Exercise Sheet Research Articles

THE INFLUENCE OF POSTPARTUM EXERCISE ON LEVEL OF AFTERPAINSIN POSTPARTUM WOMEN

Introduction: Postpartum period is the period after childbirth up to 6 weeks or 42 days, during the postpartum period, the reproductive organs slowly undergo changes, namely uterine involution, which can cause post-partum pain. Postpartum exercise is a form of early ambulation for postpartum women aimed at facilitating the involution process. Objective: The purpose of the research is to investigate the influence of postpartum exercise on the level of afterpains. Method: This research using the 'quasi-experimental' method, with a one-group pretest-posttest-design approach. The sample used in this study was 10 respondents at the Permata Bunda Hospital. The sample were taken by purposive sampling The collecting data tool used a standard of operational procedure chcek list of post-partum exercise and observation sheet on pain. Data analysis using paired samples t-test. Result: The result showed the majority of post-partum mother’s pain decreased from moderate pain to mild pain 8 (80%), from severe pain to moderate pain 2 (20 %). There is an effect of postpartum exercises on the level of afterpains in postpartum women p-value of 0.00> 0.05. Conclusion: The results of the respondent's pain level after being given postpartum exercise during the posttest the pain level decreased.

Orofacial myofunctional reeducation: how to handle simple in office cases?

The prevalence of lingual dyspraxia is high but not all patients require management by a physical therapist. The aim of this article is to propose a decisional flow chart separating, via diagnostic criteria, patients who can be managed in office from patients requiring oromyofunctional rehabilitation by an oro-myo-functional rehabilitation (OMR) professional and to provide, if necessary, simple exercise sheets. An expert, a maxillofacial physiotherapist from the Fournier school, has proposed, based on the literature, her experience as a clinician and in consultation with orthodontists, different criteria for the severity of dyspraxia as well as exercises to be implemented for cases that are manageable in the office. The decision tree, diagnostic criteria and exercises are provided. The flowchart is based on the literature, mainly on expert opinion given the low level of evidence of published studies. The exercise sheet was created by a physiotherapist from the Fournier school and necessarily reflects this influence. Further studies such as a clinical trial could compare the validity of the WBR indication obtained by an orthodontist using the decision tree with the blinded indication given by a physical therapist. In addition, the effectiveness of in-office rehabilitation could be evaluated using a control group.

Quality of knee strengthening exercises performed at home deteriorates after one week

BackgroundTo compare the performance (as determined by lower extremity kinematics) of knee exercises in healthy middle-aged and older individuals immediately after instruction and one week later.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study in a laboratory setting. Nineteen healthy volunteers (age [y] 63.1 ± 8.6, mass [kg] 76.3 ± 14.7, height [m] 1.7 ± 0.1) participated in this study. High speed video and reflective markers were used to track motion during four exercises. The exercises were knee flexion, straight leg raise, and “V “in supine position, and hip abduction in side lying position. All participants received verbal and tactile cues during the training phase and the therapist observed and, if necessary, corrected the exercises. Upon return a week later the participants performed the same exercises without any further instructions. Knee and hip sagittal and rotational angles were extracted from the motion capture. A repeated measures t-test was used to compare the motions between two visits.ResultsParticipants demonstrated more knee flexion during straight leg raise and “V in” exercises at the 2nd visit compared to the 1st visit (both p < 0.05). During the “V out” exercise, they performed more external rotation (p < 0.05) while they showed more internal rotation during the “V in” exercise at the 2nd visit compared to the 1st visit.ConclusionsExercise performance declined significantly in healthy middle-aged and older individuals one week after instruction. This decline occurred despite an instructional exercise sheet being given to every participant. Other approaches designed to help individuals retain the ability to perform rehabilitative exercises correctly need to be explored.

Comparing the effectiveness of Mulligan mobilization versus Cyriax approach in the management of patients with subacute lateral epicondylitis.

