Resistance Training Research Articles

Sheer drop ahead: reviewing sarcopenia outcomes in elderly patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

The global prevalence of obesity among elderly patients continues to rise. Despite the availability of new antiobesity medications, bariatric surgery remains an effective treatment option for carefully selected candidates. However, it is not risk-free, especially in a vulnerable population, predisposing to falls, fractures and sarcopenia. Following bariatric surgery, there is rapid loss of muscle mass, particularly within the first 3 months. Muscle quality, on the other hand, characterized by functionality and indirectly assessed through strength tests, appears to be preserved. This is attributed to reductions in ectopic intramuscular fat deposits. Strategies to mitigate muscle loss and functional impairment include combined exercises (resistive and aerobic training), adequate protein and vitamin D intake, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation, and testosterone replacement therapy for men with confirmed hypogonadism. It is important to emphasize that, to date, no specific trial has evaluated the current sarcopenia criteria in elderly patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Therefore, future studies are needed to assess this particularly vulnerable population, not only to monitor changes in muscular health, but also to develop strategies for preventing therapeutic inertia.

Comparative acute effects of aerobic versus resistance exercise on ameliorating cravings and associated emotional and cognitive factors in individuals with methamphetamine use disorders

Comparative acute effects of aerobic versus resistance exercise on ameliorating cravings and associated emotional and cognitive factors in individuals with methamphetamine use disorders

Resistance exercise training improves disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in humans: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundThis meta-analysis aimed to determine whether resistance exercise training (RET) can attenuate the loss of muscle volume and function in anti-gravitational muscles, especially quadriceps and calf muscles, during immobilization/disuse conditions. MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials comparing RET vs. no exercise during immobilization/disuse. Searches were conducted in databases including Web of Science, PubMed, EBOSCO, and Cochrane Library, without imposing a time limit until 20 March, 2023. Studies reporting outcomes related to muscle volume, MVC, peak power, concentric peak force, eccentric peak force, isometric MVC torque of knee extension, isometric MVC torque of knee flexion were included. Data were pooled using random-effects models. ResultsEleven randomized controlled trials were finally included. RET elicited substantial benefits for preserving quadriceps muscle volume (n = 5, MD = 252.56, 95% CI = 151.92, 353.21, p < 0.001). RET demonstrated a statistically significant preventive effect on the reduction of MVC in both quadriceps (n = 4, MD = 338.59, 95% CI = 247.49, 429.69, p < 0.001) and calf muscles (n = 3, MD = 478.59, 95% CI = 160.42, 796.77, p < 0.01). Peak power of quadriceps muscles (n = 4, MD = 166.08, 95% CI = 28.44, 303.73, p < 0.05) and calf muscles (n = 2, MD = 176.58, 95% CI = 102.36, 250.79, p < 0.001) were elevated after RET intervention. RET significantly ameliorated the weakening of both concentric and eccentric peak force in quadriceps (concentric: n = 2, MD = 470.95, 95% CI = 355.45, 586.44, p < 0.001; eccentric: n = 1, MD = 351.51, 95% CI = 254.43, 448.58, p < 0.001) and calf muscles (concentric: n = 2, MD = 867.52, 95% CI = 548.18, 1186.86, p < 0.001; eccentric: n = 1, MD = 899.86, 95% CI = 558.17, 1241.55, p < 0.001). Additionally, the diminishing of isometric MVC torques of knee extension (n = 6, MD = 41.85, 95% CI = 20.93, 62.77, p < 0.001) and knee flexion (n = 4, MD = 13.20, 95% CI = 8.12, 18.77, p < 0.001) were enhanced significantly after RET intervention.ConclusionsRET effectively minimized deterioration of muscle volume and muscle function during immobilization/disuse, particularly in anti-gravitational muscles. RET should be recommended to maintain muscle and neuromuscular health for spaceflight, bed rest, immobilization/disuse conditions. Further research is needed to explore the effects of RET in more diverse populations and under various disuse conditions. More high-quality research will be required to demonstrate the aforementioned benefits conclusively.

Effect of Acute Resistance Exercise and Resistance Exercise Training on Central Pulsatile Hemodynamics and Large Artery Stiffness: Part I

Effect of Acute Resistance Exercise and Resistance Exercise Training on Central Pulsatile Hemodynamics and Large Artery Stiffness: Part I

Effect of Acute Resistance Exercise and Resistance Exercise Training on Central Pulsatile Hemodynamics and Large Artery Stiffness: Part II

Effect of Acute Resistance Exercise and Resistance Exercise Training on Central Pulsatile Hemodynamics and Large Artery Stiffness: Part II

Muscle selection and dosing in patients undergoing treatment with abobotulinumtoxinA for lower limb spasticity in real-world practice.

