Exercise Restriction Research Articles

Blood flow restriction training on physical parameters in elite male canoe athletes.

To investigate the effect blood flow restriction (BFR) exercises on muscle size, strength and athletic performance in elite canoe athletes aged 18 to 25 years. This was a randomized controlled trial. The participants were divided into 2 groups: the intervention group (INT-gr) (n = 17, age: 18.59 ± 0.71 years) and the control group (CONT-gr) (n = 16, age: 18.81 ± 1.11 years). Anthropometric measurements, muscle size measured by ultrasound (US), strength measurements with an isokinetic dynamometer, and ergometer performance with an indoor ergometer were conducted before and after the exercise program. Knee flexion and extension and leg press one-repetition maximum (1 RM) tests were performed to determine the participants' training program. The INT-gr performed 1 RM 30% resistance training + BFR for 8 weeks, while the CONT-gr performed 1 RM 30% resistance training (RT) without BFR with their routine training program. US was used to measure the cross sectional area (CSA) and thickness of the quadriceps femoris (QF) and Hamstring (H) muscles in the pre-post design, and the isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the strength of bilateral 60˚/s and 300˚/s peak torque (PT) values of the QF and H. Sports performance was tested on an indoor ergometer at distances of 200, 500, and 1000 m. The changes in bilateral rectus femoris (RF) CSA and VL thickness measurements in the INT-gr were significant (P < .05). Ergometer performance measurements showed a significant improvement over CONT-gr at all distances (P < .05). In terms of strength scores measured by the isokinetic dynamometer, the right QF and H 300˚/s and the left QF 60˚/s PT values were significantly in favor of INT-gr. BFR exercises are effective to increase strength, muscle size, and ergometer performance in elite canoe athletes.

The effects of low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction versus traditional resistance exercise on lower extremity muscle strength and motor functionin ischemic stroke survivors: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Background Blood flow restriction (BFR) training can temporarily reduce cortical GABA concentrations and increase the size of motor volleys to deafferented muscles, which can promote motor recovery in stroke survivors. Objective To determine the effect of low-intensity resistance training with BFR (LIRT-BFR) on lower extremity muscle strength, balance, functional mobility, walking capacity, gait speed, anxiety, and depression in stroke survivors and to compare the results with high-intensity resistance training (HIRT). Method It was a two-arm, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial in which 32 ischemic stroke participants were randomly allocated to LIRT-BFR or HIRT group. The LIRT-BFR group received low load resistance training (40% of 1-Repetition Maximum (1-RM)) with BFR, whereas HIRT group received high load resistance training (80% of 1-RM). The 6-Minute Walk Test (6-MWT), five-time sit-to-stand test (5TSTST), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and Barthel index were the primary outcome measures. The secondary outcome measures included gait speed (m/s), stride length (cm), cadence (steps/min), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression. Results All the primary and secondary outcome measures were significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.05). The LIRT-BFR group showed a slightly greater, but non-significant, improvement as compared to the HIRT group in terms of mean change observed in 6-MWT (81 m vs 62 m), 5TSTST (−5.27 vs −4.81), gait speed (0.19 vs 0.12), stride length (18 vs 13), and cadence (8 vs 6). No adverse event was reported. Conclusion LIRT-BFR produced a significant improvement in muscle strength, balance, walking capacity, and anxiety and depression in ischemic stroke patients, and the improvement are comparable to HIRT. Clinical Trial Registration NCT05281679

