwelling adults aged 65-80 when delivered as group or individual training: Non-inferiority-clinical-trial

BackgroundThe Otago Exercise Programme is an effective intervention for falls prevention. However, there is limited evidence in relation to studies that compare efficacy for falls prevention when delivered Otago Exercise Programme in a group or individual format in a primary care context.ObjectiveTo compare the Otago Exercise Programme delivered as a group vs. individual format for community dwelling older adults, over a one year period. The hypothesis was that neither format would be inferior to the other.MethodsDesign:A four-year multicentre, randomized, non-inferiority clinical trial, with two arms— Otago Exercise Programme group training and individual Otago exercise training. Setting(s): 21 primary healthcare centers. Participants: A sample size of 728 participants was established. Participants were aged between 65 and 80 years; living in the community; able to walk independently; and agreed to take part in the study and provided signed informed consent. Intervention: The Otago Exercise Programme was delivered mainly by nurses in primary care, with five face to face sessions, and a reinforcement 6 months later. Participants were encouraged to exercise at home between face to face sessions. Data collection: at baseline and after 6 and 12 months from October 2017 to 2020. Primary outcome: people who reported at least one fall. Secondary outcomes: number of falls, cause of falls, consequences and assistance, adherence and satisfaction. Group allocation was blinded to the researchers involved in analysis. Reporting: Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials recommendations for the Statement for Randomized Trials of Nonpharmacologic Treatments.ResultsEight hundred twenty-seven participants were randomized (226 were allocated in group training and 272 in individual training). The analysis of the proportion of people who reported at least one fall and number of falls showed no differences between individual and group training. Assessment of the equivalence between the interventions at 12 months showed that the confidence interval for the difference of people who reported at least one fall was found to be within the equivalence limit of 10% considered. However, in those participants with a previous history of falls, group format showed potentially greater benefit. The participants in individual training presented higher scores on the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale test. No differences were found in satisfaction between the groups.ConclusionsThe group Otago Exercise Programme is equivalent to individually delivered Otago Exercise Programme in terms of prevention of falls over a 12-month follow up. Adherence was higher in individual training. Implications: Healthcare professionals could offer either Otago Exercise Programme format dependent on patient preference and be confident that that standardized intervention provides patient benefit.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03320668). Data registration 31/10/2017.

Does green tea catechin enhance weight-loss effect of exercise training in overweight and obese individuals? a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Green tea (GT) is a common component of supplements known as fat burners. It has gained popularity as an ergogenic aid for weight reduction to assist with obesity management. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to explore the effect of green tea ingestion coupled with exercise training (EX) on body composition and lipid profile in overweight and obese individuals. Two independent researchers systematically searched the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies with a randomized-controlled design to compare the effect of green tea in conjunction with exercise training (EX+GT) versus exercise training alone (EX+P) in overweight or obese participants were included. Of the 1,015 retrieved studies, 24 were identified to undergo full-text review, out of which 10 randomized trials met the inclusion criteria. EX+GT versus EX+P had a small and consistent effect on weight [Standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.30, CI: -0.53 to -0.07], BMI [SMD = -0.33 CI: -0.64 to -0.02] and fat reduction [SMD = -0.29, CI: -0.57 to -0.01] and there was no evidence of heterogeneity across the trials. When compared to EX+P, EX+GT had no greater effect on lipid profile improvement [triglyceride: SMD = -0.92, CI: -1.30 to 0.49; LDL: SMD = -1.44, CI: -0.73 to 0.82; HDL: SMD = 0.56, CI -0.71 to 0.46; and total cholesterol SMD = -0.54, CI -0.85 to 0.13]. Current evidence suggests that green tea could have quite minimal additive benefit over exercise-induced weight loss. However, incorporation of green tea into exercise training does not seem to exert additional benefits on lipid profile and it warrants further investigations in the future.

A Pilot Study on the Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiorespiratory Performance, Quality of Life, and Immunologic Variables in Long COVID.

