Exercise Self-schema Research Articles

대학 교양 체육수업에서 피드백 유형과 피드백 활용 능력 및 운동자기도식의 구조적 관계

The purpose of this study aims to analyze the structural relationship between feedback type, feedback utilization ability and behavior exercise self-schema in university liberal arts physical education class. subjects of this study were 400 students from three universities in Seoul and the metropolitan area, and 382 valid samples were used. data were analyzed using SPSS WIN Ver. 20.0 for frequency analysis and correlation analysis, and AMOS 20.0 was used for confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis. Analysis results, First, performance knowledge/positive nonverbal feedback and encouragement/praise feedback except negative nonverbal feedback had significant effects on feedback utilization ability. Second, feedback utilization ability was found to affect behavior exposure self-schema. Third, in the relationship between feedback type and behavior exercise self-schema, the effectiveness was significant only in encouragement/praise feedback and cognitive emotional self-schema.

운동참여 직장인의 헬스 리터러시와 운동 자기-도식, 운동지속 관계에서 의사결정 균형의 매개효과

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between health literacy, exercise self-schema, decisional balance, and exercise adherence of exercise participating employees, and to verify the mediating effect of decisional balance based on the above relations among the factors.BR Method: Among employees participating in the exercise, 303 copies were used as the final analysis data. Participants responded to a questionnaire measuring decisional balance, health literacy, exercise self-schema, and exercise adherence. Data processing was conducted for the purpose of the study by using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 programs.BR Results: First, it was found that the exercise self-schema of employees participating in the exercise had a significant effect on exercise adherence while health literacy did not significantly affect exercise adherence. Second, the results revealed that the exercise self-schema of the employees who participated in exercise had a significant effect on the decisional balance, but health literacy did not significantly affect the decisional balance. Third, it was found that the decisional balance of the employees who are participating in exercise had a significant effect on exercise adherence. Fourth, the results showed that the decisional balance played a partial mediating role in the exercise self-schema and exercise adherence relationship of the employees who are participating in the exercise.BR Conclusion: In particular, this study is meaningful in that it derived results on which variables to strengthen continued exercise participation by applying a decisional balance variable useful for understanding changes in exercise behavior.

Relationships Between University Students' Gender and Physical Activity (PA) and Their Exercise Self-Schemas, Processing of PA-Related Information, and PA Decision-Making.

In the current study, we investigated the effects of gender and regular physical activity (PA) on PA decision-making and speed of information processing. We enrolled 110 university students (Mage = 20.91, SD =2.28years) in an experiment involving two tasks and a questionnaire. One of the two tasks assessed how much participants agreed with presented PA words and phrases and the other task predicted behavior and responses to future situations. We collected and measured the participants' choices and the time they took to make them. The questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), consisted of exercise self-schema and PA questions. We conducted a 2 (gender: male or female) ×2 (regular PA or not) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and found statistically significant differences between variables as a function of participants' gender (λ = .66, p < .001) and regular PA engagement (λ = .51, p < .001). In a regression analysis, we also found gender differences [males showed relationships between agreement with PA information and information processing speed for decisions on future behavior (R2 = .31, F = 12.50); females showed relationships between their exercise self-schema (R2 = .26, F = 18.18) and regular PA such that, in the non-regular PA group, exercise self-schema was related to reaction time in making decisions on future behavior (R2 = .29, F = 11.23), and in the regular PA group, agreement with PA information was related to reaction time for PA-related words, and agreement with non-PA information (R2 = .29, F = 8.91)]. These results highlight the need to consider participant characteristics when designing exercise interventions, and we present supplementary data regarding exercise self-schemas, decision-making, and the speed of processing PA information.

Examining the Relationship Between Exercise-Related Cognitive Errors, Exercise Schema, and Implicit Associations.