What are the most effective exercise, physical activity and dietary interventions to improve body composition in women diagnosed with or at high-risk of breast cancer? A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Obesity has been recognized as a risk factor in the development and recurrence of breast cancer and is also associated with poor prognostic outcomes. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to identify the most effective exercise, physical activity, and dietary interventions to reduce fat mass, body fat percentage and body weight as well as potentially increase lean mass in women diagnosed with or at high risk of breast cancer. A systematic search of databases was performed up to May 2022. Eligible randomized controlled trials examined the effects of exercise, physical activity and/or dietary interventions on fat mass and lean mass in women diagnosed with or at high risk of breast cancer. A random-effects network meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of different interventions across outcomes when sufficient studies were available. Eighty-four studies (n=6428) were included in this review. Caloric restriction and combined exercise+caloric restriction significantly reduced fat mass (range, -3.9 to -3.7kg) and body weight (range, -5.3 to -4.7kg), whereas physical activity+caloric restriction significantly reduced body fat percentage (-2.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.4% to -13%) and body mass index (-2.2kg × m-2 ; 95% CI, -3.0 to -1.4kg × m-2 ) in breast cancer patients. Resistance exercise was the most effective intervention to increase lean mass (0.7kg; 95% CI, 0.5-1.0kg) in breast cancer patients. Multimodal exercise and diet programs were the most effective interventions to reduce fat mass, body fat percentage, and body weight and increase and/or preserve lean mass.

Impact of Blood Flow Restriction Exercise on Central Hemodynamics and Fluid Regulating Hormones.

The purpose of this study is to characterize both the efficacy of altered restriction pressures and consequences of optimized blood flow restriction (BFR) for altering the cardiovascular and fluid regulating response in humans. This work comprised a series of related trials. Phase 1: during semi-recumbent cycling (5 min, 60 W) with BFR at 0%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% of participants' lowest arterial occlusion pressure (LOP) echocardiographic images were collected alongside continuous heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). In phase 2, 24 h fluid balance (intake-output) and fluid-regulating hormone responses were measured after a practical BFR exercise session (treadmill walking: 5·3 min, 1 min rest, 5 km·h -1 , 5% incline, 100% LOP). Phase 3 examined the magnitude and effect of blood volume distribution following BFR treadmill walking using a modified CO-rebreathe technique. Cardiac ejection fraction remained stable irrespective of cuff pressure and despite a reduction in end-diastolic volume (Δ of 11 ± 9 mL, P = 0.02). HR and BP were highest at 100% LOP (ΔHR = 18 ± 19 bpm, ΔSBP = 51 ± 30 mm Hg, ΔDBP = 33 ± 15 mm Hg, ΔRate Pressure Product = 76 ± 32 bpm·mm Hg·100 -1 ). BFR treadmill walking stimulated a greater release of fluid-regulating hormones than normal walking (Δrenin = BFR: 25.3 ± 24.2 vs CON: 9.1 ± 11.8 ng·L -1 ; Δcopeptin = BFR: 50.1 ± 97.9 vs. CON: 0.43 ± 0.8 pmol·L -1 ), but no difference in fluid retention was observed ( P = 0.2). Approximately 27% of total blood volume was confined to the legs during BFR, but the relative volume trapped in the legs was not related to fluid-regulating hormone release (renin r = -0.04, P = 0.9; copeptin r = 0.27, P = 0.3). BFR exercise elicits the largest cardiovascular effect using 100% LOP, with evidence of appreciable fluid regulating hormonal response during a typical BFR exercise session. The relative volume of blood sequestered in the limb does not appear to drive this response.

Hormonal, immune, and oxidative stress responses to blood flow-restricted exercise.

Heavy-load free-flow resistance exercise (HL-FFRE) is a widely used training modality. Recently, low-load blood-flow restricted resistance exercise (LL-BFRRE) has gained attention in both athletic and clinical settings as an alternative when conventional HL-FFRE is contraindicated or not tolerated. LL-BFRRE has been shown to result in physiological adaptations in muscle and connective tissue that are comparable to those induced by HL-FFRE. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear; however, evidence suggests that LL-BFRRE involves elevated metabolic stress compared to conventional free-flow resistance exercise (FFRE). The aim was to evaluate the initial (<10 min post-exercise), intermediate (10-20 min), and late (>30 min) hormonal, immune, and oxidative stress responses observed following acute sessions of LL-BFRRE compared to FFRE in healthy adults. A systematic literature search of randomized and non-randomized studies was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB2, ROBINS-1) and TESTEX were used to evaluate risk of bias and study quality. Data extractions were based on mean change within groups. A total of 12525 hits were identified, of which 29 articles were included. LL-BFRRE demonstrated greater acute increases in growth hormone responses when compared to overall FFRE at intermediate (SMD 2.04; 95% CI 0.87, 3.22) and late (SMD 2.64; 95% CI 1.13, 4.16) post-exercise phases. LL-BFRRE also demonstrated greater increase in testosterone responses compared to late LL-FFRE. These results indicate that LL-BFRRE can induce increased or similar hormone and immune responses compared to LL-FFRE and HL-FFRE along with attenuated oxidative stress responses compared to HL-FFRE.