Objectives: Fatigue is a prominent feature of long COVID (LC) and may be related to several pathophysiologic mechanisms, including immune hyperstimulation. Aerobic endurance exercise training may be a useful therapy, with appropriate attention to preventing post-exertional malaise. Methods: Fourteen participants completed a pilot study of aerobic exercise training (twenty 1.5 h sessions of over 10 weeks). Cardiorespiratory fitness, 6 min walk distance, quality of life, symptoms, 7-day physical activity, immunophenotype, and inflammatory biomarkers were measured before and after exercise training. Results: The participant characteristics at baseline were as follows: 53.5 ± 11.6 yrs, 53% f, BMI 32.5 ± 8.4, 42% ex-smokers, 15.1 ± 8.8 months since initial COVID-19 infection, low normal pulmonary function testing, V.O2peak 19.3 ± 5.1 mL/kg/min, 87 ± 17% predicted. After exercise training, participants significantly increased their peak work rate (+16 ± 20 W, p = 0.010) and V.O2peak (+1.55 ± 2.4 mL/kg/min, p = 0.030). Patients reported improvements in fatigue severity (-11%), depression (-42%), anxiety (-29%), and dyspnea level (-46%). There were no changes in 6MW distance or physical activity. The circulating number of CD3+, CD4+, CD19+, CD14++CD16, and CD16++CD14+ monocytes and CD56+ cells (assessed with flow cytometry) increased with acute exercise (rest to peak) and was not diminished or augmented by exercise training. Plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, INF-γ, and INF-λ were normal at study entry and not affected by training. Conclusions: Aerobic endurance exercise training in individuals with LC delivered beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory fitness, quality of life, anxiety, depression, and fatigue without detrimental effects on immunologic function.

Can general exercise training and pelvic floor muscle training be used as an empowering tool among women with endometriosis? Experiences among women with endometriosis participating in the intervention group of a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe potential benefit of exercise in alleviating symptoms of endometriosis is unclear. Still, exercise may be used to empower women and manage disease symptoms. The purpose of this study was to explore how regular supervised group- and individual exercise training, including pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), is experienced among women with endometriosis after participating in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).MethodsAmong 41 women randomized to exercise training for four months, ten women were interviewed about their experiences with exercise training after participation in the trial. The weekly group training was led by women’s health physiotherapists and included individualized and progressive muscular strength training of large muscle groups and the pelvic floor muscles, in addition to endurance-, flexibility, and relaxation training. An individual training program followed the same principles as the group training and was to be performed 3–5 times per week, depending on the level of intensity. PFMT was recommended daily. The women also received a group pain management course emphasizing exercise training as self-management. Using inductive reflexive thematic analysis, responses to the question “Did participation in the study change your view of exercise as part of the treatment for endometriosis?“ were analyzed.ResultsThe women brought forward the importance of knowledge about the benefits of exercise to make informed decisions in disease management. Further, the women described how exercise training was perceived as less frightening and manageable when exposed to various intensities, dosages, and types of exercises in a safe and supportive environment. PFMT was especially brought forward as something new and appreciated, and for some of the women, to be performed on days when their bodies could not handle the general exercise training. They also expressed that the supervised exercise brought an extra dimension of belonging through group participation.ConclusionsIndividualization and regular supervision seem important to empower women with knowledge about exercise training as self-management and to experience exercise training as safe and non-threatening. Further, creating a sense of belonging through group training may improve social support and build active coping strategies that are essential for disease management of endometriosis.Trial registrationNCT05091268 (registered 23.09.2021).

Aerobic Exercise in Individuals with Restless Legs Syndrome: A Case Series Study

Purpose: Exercise has been demonstrated to alleviate restless legs syndrome (RLS) symptoms in individuals with RLS, but little studies are available on the physical health of primary RLS. This case series aim to describe outcome after the training of supervised aerobic exercise training in individuals with RLS. Case Report: Five individuals with RLS were received with a supervised aerobic exercise training 2 days per week for 12 weeks. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale (IRLS) was used to detect the severity of RLS. The Turkish version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure sleep quality. The functional effect of fatigue was evaluated with Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS). The Six-Minute Walk test (6MWT) were used to determine the functional exercise capacity. All assessments took place at baseline and post-intervention. Conclusion: Following aerobic exercise, clinically meaningful changes in the severity of RLS, PSQI, and 6MWT were reported in all individuals with severe RLS. Four of 5 patients improved their FIS at post-intervention. These results suggest that 24-session supervised aerobic exercise training might help to improve RLS severity, sleep quality, fatigue, and exercise capacity in an individual with RLS.