To determine the effectiveness of Mulligan mobilisation versus Cyriax approach in the management of patients with subacute lateral epicondylitis. The clinical trial was conducted at the District Headquarter Hospital, Bahawalnagar, Pakistan, from September to December 2018, and comprised lateral epicondylitis patients having symptoms for >2 weeks. The diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of physical tests and musculoskeletal ultrasound. The subjects were randomly allocated to two equal groups A and B. Group A received deep transverse friction and Mill's manipulation according to Cyriax approach, while group B received Mulligan mobilisation with movement techniques. Patient-related tennis elbow evaluation index was used to collect data which was analysed using SPSS 20. Of the 60 patients, there were 30(50%) in each of the two groups. The overall mean age was 35.27±7.30 years, and 38(63.3%) participants were male. After 4 weeks of treatment sessions, both groups showed significant improvements (p<0.05) in pain and functional disability scores. Group A showed significantly more improvement (p<0.05) in pain subscale scores compared to group B, while group B showed significant improvement (p<0.05) in functional disability subscale scores compared to group A. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the groups on total the patient-related tennis elbow evaluation index score. Both Mulligan mobilisation with movement and Cyriax approach decreased pain and improved functional status in lateral epicondylitis patients.

Low Risk of Displacement with Early Weight Bearing of the Isolated Weber B Fracture: Results of a New Treatment Protocol

Category:Trauma; AnkleIntroduction/Purpose:Truly isolated Weber B distal fibula fractures are stable injuries that usually recover well following non- operative treatment, however the concern over the possibility of a medial ligament injury, and ankle instability has traditionally lead to regular surveillance in the fracture clinics to exclude delayed talar shift developing. After recent studies suggesting this risk is low we introduced a new functional treatment protocol and present our early results.Methods:141 consecutive patients presenting acutely with isolated Weber B fractures without talar shift during a 12 months period were included. ED notes and radiographs were reviewed. All patients were splinted in a removable boot, and allowed to fully weight bear up to their comfort levels. Patients without signs of a medial ligament injury were then discharged from follow-up with advice to wear the boot for 6 weeks, an information leaflet and exercise sheet and a helpline number in case of difficulties. If they wanted clinic review this was organised. If signs of a medial ligament injury were documented, or the medial findings were not clear the patient was reviewed with up to date radiographs in the fracture clinic at 4 weeks post-injury. If talar shift developed the patient was to be converted to operative treatment. Olerud and Molander scores were collected between 6 and 12 months post- injury.Results:There were 51 patients without signs of medial ligament injury and of these 23 were discharged according to protocol and 28 patients attended fracture clinic. 89 patients had signs of medial ligament injury or no documented medial findings and of these 65 attended fracture clinic. One discharged patient re-accessed care. Of 93 patients reviewed in the fracture clinic none developed delayed talar shift. One underwent delayed ORIF for ongoing fibula discomfort and the remainder continued with non- operative treatment. 99 (70%) patients provided outcome scores. The mean Olerud and Molander score at a minimum of 6 months follow-up was 87 and the median score was 100. No significant difference was found between treatment arms. The scores were comparable to those in the published literature.Conclusion:We conclude the risk of delayed talar shift is low and satisfactory outcomes can be safely achieved with our functional protocol. Additional tests/imaging to establish the integrity of the medial ligament may be unnecessary.

The changes of functional disability in non-specific low back pain among University population after proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and Mckenzie method