Feasibility Of Manipulating Blood Flow Restriction Exercise Parameters During Arm Curl Exercise

Feasibility Of Manipulating Blood Flow Restriction Exercise Parameters During Arm Curl Exercise

Can Blood Flow Restriction Exercise Cause Blood Pressure Alterations in Healthy Young Adults

Can Blood Flow Restriction Exercise Cause Blood Pressure Alterations in Healthy Young Adults

Changes in the QTc Interval Following High-Load and Low-Load Blood Flow Restriction Exercise

Changes in the QTc Interval Following High-Load and Low-Load Blood Flow Restriction Exercise

Student Competition (Knowledge Generation) ID 1985154

Background Exercising after spinal cord injury (SCI) is necessary to prevent or reduce secondary complications such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, or type II diabetes. The effects of SCI on muscle and autonomic functions determine type, duration, and intensity of exercise capacity. Although SCI exercise guidelines exist, achieving these recommendations requires a comprehensive understanding of how muscle and autonomic function affect a person’s exercise capability. Therefore, we reviewed the effect of SCI level on muscle and sympathetic function during exercise for those living with SCI to better develop strategies to achieve these guidelines. Methods A literature review of exercise, muscle control and SCI was performed to identify muscles innervated by each level and how key sympathetic tissues and organs required for exercise are affected by SCI. We identified spinal levels responsible for increasing heart rate, cardiovascular smooth muscle contraction, inducing sweat and activating adrenal glands since these are essential in maintaining high intensity and long duration exercise. We translated the information into a comprehensive user-friendly poster. Results A comprehensive graphical poster was developed for those living with SCI to understand and identify how their level of SCI affects their muscle and sympathetic function needed for optimal exercise and to meet exercise guidelines. Conclusions This infographic fills a void since this type of ‘person-centred’ information is lacking in the SCI and exercise field. The knowledge acquired through this infographic could further guide training practices and exercise modifications to increase exercise capacity and quality of life for those living with SCI.

Women’s preferences for pelvic floor screening in sport and exercise: a mixed-methods study integrating survey and interview data in Australian women

ObjectivesOne in two women experiencing pelvic floor (PF) symptoms stop playing sport or exercising. The study examines the perspective of women with PF symptoms to inform acceptable screening practices within...

Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Venous Thromboembolism: Unraveling the Emerging Association.

Oxidative stress has emerged as a significant contributor to skeletal muscle atrophy, influencing cellular processes that underlie muscle wasting. This review article delves into the intricate interplay between oxidative stress and muscle atrophy, shedding light on its mechanisms and implications. We begin by outlining the fundamental concepts of oxidative stress, delineating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), their sources, and the ensuing oxidative damage to cellular components. Subsequently, we delve into skeletal muscle atrophy, elucidating its diverse forms, molecular pathways, key signaling cascades, and the role of inflammation in exacerbating muscle wasting. Bridging these concepts, we explore the connections between oxidative stress and muscle atrophy, unveiling how oxidative stress impacts muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, perturbs cellular signaling pathways, and contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction. The review underscores the complexity of quantifying and interpreting oxidative stress markers, highlighting the challenges posed by the dynamic nature of oxidative stress and the presence of basal ROS levels. Addressing the specificity of oxidative stress markers, we emphasize the importance of selecting markers pertinent to muscle tissue and considering systemic influences. Standardization of experimental protocols emerges as a critical need to ensure consistency and reproducibility across studies. Looking ahead, we discuss the implications of oxidative stress in diverse scenarios, encompassing age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia), muscle wasting in chronic diseases like cancer cachexia, and disuse-induced muscle atrophy. Additionally, we delve into potential therapeutic strategies, including antioxidant supplementation, exercise, pharmacological interventions, nutritional approaches, and lifestyle modifications, as avenues to mitigate oxidative stress-driven muscle atrophy. The review concludes by outlining promising future directions in this field, calling for deeper exploration of specific oxidative stress markers, understanding the temporal dynamics of oxidative stress, validation through translational studies in humans, and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. By advancing our understanding of the intricate relationship between oxidative stress and skeletal muscle atrophy, this review contributes to paving the way for innovative strategies to address muscle wasting and improve muscle health.