Common questions and misconceptions about protein supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?

Protein supplementation often refers to increasing the intake of this particular macronutrient through dietary supplements in the form of powders, ready-to-drink shakes, and bars. The primary purpose of protein supplementation is to augment dietary protein intake, aiding individuals in meeting their protein requirements, especially when it may be challenging to do so through regular food (i.e. chicken, beef, fish, pork, etc.) sources alone. A large body of evidence shows that protein has an important role in exercising and sedentary individuals. A PubMed search of "protein and exercise performance" reveals thousands of publications. Despite the considerable volume of evidence, it is somewhat surprising that several persistent questions and misconceptions about protein exist. The following are addressed: 1) Is protein harmful to your kidneys? 2) Does consuming "excess" protein increase fat mass? 3) Can dietary protein have a harmful effect on bone health? 4) Can vegans and vegetarians consume enough protein to support training adaptations? 5) Is cheese or peanut butter a good protein source? 6) Does consuming meat (i.e., animal protein) cause unfavorable health outcomes? 7) Do you need protein if you are not physically active? 8) Do you need to consume protein ≤ 1 hour following resistance training sessions to create an anabolic environment in skeletal muscle? 9) Do endurance athletes need additional protein? 10) Does one need protein supplements to meet the daily requirements of exercise-trained individuals? 11) Is there a limit to how much protein one can consume in a single meal? To address these questions, we have conducted a thorough scientific assessment of the literature concerning protein supplementation.

Cardiac hemodynamics phenotypes and individual responses to training in coronary heart disease patients.

In patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), individualized exercise training (ET) programs are strongly recommended to optimize peak oxygen uptake ( O2peak) improvement and prognosis. However, the cardiac hemodynamic factors responsible for a positive response to training remain unclear. The aim of this study was to compare cardiac hemodynamic changes after an ET program in responder (R) versus non-responder (NR) CHD patients. A total of 72 CHD patients completed a 3-month ET program and were assessed by cycle ergometer cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET: O2peak assessment) with impedance cardiography (ICG) for hemodynamic measurements before and after training. Cardiac hemodynamics (e.g., CO, CI, SV, ESV, EDV, and SVR) were measured by ICG during CPET. The R and NR groups were classified using the median change in O2peak (>the median for R and ≤the median for NR). In the R group, O2peak (+17%, p < 0.001), CO, CI, SV, and HR increased by 17%, 17%, 13%, and 5%, respectively (p < 0.05) after the training program. In the NR group, O2peak, CO, CI, and SV increased by 0.5%, 5%, 8%, and 6%, respectively (p < 0.01). The SVR decreased in both groups (-19% in R and -11% in NR, p < 0.001). Among CHD patients, the R group showed a better improvement in peak cardiac output via an increase in peak stroke volume and heart rate and a reduced systemic vascular resistance than the NR group. Different cardiac phenotype adaptations and clinical individual responses were identified in CHD patients according to the aerobic fitness responder's status.

Long-term follow-up on patient-reported outcomes after supervised exercise training in individuals at risk of complications to type 2 diabetes

AimsWe investigated long-term changes of patient-reported outcomes after a supervised exercise intervention in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MethodsIn an intervention study without a control group, follow-up assessments were performed 12 months after initiating 12 weeks of physical exercise in individuals with T2D at intermediate or high risk of complications. Primary outcomes were health-related quality of life assessed with EQ-5D-5L, empowerment with Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form, and self-reported physical activity with the Physical Activity Scale. Secondary outcomes were physical function (30-s chair-stand test) and working capacity (Aastrand or Graded Cycling Test). Results153 participants completed follow-up (35% women, age (mean ± SD) 67 ± 11 years, body mass index 33.1 ± 5.9 kg/m2, glycated haemoglobin A1c 7.8 ± 3.7%). No changes were reported in health-related quality of life (index score p = 0.444, visual analogue scale p = 0.270), empowerment (p = 0.232), and moderate intensity physical activity (p = 0.917). Vigorous intensity physical activity decreased (mean (95% CI) −25.5 (−37.14; −13.94) min/day, p < 0.001). Physical function increased (p < 0.001) and working capacity decreased (Aastrand p = 0.002, Graded Cycling Test p = 0.039). ConclusionsHealth-related quality of life, empowerment, and self-reported moderate intensity physical activity time remained elevated at the long-term follow-up after a supervised exercise intervention.