Background of study: Non-specific low back pain (LBP) becomes the most common cases in University population. Prolonged sitting has been identified as one of the factors leading to non-specific LBP among University population. The purpose of the study is to identify the change of functional disability in non-specific LBP among university population after PNF and McKenzie method. Methods: A quasi-experimental study involving 36 subjects (students and office workers) from the university population. The study population were selected from students and office worker of KPJ Healthcare University College (KPJUC) who met the inclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into three treatment groups: PNF group, McKenzie group and control group (hot pack and educational home exercise sheet) which underwent 12 treatment sessions distributed over three times in a week for four weeks duration. Subjects were measured on functional disability by Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Measurement was performed at pre-test, mid-test and post-test. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyse the effectiveness of PNF and McKenzie treatments based on the measurement time. Result: This study showed that the PNF and McKenzie gave effect in improving ODI score in within group analysis. However, the results of PNF showed that it has more effect than McKenzie method on functional disability score (p <0.05) after 4 weeks. Conclusion: There was a change in functional disability on non-specific LBP after PNF and McKenzie method. Furthermore, the study findings showed that the PNF exercise has more effect in improving functional disability compared to McKenzie method on non-specific LBP among university population

Comparative effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and Mckenzie method on pain in non- specific low back pain among University population

Background of the study: One of the factors leading to non-specific low back pain among University students and staff is prolonged sitting. Exercise therapy is one of the mainstays in the management of non-specific low back pain. One of the most common exercise therapy for non-specific low back pain is the McKenzie method, whereas the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) exercise is seldom been used to treat non-specific low back pain cases. Objective: The purpose of the study was to find the effectiveness PNF and McKenzie method on non-specific low back pain among University population. Methods: A randomized clinical trial involving 36 subjects (students and staffs) from the University population. The subjects were randomly chosen and assigned to three treatment groups: PNF group, McKenzie group and control group (hot pack and educational home exercise sheet) which underwent 12 treatment sessions distributed over three times in a week for four weeks duration. Subjects were measured on pain score using visual analogue scale. Measurement was performed at three points: pre-test, mid-test and post-test. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyse the difference within each group and ANOVA used between the groups in order to find and compare the effectiveness of three treatments. Result: This study showed that there was significant mean difference between PNF and McKenzie method on pain score (p <0.05) after 4 weeks. Conclusion: The study findings showed that PNF exercise has more effect than McKenzie method on reduction of pain among non-specific low back pain among University population.

Using e-assessment to support flipped-style teaching

We show how weekly formative e-assessments are used to support flipped-style teaching of a module delivered to all first year Mathematics students at the University of the West of England, Bristol (UWE). The flip lecture approach places students at the centre of the learning process. For the module described here, a highly scaffolded approach was employed. A workbook containing gapped lecture notes was created as well as a handbook containing exercise sheets and extra reading material. Each week students were expected to independently: watch screencasts and fill in the relevant gaps in their workbooks; take a formative e-assessment; try some basic questions from the exercise sheet and optionally do some extra reading and/or work through a Maple file. During the following two hour class, TurningPoint questions and group activities were used to encourage active learning. Student feedback of this new teaching approach has been very positive.

Mobile Assessment Tools

This paper describes the concept for a Web-based, database supported e-Learning Test, Examination and Assessment System, called TEASE, that can be used via the Internet and is therefore suitable for both local and remote examination preparation as well as for examination within lab courses (entry test) or during lectures (big online exams in lecture halls). Another topic of this contribution is the improvement of the mandatory authentication for a multitude of students during written examinations in large lecture halls – the usage of barcodes to register both the student as well as the issued exercise sheet of the exam.

Using Excel to Illustrate Hannah and Kay’s Concentration Axioms

Most courses in industrial economics/industrial organisation cover the measurement of industry concentration. In a classic paper Hannah and Kay (1977) propose a set of desirable criteria against which any of the numerous concentration measures may be judged. We describe how these criteria can be illustrated for students for several of the most popular measures using an Excel spreadsheet and an exercise sheet developed by the authors and freely available from the HEA Economics Network website.

Teaching Beginning Undergraduates How to Do an In-depth Interview

In-depth interviewing is now a common method in sociology. Although there are many potential benefits of in-depth interviewing assignments for both majors and nonmajors, few have developed tools one can use to teach this method at the first and second year, especially in substantive classes where instruction in interviewing is constrained by time and practical circumstances. In this note, the authors present an in-class exercise and tip sheet they developed to teach beginning undergraduates how to conduct quality in-depth interviews. Comparative analysis of students’ preliminary and final interview guides, as well as the results of a student survey, support the teaching effectiveness of the workshop and tip sheet.