Aging, adaptation and maladaptation.

Aging is accompanied by a dysregulation of adaptive processes. On the one hand, physiological adaptation mechanisms such as learning and memory, immune system plasticity and exercise-dependent muscle remodeling are blunted. On the other hand, several maladaptive processes increase with age including cancer, pathological cardiovascular remodeling and metabolic dysregulation. With increasing age the quotient of beneficial adaptation (Ab) to harmful adaptation (Ah), Ab/Ah, decreases. The adaptation-maladaptation framework of aging entails that there are age-related pathological phenotypes that are the result of activation of physiological adaptation mechanisms (e.g., maladaptation as a result of misdirection of adaptive cascades and molecular damage incurred by adaptation processes) and their occurrence over time might, to some degree, be inevitable. Aging might hence result from the organism's inability to solve the adaptation-maladaptation dilemma. The present work explores the concept of counteracting aging through adaptation and proposes that interventions such as exercise, environmental enrichment and dietary restriction work in counteracting aging because they increase the ratio Ab/Ah by both raising Ab (e.g., by inducing metaplasticity in cells, meaning they raise the adaptability of cells to future stimuli) and decreasing Ah (e.g., through desensitizing certain potentially harmful adaptive mechanisms). Molecules whose aging-related expression changes can explain aspects of dysfunctional adaptation such as CREB and certain immediate early genes are examined and it is delineated how a better understanding of the dynamical organization of adaptation cascades could elucidate the seemingly complex role of adaptation in driving aging as well as protecting against it.

Effect of blood flow restriction low resistance exercise on hemodynamic for coronary artery disease patients: Randomized Control Trial

Abstract:&#x0D; Back ground: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of mortality. Although fewer individuals are dying from CHD, more people are living with the condition and may require assistance to manage their symptoms and prognosis. Objective: to determining the effectiveness of blood flow restriction low resistance exercise on the patients with coronary artery disease. Methodology: A randomized control trial that was performed on 100 patients referred for (cardiac rehabilitation unite, consultation) to the AL-Najaf Center for Cardiac Surgery and Cardiac Catheterization. Patients were selected through non probability (purposively) and were randomly assigned into two groups of (50) patients in each one. The study group have been exposed to blood flow low resistance restriction exercises by the researcher. The group that has not been exposed to blood flow low resistance restriction exercises by the researcher are considered the control group. the study started from period 9 th February 2023 to 6th July 2023.Results: The results of the study showed that there is a significant difference between the study group and the control group pre use the blood flow restriction low resistance exercise and post use the exercise. conclusion: The study stated that the patients in study group who received the blood flow restriction low resistance exercise had decrease in the (heart rate, and blood pressure and Spo2) compared to the control group. recommendation: recommend the use of blood flow restriction low resistance exercises on patients with coronary arteries disease, because the study has proven that the exercise is effective and responds to hemodynamic.&#x0D;

Challenges in anti-aging medicine-trends in biomarker discovery and therapeutic interventions for a healthy lifespan.

We are facing a growing aging population, along with increasing pressure on health systems, caused by the impact of chronic co-morbidities (i.e. cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases) and functional disabilities as people age. Relatively simple preventive lifestyle interventions, such as dietary restriction and physical exercise, are important contributors to active and healthy aging in the general population. However, as shown in model organisms or in 'in vitro' conditions, lifestyle-independent interventions may have additional health benefits and can even be conceived as possible reversers of the aging process. Thus, pharmaceutical laboratories, research institutes, and universities are putting more and more effort into finding new molecular pathways and druggable targets to develop gerotherapeutics. One approach is to target the driving mechanisms of aging, some of which, like cellular senescence and impaired autophagy, we discussed in an update on the biology of aging at AgingFit 2023 in Lille, France. We underline the importance of carefully and extensively testing senotherapeutics, given the pleiotropism and heterogeneity of targeted senescent cells within different organs, at different time frames. Other druggable targets emerging from new putative mechanisms, like those based on transcriptome imbalance, nucleophagy, protein phosphatase depletion, glutamine metabolism, or seno-antigenicity, have been evidenced by recent preclinical studies in classical models of aging but need to be validated in humans. Finally, we highlight several approaches in the discovery of biomarkers of healthy aging, as well as for the prediction of neurodegenerative diseases and the evaluation of rejuvenation strategies.