A Current State of the Art and Science of Exercise in Dialysis: A Narrative Review.

The purpose of the review is to discuss current proven benefits and problems of integrating exercise in the care of people receiving dialysis by reviewing literature from the last few years and identifying important questions that still need to be asked and answered. A focused review and appraisal of the literature were done. Original peer-reviewed articles, review articles, opinion pieces and guidelines were identified from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Only sources in English were accessed. Search terms "exercise" and "dialysis" were used to find active recruiting randomized trials in various clinical trial registry platforms. Numerous studies have demonstrated the benefits of exercise training in individuals receiving dialysis, limited by factors such as short duration of follow-up and inconsistent adverse event reporting and outcomes selected. Notable gaps in exercise research in dialysis include ways to maintain programs and patient motivation, studies in peritoneal dialysis and home hemodialysis patients, and how best to define and measure outcomes of interest. This review summarizes the current state of exercise in people receiving dialysis and serves as a call to action to conduct large, randomized controlled trials to improve the quality of evidence needed to implement and sustain innovative, exercise interventions, and programs for this population.

Effects of combined interventions to optimize performance during high‐intensity exercise in trained individuals

AbstractDifferent interventions can independently improve athletic performance via different central or peripheral mechanisms, but little is known about their potential combination. We tested the effects of seven combined interventions (enhanced recovery package [ERP]) on performance during intermittent high‐intensity cycling compared with placebo. Sixteen trained men (maximal power output: 5.0 ± 0.5 W･kg−1) completed six 30‐s cycling sprints with 3‐min breaks in‐between under ERP, placebo, and control conditions. The ERP combined neck cooling, carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinsing, carbohydrate and water ingestion, hyperventilation, hyperoxia, and potentiation maneuvers. Power output, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, rate of perceived exertion, and gas exchange were compared between the ERP and placebo conditions. Mean power output was higher during ERP compared with placebo (570 ± 74 W vs. 560 ± 71 W, p &lt; 0.001, dz = 1.15). Heart rate was higher (+3 ± 4 bpm, p = 0.012) during ERP, as was breathing frequency (+2.4 ± 4.0 breaths･min−1, p = 0.028) and respiratory exchange ratio (+0.12 ± 0.06, p &lt; 0.001). Oxygen uptake was 80 ± 109 mL･min−1 lower (p = 0.013) for ERP. No differences were found with regards to the rate of perceived exertion or blood lactate concentration. Performance gains with ERP were small in magnitude but consistent across individuals. The ERP might have prevented a loss of aerobic efficiency or increased reliance on anaerobic energy. Testing combined interventions might increase the chances to see beyond daily variability in practice.

PAHFKB: A knowledge base to support personalized exercise prescription recommendations in prevention and intervention of heart failure.

Guidelines for exercise recommendations are typically designed for the population as a whole and do not account for individual differences, making it challenging to provide personalized exercise training for individuals with complex conditions. To address this issue, this study aimed to develop PAHFKB (Physical Activity-Heart Failure Knowledge Base), a knowledge-based system for personalized exercise prescription (EP) for heart failure (HF), by mining, analyzing, and organizing existing literature and data on the relationship between physical activity (PA) and HF. Firstly, 3186 citations on PAHF were gathered from PubMed. Then, the data standards for personalized PAHF were defined with the entity-relationship model. Following data collection in accordance with these standards, PAHFKB was developed using MySQL and ASP.NET, integrating elaborate and diverse PAHF evidence, knowledge-based EP and visualization tools. PAHFKB (pahfkb.sysbio.org.cn) incorporated 357 studies published between 1989 and 2021, involving over 900,000 subjects from 43 countries. And 1010 PAHF items were extracted, encompassing 357 exercise training protocols, 333 outcomes, and 42 risk factors for HF prevention and intervention. Among all protocols, the most frequently employed regimen consisted of three 60-minute sessions of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training on a weekly basis. PAHFKB is an online system designed to support personalized EP in HF management. It incorporates diverse tools and visualization and will promote personalized decision support, establish data standards, and advance interpretable artificial intelligence in digital health. Ultimately, it will enhance clinical practice and digital therapy in the prevention and intervention of HF.