To better understand exercise-related cognitive errors (ECEs) from a dual processing perspective, the purpose of this study was to examine their relationship to two automatic exercise processes. It was hypothesized that ECEs would account for more variance than automatic processes in predicting intentions, that ECEs would interact with automatic processes to predict intentions, and that exercise schema would distinguish between different levels of ECEs. Adults (N = 136, Mage = 29 years, 42.6% women) completed a cross-sectional study and responded to three survey measures (ECEs, exercise self-schema, and exercise intentions) and two computerized implicit tasks (the approach/avoid task and single-category Implicit Association Test). ECEs were not correlated with the two implicit measures; however, ECEs moderated the relationship between approach tendency toward exercise stimuli and exercise intentions. Exercise self-schema were differentiated by ECE level. This study expands our knowledge of ECEs by examining their relationship to different automatic and reflective processes.

Exercise schema and motivational regulation of college students: A person-centered analysis

To further understand the complex psychological processes involved with motivating health behavior, we sought to examine how one's exercise schema may align with self-determined exercise motivation regulations. Few studies have examined patterns of motivation regulations that may be associated with exercise schema in order to better identify unique motivation-based profiles. We conducted a latent profile analysis on responses from 427 college-aged adults to an exercise self-schema measure (schema identification and schema strength) and five exercise regulation subscales (external, introjected, identified, integrated, intrinsic). A three-class latent profile model fit this data best considering both the fit indices and theoretical implications and confirmed previous research grouping individuals into pre-exerciser schematics, aschematics, and exerciser schematics. However, the model also captured individuals that would have been unclassifiable in the original scoring analysis. Future research may examine the stability of these profiles and methods to better understand schema-regulation profiles and exercise behavior.

초등학교 테니스선수가 지각하는 사회적지지와 운동심상, 운동자기도식의 구조관계 검증

본 연구는 초등학교 테니스선수가 지각하는 사회적지지와 운동심상, 운동자기도식의 구조관계를 규명하였다. 연 구목적을 규명하기 대한테니스협회에 등록된 초등학교 테니스선수 245명을 대상으로 연구의 목적과 가치를 설명하고, 연구참여동의를 구한 후 자료를 수집하였다, 자료분석은 SPSS와 AMOS 프로그램을 사용하여 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관분석, 구조방정식모형분석과 부트스트레핑 분석을 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 사회적지지, 운동심상, 운동자기도식 간 유의한 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 가족지지와 코치지지는 운동심상과 운동자기도식에 정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났고, 친구지지는 운동자기도식에 정적인 영향을 주는 것으 로 나타났다. 또한 운동심상은 운동자기도식에 정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 가족지지와 운동자기도식의 관계에서 운동심상의 완전매개효과가 검증되었다.

자발적 스포츠 활동 참여 중·고등학생의 운동자기도식이 자기효능감, 운동정서, 운동지속의도에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise self-schema on self-efficacy, exercise emotion, and exercise adherence intention in middle and high school students participating in voluntary sports activities. Convenience sampling was used to select 306 students, and questionnaires were used as survey tool. The data was analyzed through t-test verification and multiple regression analysis using the statistical program SPSS 23.0. The results are as follows: First, exercise self-schema has had a significant effect on self-efficacy. Second, exercise self-schema(cognitive and emotional/ behavior) has had a significant effect on positive exercise emotion, and behavior self-schema has had a significant effect on negative exercise emotion. Third, self-efficacy has had a significant effect on exercise adherence intention. Forth, positive exercise emotion has had a significant effect on exercise adherence intention. Fifth, exercise self-schema has had a significant effect on exercise adherence intention.