Describe abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) dosing parameters in the real-world management of lower limb spasticity (LLS). Prospective, observational study (NCT0​4050527) following ambulatory adults with unilateral LLS treated with aboBoNT-A. The effectiveness population included 384 adults with LLS. Across the study, total lower limb doses were higher in patients who received only lower limb injections (n = 131, median 771U) than those who also received ≥ 1 upper limb injection (n = 253, 567U). Total doses increased over subsequent cycles in both subgroups. Six muscles (gastrocnemius medial and lateral heads, soleus muscle, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus) were identified as the main targets for the treatment of LLS; other lower limb muscles were injected in fewer than 15% of patients. The most frequent therapy interventions (mean ± SD of 1.8 ± 1.3h/week with a qualified therapist and 5.3 ± 5.9h/week self-rehabilitation in Cycle 1) were task-specific practice, passive stretch, strength training, and positioning. This study demonstrates how a diversity of muscle patterns are currently treated in routine practice where the primary goal was related to the lower limb and highlights important issues for further debate, such as potential underdosing and the need to balance upper and lower limb priorities when devising a treatment plan.

Letter to the editor concerning "Effects of aerobic exercise and resistance training on obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis" by Lin etal.

Letter to the editor concerning "Effects of aerobic exercise and resistance training on obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis" by Lin etal.

Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in India: Strengthening Diagnosis, Support, Training and Research

Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in India: Strengthening Diagnosis, Support, Training and Research

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for heart failure: effects on echocardiographic parameters and functional capacity: a randomized clinical trial

Background: Multiple comorbidities and physiological changes play a role in a range of heart failure (HF) conditions and influence the most effective approach to exercise-based rehabilitation.This research aimed to examine and compare the outcomes of concurrent exercise training, focusing on echocardiographic parameters and functional capacity of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Materials and Methods: In this randomized control trial, a total of 76 patients (average age: 68.2 ± 4.8 years) with HFrEF were randomly allocated into two groups: intervention group (IG, N = 38) and control group (CG, N = 38) that IG performed an eight weeks concurrent exercise training (3 aerobic and 2 resistance exercise sessions/ week) and daily breathing exercises. Echocardiographic parameters (left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, left ventricular end-systolic dimension, and functional capacity (6-minute walking test) were assessed before and the end of the study. Results: The comparison of CG and IG showed that 6MWT (204.2 ± 28.72 vs.273 ± 38.37) and EF (28.28 ± 4.39 vs.37.23 ± 6.54) had increased, and LVEDD (53.89 ± 4.73 vs. 46.71 ± 5.35), LVESD (45.55 ± 4.8 vs. 39 ± 5.26) had decreased after 8 weeks, respectively (p &lt; 0/05). Conclusion: In summary, this study provides compelling evidence that exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation can lead to meaningful improvements in echocardiographic parameters and functional capacity among older adults with heart failure, advocating for its broader implementation in clinical settings.

Impact of resistance and endurance exercise training on femoral artery function: sex differences in humans.

Exercise has direct and indirect anti-atherogenic impacts on arterial function and health in humans. Few studies have directly compared the impacts of different commonly adopted exercise approaches on femoral artery function. We hypothesized that, owing to its direct impact via sustained increases in shear stress, endurance (END) training would have larger impacts on arterial diameter and function than resistance (RES) training. Thirty-nine young, healthy participants (age 26.9±6.2 years, 22♀) completed 12weeks of both RES and END training in random order, separated by a 12week washout. Resting femoral artery diameter and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) were collected before and after each exercise intervention. END training was associated with an increase in both FMD (Δ1.61±3.09%, P=0.005) and resting diameter (Δ0.15±0.29mm, P=0.004). Neither resting diameter nor FMD increased following RES. However, sex difference analysis revealed that males increased FMD following RES (Δ2.21±3.76%, P=0.015), whereas no RES change was evident for females. Following END, both males and females increased FMD (♂, Δ1.11±1.65%; ♀, Δ1.88±3.67%; both P=0.025), with males also showing an increase in resting arterial diameter following END (Δ0.23±0.2mm, P < 0.001). Group data revealed that END has greater impacts than RES on femoral artery diameter and flow-mediated functional responses, which are endothelium mediated and nitric oxide dependent. Males exhibit beneficial impacts in response to both END and RES, whereas females respond predominantly to END. Our findings suggest that arterial adaptation to exercise might be influenced by exercise modality and sex. KEY POINTS: Exercise has anti-atherogenic effects and lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This is mediated, in part, by the direct haemodynamic impacts of exercise on arterial function, structure and health. Different modalities of exercise have distinct effects on arterial haemodynamics, but few studies have directly compared, within subjects and using a cross-over design of trial, the relative impacts of distinct forms of exercise training on arterial adaptation. In this study, endurance training increased baseline femoral artery diameter and flow-mediated dilatation, which is endothelium dependent and mediated by nitric oxide. Resistance training had a beneficial but lesser impact. Females and males were responsive to endurance training, but only males responded positively to resistance training in this study. These results show that changing the training mode modifies training-induced arterial adaptation; this has implications for the optimization of exercise prescription for individual benefit.