Effects of exercise training after acute coronary syndromes in octogenarians - prospective 12-month evaluation.

Aim: To demonstrate the impact of individual exercise training on the course of the disease, exercise tolerance and quality of life (QoL) in patients over 75 years after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Materials and methods: Study included octogenarians after ACS randomly assigned into two groups: a training group (ExT) subjected to individualized physical training and a control group (CG) with standard recommendations for activity. Patients underwent exercise tolerance test (ETT), 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), NHP and QoL questionnaires evaluation, lab tests, ECG, echocardiographic examination at the beginning and after 2, 6 and 12 months. Results: Study included 51 patients, mean age 80 years, 50% men, all patients completed the study. Initial physical capacity was comparable in both groups. After 2-month training the average ETT exercise time increased by 12.5% (p=0.0004), the load increased by 13% (p=0.0005) and the 6-MWT results improved by 8.3% (p=0.0114). Among CG these changes were not significant. But 6 and 12 months after training cessation 6-MWT results returned to the initial values (p=0.069, p=0.062 respecitvely). Average ETT exercise time and average load decreased significantly after 12 months (p=0.0009, p=0.0006). Level of pain was significantly lower at the end of the training in ExT group (p=0.007), but it returned to initial 12 months later (p=0.48). QoL deteriorated significantly in the ExT group 12 months after training cessation (p=0.04). Conclusions: Cardiac rehabilitation in octogenarians after ACS was safe and improved physical performance in a short period of time. Cessation of training resulted in a loss of achieved effects and deterioration of the QoL.

Alterations in RNA editing in skeletal muscle following exercise training in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease behind Alzheimer's Disease, currently affecting more than 10 million people worldwide and 1.5 times more males than females. The progression of PD results in the loss of function due to neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. The etiology of PD is multifactorial, including both genetic and environmental origins. Here we explored changes in RNA editing, specifically editing through the actions of the Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs), in the progression of PD. Analysis of ADAR editing of skeletal muscle transcriptomes from PD patients and controls, including those that engaged in a rehabilitative exercise training program revealed significant differences in ADAR editing patterns based on age, disease status, and following rehabilitative exercise. Further, deleterious editing events in protein coding regions were identified in multiple genes with known associations to PD pathogenesis. Our findings of differential ADAR editing complement findings of changes in transcriptional networks identified by a recent study and offer insights into dynamic ADAR editing changes associated with PD pathogenesis.

Investigation of the Effects of Remote Online Exercise Training in Individuals Self-Isolating at Home Due to COVID-19 Disease: A Randomized Controlled Study

Objective: Effectiveness of a 4-week telerehabilitation program including thoracic expansion exercises (TEE), non-specific general body exercises (NSGBE), and physical activity recommendations (PAR) which started at quarantine in individuals with acute mild-COVID-19 was investigated in current study. Methods: This is a randomized controlled study which was performed between May 2021 and February 2022. Adult individuals with acute mild-COVID-19 were randomly grouped as training (TG) (telerehabilitation program under supervision for 3 days/week) and control (CG) (home program including TEE and PAR). Dyspnea (Modified Borg Scale and Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale), chronic fatigue (Checklist Individual Strength Questionnaire), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), balance (Berg Functional Balance Scale) and lower body strength (a 30-s chair stand test) were evaluated remotely in the individuals before and after a 4-week follow-up. Results: Baseline characteristics and balance scores were similar between groups (p&gt;0.05). After 4-week from baseline, there were no significant differences in dyspnea, chronic fatigue, anxiety, depression, balance, and lower body strength between the groups (p&gt;0.05). However, as dyspnea, chronic fatigue, anxiety, and depression scores decreased, lower body strength increased significantly within TG after follow-up (p&lt;0.05). Dyspnea, chronic fatigue, and anxiety scores decreased while lower body strength increased significantly within CG after follow-up (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Dyspnea, severe fatigue, anxiety, and depression are commonly observed in individuals with mild-COVID-19 in the acute period. In these individuals, dyspnea perception, chronic fatigue, anxiety, depression, and functional performance improve after a 4-week light-intensity online tele-program applied either supervised or unsupervised. Mild exercises and PAR are safe and effective in these individuals.