성별과 운동 피트니스 앱 사용여부에 따른 운동참여정도, 운동자기-도식, 운동지속의사의 차이 및 관계분석

성별과 운동 피트니스 앱 사용여부에 따른 운동참여정도, 운동자기-도식, 운동지속의사의 차이 및 관계분석

The Study of Exercise Self-Schema and Exercise Behavior in Nursing Students

The Study of Exercise Self-Schema and Exercise Behavior in Nursing Students

운동 자기-도식 형성의 영향요인에 관한 경험적 탐색

목적: 국내외 연구결과를 토대로 살펴보면, 운동 자기-도식은 신체활동을 설명하는데 유용한 변인이며, 이의 형성은 의미있는 일이라고 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 운동 자기-도식의 형성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐색하고자 한다. 방법: 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 성인 남, 여 200명이 개방형 설문에 응답하였으며, 운동 숙련자 및 운동 전문 지도자 10명이 개별 면담에 참여하였다. 연구 참여자의 원자료에 대한 빈도분석과 질적 내용 분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 운동 자기-도식의 영향요인으로 운동효과 측면, 신체상태 측면, 행동적 측면, 인지적 측면, 심리적 측면 그리고 환경적 측면이 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 운동 자기-도식의 형성에 영향을 미치는 요인들이 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이를 신체활동의 참여와 지속을 위한 중재전략에 적용하면 유용할 것이라 생각되며, 이에 대한 연구가 지속될 필요가 있다.

The Causal Relations among Exercise Self-schema, Implicit Beliefs, Cognition Appraisal and Performance of Physical Activities in Children

이 연구는 아동의 운동 자기도식과 능력믿음, 인지평가 및 운동수행과 서로 어떤 구조적 관계에 있는가를 밝히는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기위해 G 광역시와 J도에 소재한 14개 초등학교 5∼6학년 731명(남: 370, 여:361)을 편의표집법으로 선정하여 운동 자기도식척도, 능력믿음, 인지평가 및 운동수행척도를 사용하였다. 자료 분석을 위해 기술분석, 상관분석 및 공변량구조분석을 실시한 결과 첫째, 성별로는 남학생이 여학생에 비해 운동자기도식과 능력믿음의 증가믿음, 인지평가의 도전평가와 운동수행 수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 운동 자기도식이 높은 집단과 낮은 집단 간 변인을 비교한 결과 운동 자기도식이 높은 집단일수록 증가믿음, 도전평가와 운동수행은 높게 나타났지만 인지평가의 위협평가는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 변인 간 상관분석을 실시한 결과 운동 자기도식, 증가믿음, 도전평가는 운동수행과 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났지만 위협평가는 부적(-) 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 변인 간 구조적 관계를 분석한 결과 이 연구에서 설정된 연구모델의 전반적 지수는 이론모델로 양호한 것으로 나타났고, 세부적 지수에서 유의한 구조경로는 운동 자기도식 → 증가믿음, 운동 자기도식 → 도전평가, 운동 자기도식 → 운동수행, 증가믿음 → 운동수행, 도전평가→ 운동수행, 증가믿음→도전평가, 위협평가 → 운동수행으로 나타났다. 이상의 결론을 종합하면 아동의 운동수행 모델 중 운동 자기도식을 외생변인으로 하고 능력믿음과 인지평가, 운동수행을 내생변인으로 한 이론모델은 구조화 될 수 있다. 구체적으로는 운동 자기도식은 운동수행에 직, 간적적인 인과관계를 가지며 능력믿음과 인지평가는 운동 자기도식을 매개하여 운동수행에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

The Causal Relations among Exercise Self-schema, Self-efficacy and Intention of Athletic Participation in Elementary School Children

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to define casual relation among exercise self-schema, self-efficacy and intention of athletic participation of elementary school children. Methods: This study set up a casual relation model which was composed of exogenous variables exercise self-schema and endogenous variables were self-efficacy and intention of athletic participation of children. The participants were 538 elementary school children(boys: 266, girls: 272) who were more 5 th grade in G city and J province. This study used exercise self-schema, self-efficacy, and intention of athletic participation scales. This study use descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis. Results: In analysis of description, children show general range(3.0) means of exercise self-schema, self-efficacy, and intention athletic participation. The boys showed higher behavioral self-schema and self-efficacy than those of girls. In analysis of correlation, there were significant relations between self-schema, self-efficacy, and intention of athletic participation each other. In analysis structure equation, this model can be used as theoretical model because general indexes were proved (χ 2 =180.87, df=82, Q=2.20, RMR=.037, GFI=.994, TLI=.973, CFI=.979, RMSEA=.054). In analysis details index, there were significant paths of self-schema ⟶ self-efficacy, self-schema → intention of athletic participation, and self-schema⟶ intention of athletic participation. Conclusion: In this study define there are causal relationships among self-schema, self-efficacy, and intention of athletic participation. In this study, self-efficacy have positive effect(+) to the intention of athletic participation and effect of partial mediator between self-schema and intention of athletic participation.