The Impact of a Western Diet and Resistance Training in a Rat Model of Mammary Cancer

This study aimed to investigate the impact of a Western diet and resistance training on cardiac remodeling in a rat model of chemically induced mammary cancer. Fifty-six female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of eight experimental groups, evaluating the impact of Western and standard diets, exercise and sedentarism, and the induction of mammary cancer. Mammary cancer was induced via the intraperitoneal administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) (50 mg/kg) at seven weeks of age. The resistance training protocol consisted of ladder climbing three times per week for an 18-week period, with a gradual increase in load over time. At the end of the 20-week experimental period, the animals were anesthetized and underwent echocardiography. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized, and organs and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were collected and analyzed. A histopathological examination was performed on the mammary tumors. The Western diet increased relative VAT and contributed to cardiovascular and tumor-related changes, including an increase in interventricular septum thickness (IVS) and left ventricle posterior wall thickness (LVPW) at end-systole. Exercise reduced fat accumulation, improved cardiac performance, and helped regulate cardiovascular function, as indicated by a higher eccentricity index (EI) in the WD+EX group compared to the WD group. The WD was associated with increased VAT accumulation and initially delayed tumor initiation; however, over time, it contributed to bigger tumor aggressiveness. This diet also delayed tumor initiation but increased LVPW. Exercise, when combined with a WD, accelerated tumorigenesis, malignant transformation and invasiveness, resulted in the higher prevalence of invasive tumors. These findings underscore the complex and potentially compounding effects of diet and exercise on cancer progression.

Different exercise interventions on quality of sleep in breast cancer survivors—a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

IntroductionBreast cancer is currently the most prevalent cancer globally; however, it generally has a favorable prognosis and is linked to a high survival rate. While effective treatments can extend survival and mitigate associated side effects, not all survivors are exempt from complications. Notably, a significant proportion of survivors experience sleep disorders following surgery, which can severely impact their quality of life. Exercise is frequently recommended as a non-pharmacological intervention to enhance sleep quality among breast cancer survivors and may also play a role in reducing recurrence rates. Recognizing that various forms of exercise may yield different outcomes in addressing sleep disorders in this population, we conducted a network review meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of diverse exercise modalities for breast cancer survivors suffering from sleep disturbances.MethodsWe searched four electronic databases for randomized controlled trials of individuals diagnosed breast cancer with sleep disorders by different exercise therapy. The primary outcomes included Yoga, Pilates, Qigong, Tai Chi, Walking, Dance, Resistance training, Football, Virtual reality therapy, Activity change exercise, Software-guided exercises. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Bias risk Assessment tool, and network meta-analysis was performed using Stata15 software. The review was pre-registered (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023442892).ResultsData on 3083 breast cancer survivors with sleep disturbances from 34 eligible randomized controlled trials were analyzed, with 23 classified as medium risk and 2 as high risk. Network meta-analysis showed that walking exercise [Standard Median Different (SMD) =3.06, 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI)=(-5.89,-0.23)] significantly improved sleep disorder (Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve, SUCRA: 84.5%) and reduced Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score.DiscussionBased on the network ranking table, we can conclude that walking exercise offers greater benefits compared to other exercise interventions for improving sleep quality in breast cancer patients. This finding presents a novel perspective on exercise interventions for breast cancer survivors experiencing sleep disorders.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=442892, identifier CRD42023442892.