Effects of left thigh blood flow restriction exercise on muscle strength and golf performance in amateur golfers.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of lower-extremity strengthening exercise (LSE) with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on the left thigh on golf performance. Eighteen amateur golfers with more than 1 year of golf experience participated in the study and were randomly divided into two groups: LSE+BFR group (LSE with BFR on the left thigh, n=9) and LSE group (LSE without BFR, n=9). The LSEs consisted of squats, lunges, and standing leg curls. All exercises were performed 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Changes in thigh muscle strength, plantar foot pressure (weight transfer), and golf performance, such as club head speed, ball speed, and carry distance were measured before and after the exercise program. Right knee extension (P<0.001) and left knee extension and flexion (P<0.001) strength were higher in the LSE+BFR group than in the LSE group. The changes in plantar foot pressure confirmed that smooth weight transfer appeared in E1 (event 1) (address) (P<0.05) of the LSE+BFR group, which confirmed that the carry distance (P<0.05) of the LSE+BFR group improved after the exercise program. The results of this study showed that BFR muscle strengthening exercise are more effective than basic simple muscle strengthening exercise in improving golf performance through muscle strength and weight transfer improvement.

Review of paediatric obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-A focus on emerging non-pharmacologic treatment strategies.

Obesity in paediatrics has become one of the most serious public health concerns worldwide. Paediatric obesity leads to increased adult obesity and is associated with several comorbidities, both physical and psychological. Within gastroenterology, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common cause of paediatric liver disease and the most common cause of liver transplantation in young adults. Treatment for NAFLD largely focuses on treatment of obesity with weight loss strategies. Unfortunately, the traditional method of weight loss using multicomponent lifestyle modification (dietary changes, increased exercise and behavioural modification) has often led to disappointing results. In adult patients with obesity, treatment strategies have evolved to include bariatric surgery and, more recently, bariatric endoscopy. In paediatrics, the obesity and NAFLD epidemics will likely require this variety of treatment to address children in a personalized manner. Here, we present a review of paediatric obesity, paediatric NAFLD and the various treatment strategies to date. We focus on non-pharmacologic and emerging therapies, including bariatric surgery and bariatric endoscopy-based treatments. With such a large population of children and adolescents with obesity, further development of these treatments, including paediatric-focused clinical trials, is essential for these emerging modalities.

Awareness Status of Stroke among the Students of Saraswati Multiple Campus: An Exploratory Study

Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease characterized as a medical emergency that occurs when a blockage ensues in the brain and the blood supply is interrupted or discontinued by any means. It is popularly categorized as Ischemic stroke, Intracranial Hemorrhage, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and is one of the leading cause of deaths worldwide. This research includes prevention techniques, treatment strategies, opinions, and the awareness status of respondents, sequentially including the citations of various researchers on the issue of stroke. The research explores stroke-associated factors and the awareness status among the students, who are currently pursuing the degree, Master of Arts in Sociology and English at Saraswati Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University. Similarly, the number of respondents was 22, and the data was collected through a convenience sampling technique that demonstrates the opinions of the respondents. The researcher has used both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the data. The principal findings present that the respondents (40.91%) believes hypertension is the major factor in stroke, whereas respondents (54.5%) agrees that exercise and healthy lifestyle modification can reduce the risk factors. Correspondingly, the data concludes respondents (86.4%) takes the stroke patient to the hospital and shows the overall awareness status is satisfactory. Furthermore, the knowledge in the event of stroke contribution to the patient is strong and the respondents (77.3%) have stated that the stroke affects the brain, although they are not familiar with Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) techniques if the patient is in unconscious condition having breathing problem. Finally, the research concludes that stroke awareness status is satisfactory among the respondents and prioritizes that stroke-related course books must be included at the University level of Social Sciences disciplines, whereby the proper information and knowledge spreads within the students. It improves on identifying the actual symptoms and also encourages the patient's early admission to the hospital, which helps to decrease disability and other impairments via conducting proper methods.