Physical Fitness and Self-Image: An Evaluation of the Exercise Self-Schema Questionnaire Using Direct Measures of Physical Fitness

Physical Fitness and Self-Image: An Evaluation of the Exercise Self-Schema Questionnaire Using Direct Measures of Physical Fitness

Effects of exercise self-schema on reactions to self-relevant feedback

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to test the influence of exercise self-schema on the processing of self-relevant information in the sport and exercise domain. It was hypothesized that exercise schematics would cognitively prefer consistent feedback over positive feedback (self-consistency principle), whereas affectively, participants without exercise self-schema would prefer positive feedback over consistent feedback (self-enhancement principle). DesignCross-sectional online study with a 2 × 3 mixed model design. Method472 subjects (52.54% female, Mage = 31.35, SD = 11.90) participated in an online-study providing them with bogus test results consistent with as well as positively and negatively deviating from their self-assessments in exercise-related aspects. To measure preference, affective and cognitive reactions were assessed after each feedback presentation. ResultsMixed-model ANOVAS (between-subject factor: exercise self-schema, within-subject factor: type of feedback) reveal significant interactions for both affective and cognitive reaction. However, these are not based on an interaction of the levels ‘consistent’ and ‘positive’ of type of feedback, but on an interaction of ‘negative’ and ‘consistent’ feedback. For exercise schematics, the gap between reactions to consistent and negative feedback is larger than for participants without exercise self-schema. ConclusionsThe original hypotheses could not be confirmed, indicating a general dominance of the self-enhancement principle. However, the unexpected interaction suggests that participants with exercise self-schema seem to devalue negative feedback more than those without exercise self-schema, which could be explained by self-consistency principles.

The role of implicit and explicit components of exerciser self-schema in the prediction of exercise behaviour

Objectives This study investigated implicit and explicit components of exerciser self-schema and their role in the prediction of exercise behaviour. In addition, the effect of implicit and explicit exerciser self-schema on intention to exercise was examined. Moderation and mediation effects involving exerciser self-schema, in both its implicit and explicit forms, were investigated. Method Members of fitness centres and other regular exercisers ( N = 98, n males = 37, n females = 65) completed a written questionnaire to measure explicit exerciser self-schema and exercise intentions. An exercise Implicit Association Test (IAT) was also administered to measure implicit exerciser self-schema. Actual exercise occurrence was measured one week and two weeks following the initial testing phase. Results Correlations indicated that implicit and explicit components of exerciser self-schema were related but distinct constructs. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that high levels of both implicit and explicit exerciser self-schema improved absolute levels of exercise behaviour. Regression analyses examining the possibility that self-schema moderated the intention–behaviour relationship were not significant for implicit or explicit forms of self-schema. Forced entry regression analyses provided evidence for explicit exerciser self-schema being mediated by intention in its relationship with behaviour. Conclusions It is beneficial to consider both implicit and explicit exerciser self-schema when attempting to understand and predict exercise behaviour. Both implicit and explicit exercise self-schema have a direct effect on behaviour, although explicit self-schema also indirectly influences behaviour via intention to exercise.

EXERCISE SCHEMA AND EXERCISE REPORTED BY OLDER ADULTS FROM THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF MONTERREY MEXICO

Objective: to explore if older adults have physical exercise related self-schemas and if so it reflexes in their behavior, as an opportunity for nursing to work towards the restructuring of these schemas given that in Monterrey elders who exercise are scarce. It was hypothesized: exerciser schematic elders would report exercise regularly. Methodology: this descriptive study comprised of 267 older adults (109 men and 158 women), randomly selected from two communities from the metropolitan area of Monterrey México, from February to September 2003. Results: self descriptions of 111 (41.57%) participants felt under the exercise self-schema category; they reported walking significantly more time compared with aschematic and non-classified participants (Chi2 56.33; gl.2, p&lt;.001). 38% (100) exercised according to recommended time. Conclusions: older adults showed congruence between their self-schemas and self reported physical exercise. Exercise among this population is low. Strategies toward the development of self-schemas have the potential for adopting an exercise health behavior in older adults; therefore to cope better with challenges of aging.