Physiotherapy exercise programmes: Are instructional exercise sheets effective?

Effective compliance with physiotherapy exercises is only possible if patients remember the exercises accurately. The purpose of this study was to assess how well elderly in-patients remembered simple physiotherapy exercises, by comparing the ability to accurately reproduce a set of exercises in a group of patients that had received a written exercise sheet, with a group that had not. The study also aimed to investigate the relationship between memory for exercises and cognition. Sixty-four in-patients in an acute hospital were taught 3 exercises. Half of the subjects were randomised to receive exercise sheets to reinforce the teaching (Group 1). The rest of the subjects did not receive this memory aid (Group 2). Two to three days later subjects were asked to demonstrate their exercises. The accurate recall of the exercises was scored using a new assessment scale with a maximum score of 24. The mean exercise score was 17.19 for group 1 (SD = 5.91) and 16.24 for Group 2 (SD = 6.01). There was no significant difference in exercise score between groups (Mann Whitney U test p = 0.44). There was a statistically significant small positive correlation between exercise score and cognition (tau = 0.263). The study showed that older adult in-patients do not remember physiotherapy exercises effectively after a single teaching session and that their memory is not significantly improved by provision of an exercise sheet.

Rotation Drills in Teaching Conversation

A LMOST SIXTY YEARS ago Philip Schuyler Allen questioned the value of mechanical answers to mechanical questions memorized verbatim from conversational manuals or phrasebooks used in foreign language classes. In his pamphlet Hints on the Teaching of German Conversation (Boston: Ginn, 1912) he protested that whenever you wish to remark, 'I don't care for any more bread, thank you!' there on the tablet of your mind, big as life and plain as fire, is written the phrase from the 'phrase-book,' 'Please pass me the bread' (p. 4). Phrase-books which teach what the average person may want to say are less common as textbooks than they once were, and the rigidity of the one specific comment anticipated in a given circumstance has also been greatly relaxed by the variety of substitution drills which encourage flexibility in response and sentence pattern. Yet how to encourage flexibility, ingenuity, imagination, and creativeness in foreign language conversation classes has always been a problem. Both the inordinately shy student who fails to contribute to free conversation and the overly loquacious one whose persiflage is often grammatically inaccurate can detract from the effectiveness of free conversation as a classroom device. In lower level language classes, in which the building of vocabulary is still a task to be encountered, drill is needed to help the student fix patterns and learn expressions. Free conversation does not afford this practice. A conversational device intended to provide drill of vocabulary items and also to encourage variation in response is the rotation drill, a sequence of questions with a variety of answers to each question indicated. This device is much like that also found in the German-English Manual of Charles Haas (Pasadena: Vroman's, 1963). The method of employment of the drill may be altered, but one technique found to be successful is described below. Any lesson or sequence of lessons in an elementary, intermediate, or conversation textbook will supply material for questions or stimulation statements which may each elicit a variety of logical responses within the vocabulary range of the students. Four answers to each question have been found to constitute an effective drill. If the questions and responses are short, common, and simple, an exercise sheet with only the foreign language may be adequate. A possible example of a single language drill, given here in English for illustrative purposes, is:

An appraisal of the routine use of special post-partum exercise

<h2>Abstract</h2> An analytical study of the uteri of 1,922 private obstetric patients is herein recorded; 861 were given special post-partum exercises. There were 1,061 controls. There was a decrease in the incidence of retrodeviations of the uterus, amounting to 5.9 per cent among the patients who were given the exercise sheet. This decrease varies but slightly among primiparas or multiparas. Of 100 known cases of retroverted uteri at the onset of pregnancy, 41 patients have been found normal at the sixth week post partum. The other 59 were still retrodeviated.