Association of duration and intensity of exercise with phenotypic expression in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

ObjectivesThere is limited data regarding the impact of exercise on phenotypic expression in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We aimed to investigate whether such an association exists in a cohort of genotype-positive HCM patients. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study of genotype-positive HCM families, we used structured questionnaires to obtain data regarding intensity and duration of exercise of participants starting at the age of 10, as well as data regarding exercise recommendations and their impact on quality of life (QOL). The association of cumulative metabolic-equivalent hours of exercise at different ages with different measures of phenotypic expression (maximal wall thickness, left atrial diameter, extent of late gadolinium enhancement) was analyzed. ResultsThe study included 109 patients from 55 families, including 43 male (39%) and 90 (83%) phenotype-positive. No association was identified between exercise duration or intensity with any of the phenotypic markers with the exception of greater cumulative exercise associated with younger age at presentation. Similar results were obtained when analysis was limited to exercise until the age of 20, until the age of 30 or only after 30.Among phenotype-positive patients, 89% recalled receiving recommendations regarding exercise restriction, 29% noted reduction in exercise level following such recommendations and 25% noted this having a significant impact on their QOL. ConclusionWe found no association between exercise intensity or duration and phenotypic expression in genotype-positive HCM patients. These findings are important for physician-patient discussions and support the recent trend towards more permissive exercise restrictions in HCM.

TFEB is a central regulator of the aging process and age-related diseases.

Old age is associated with a greater burden of disease, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as other chronic diseases. Coincidentally, popular lifestyle interventions, such as caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and regular exercise, in addition to pharmacological interventions intended to protect against age-related diseases, induce transcription factor EB (TFEB) and autophagy. In this review, we summarize emerging discoveries that point to TFEB activity affecting the hallmarks of aging, including inhibiting DNA damage and epigenetic modifications, inducing autophagy and cell clearance to promote proteostasis, regulating mitochondrial quality control, linking nutrient-sensing to energy metabolism, regulating pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, inhibiting senescence and promoting cell regenerative capacity. Furthermore, the therapeutic impact of TFEB activation on normal aging and tissue-specific disease development is assessed in the contexts of neurodegeneration and neuroplasticity, stem cell differentiation, immune responses, muscle energy adaptation, adipose tissue browning, hepatic functions, bone remodeling, and cancer. Safe and effective strategies of activating TFEB hold promise as a therapeutic strategy for multiple age-associated diseases and for extending lifespan.

Incretin Analogs for Weight Management in Adults Without Diabetes.

This is a narrative review of incretin analogs and their effect on weight management in adult without diabetes. Randomized controlled trials were identified by English language. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched from inception through June 2023 to identify all pertinent trials reporting outcomes on efficacy and safety search using the terms: tirzepatide, semaglutide, liraglutide, and obesity. Selected studies were included if the study population was composed of adults without diabetes being treated by glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 agonists for weight management, and weight loss was assessed as a primary outcome. Fifteen studies involving 3 pharmacotherapies (liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide) were identified. Efficacy data supporting the use of these agents for weight management were promising when compared to placebo and/or other behavioral therapies. Percent weight loss ranged from 5.7% to 11.8%, 14.9% to 17.4%, and 15% to 20.9% for liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide, respectively. Safety data were relatively similar across all trials and identified gastrointestinal adverse effects as most common. Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists are preferred for overweight or obese patients by the American Gastroenterological Association. Future guidelines may address tirzepatides' place in therapy as new evidence comes forth. Providers should consider patient-specific factors such as cost, adverse effects, drug interactions, and comorbidities when prescribing these agents and provide education regarding the need for concurrent diet and exercise modifications. All incretin analogs in this review are superior to placebo when used for weight management in adults without diabetes.