Motivation for physical activity of psychiatric patients when physical activity was offered as part of treatment

This study examined motivation variables, self-determination and self-schema, in relation to physical activity, among psychiatric patients with experience with physical activity as part of their treatment. Participants were patients (N=109) from 15 psychiatric hospitals or day-care institutions. Data were collected by questionnaires. A positive relationship between physical activity level, positive experiences of the activity and higher degree of self-determination and exercise self-schema was expected. Intrinsically regulated motives (motivated by the experience of the activity in itself) were positively and significantly related to physical activity level and the experience of decrease in symptoms during physical activity, and extrinsically regulated motives were negatively correlated with physical activity level. Intrinsically regulated motives gave an odds ratio of 20.0 for being physically active rather than inactive. Holding an exercise self-schema gave an odds ratio of 6.1 for being physically active. The majority of the patients (57.4%) reported that physical activity decreased their illness symptoms, but a few (11.9%) reported negative effects. The findings demonstrated that psychiatric patients do not differ from the normal population in relation to motivational mechanisms, even if they may experience more barriers to physical activities because of their illness. Therefore, in trying to motivate psychiatric patients, it is important to make physical activity as intrinsically motivating as possible by focusing on the positive experiences of the activity itself, as well as helping to develop an exercise self-schema.

Running for Their Lives: A Qualitative Analysis of the Exercise Experience of Female Recreational Runners

This study explores the relationship between self-cognitions and running behavior in a group of female recreational runners. Consistent with theories of self-esteem and exerciser self-schemata, it aims to identify how running can impact on the self, and how self-cognitions can influence motivation and adherence to running. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 women of varying age, ability, and running experience who had entered a major women’s 10K race. Inductive data analysis revealed that there was a bi-directional relationship between running involvement and self-cognitions. Running provided experiences which led to enhanced self-esteem, notably through perceived improvements to the physical self, but also through increases in mastery/achievement and physical competence. These changes contributed to the value of running for the women, strengthened their exercise self-schema, and increased the likelihood of adherence to running. However, family responsibilities constrained the women in their ability to run, impacting on the exercise-self relationship outlined.

Relationships among Self-Schema, Intention, and Exercise Behavior

The purpose of the study was to determine if exercise self-schema predicts exercise participation and moderates the exercise intention-behavior relationship. Participants were undergraduate students categorized into exerciser schematics (n = 527), nonexerciser schematics (n = 52), and aschematics (n = 106). The first of two questionnaires, given 4 weeks apart, included intention items for moderate and strenuous exercise, and exercise at university facilities. The second questionnaire included self-reported exercise items. Attendance at the university fitness facilities was monitored during the 4-week period between questionnaires. Kruskal-Wallis tests determined exerciser schematics reported intending to and exercising more often than aschematics and nonexerciser schematics for all measures (p &lt; .01). Fischer z transformations revealed partial support for the hypothesis that exerciser schematics would have a higher correlation between intention and exercise than aschematics or nonexerciser schematics. Discussion focused on overcoming schematic assessment problems, offered explanation of results, and proposed future exercise self-schema research.

Gender and developmental differences in exercise beliefs among youth and prediction of their exercise behavior.

This study examined gender and developmental differences in exercise-related beliefs and exercise behaviors of 286 racially diverse youth and explored factors predictive of exercise. Compared to males, females reported less prior and current exercise, lower self-esteem, poorer health status, and lower exercise self-schema. Adolescents, in contrast to pre-adolescents, reported less social support for exercise and fewer exercise role models. In a path model, gender, the benefits/barriers differential, and access to exercise facilities and programs directly predicted exercise. Effects of grade, perceived health status, exercise self-efficacy, social support for exercise, and social norms for exercise on exercise behavior, were mediated through the benefits/barriers differential. Effect of race on exercise was mediated by access to exercise facilities and programs. Continued exploration of gender and developmental differences in variables influencing physical activity can yield valuable information for tailoring exercise promotion interventions to the unique needs of youth.