Can Blood Flow Restriction Be the Key to Reducing Quadriceps Weakness in the Early and Mid-Phases After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with a Hamstring Graft? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament is one of the most common knee injuries. Following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, strength deficits and reduced quadriceps and hamstring muscle mass are common. Traditional strengthening protocols recommend the use of heavy loads. However, following surgery, heavy-load exercises are contraindicated to protect the joint and graft. Blood flow restriction resistance training is an alternative that optimizes muscle recovery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of blood flow restriction resistance training on muscle mass and strength after ACLR. Methods: The Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and PEDro databases were used to constitute the corpus of this systematic review. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s analysis grid. Results: Thirty-four articles were identified in the initial search, and five randomized controlled trials were included in this review. Not all studies reported significant results regarding strength and muscle mass. Two of these studies observed a significant improvement in strength associated with blood flow restriction resistance training compared with the control group. A significant increase in muscle mass was observed in one study. Conclusions: The blood flow restriction resistance training method shows superior efficacy to training without occlusion, yet this device has not been shown to be more effective than heavy-load resistance training in terms of muscular strength and muscle mass. Blood flow restriction resistance training shows superior efficacy in both these variables when used with low loads. However, there are still few random controlled trials on this subject, and this review presents their limitations and biases. Future research is needed on guidelines for the application of blood flow restriction resistance training in clinical populations.

Multi-omics uncovers immune-modulatory molecules in plasma contributing to resistance exercise-ameliorated locomotor disability after incomplete spinal cord injury

BackgroundExercise rehabilitation therapy has garnered widespread recognition for its beneficial effects on the restoration of locomotor function in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Notably, resistance exercise has demonstrated significant improvements in muscle strength, coordination, and overall functional recovery. However, to optimize clinical management and mimic exercise-like effects, it is imperative to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular alterations that underlie these positive effects.MethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial investigating the effects of resistance exercise therapy for incomplete SCI. We integrated the analysis of plasma proteomics and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) transcriptomics to explore the molecular and cellular changes induced by resistance exercise. Subsequently, we established a weight-loaded ladder-climbing mouse model to mimic the physiological effects of resistance exercise, and we analyzed the plasma proteome and metabolome, as well as the transcriptomes of PBMC and muscle tissue. Lastly, to confirm the transmissibility of the neuroprotective effects induced by resistance exercise, we intravenously injected plasma obtained from exercised male mice into SCI female mice during the non-acute phase.ResultsPlasma proteomic and PBMC transcriptomic profiling underscored the notable involvement of the complement pathways and humoral immune response in the process of restoring locomotor function following SCI in the human trial. Moreover, it was emphasized that resistance exercise interventions could effectively modulate these pathways. Through employing plasma proteomic profiling and transcriptomic profiling of PBMC and muscle tissues in mice, our study revealed immunomodulatory responses that parallel those observed in human trials. In addition, our analysis of plasma metabolomics revealed an enhancement in lipid metabolism following resistance exercise. We observed that resistance exercise plasma exhibited significant effects in ameliorating locomotor disability after SCI via reducing demyelination and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis.ConclusionsOur investigation elucidates the molecular alterations associated with resistance exercise therapy promoting recovery of locomotor function following incomplete SCI. Moreover, we demonstrate the direct neuroprotective effects delivered via exercise plasma injection, which facilitates spinal cord repair. Mechanistically, the comprehensive multi-omics analysis involving both human and mice reveals that the principal constituents responsible for the observed neuroprotective effects within the plasma are predominantly immunoregulatory factors, warranting further experimental validation.Trial registrationThe study was retrospectively registered on 17 July, 2024, in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No.: ChiCTR2400087038) at https://www.chictr.org.cn/.

Understanding Injuries in Young Female Soccer Players: A Narrative Review on Incidence, Mechanism, Location Risk Factors, and Preventive Strategies

There has been growing interest in understanding the injury profiles of young female soccer players due to their increasing participation in the sport and the unique risk factors they face. This narrative review examines the incidence, mechanisms, and location of injuries in this population, alongside the primary risk factors and effective preventive strategies. Injury incidence is higher during matches than in training sessions, with contact injuries dominating in games and non-contact injuries prevailing in practice. Knee and ankle injuries are the most prevalent, with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries being particularly concerning due to their frequency and long-term impact. The interplay of intrinsic factors, such as hormonal fluctuations, anatomical characteristics, and biomechanics, with extrinsic factors like training load, surface type, and footwear significantly influences injury risk. Prevention programs, particularly those combining neuromuscular, balance, and strength training, demonstrate high efficacy, provided that adherence is maintained. Moreover, fostering awareness among players, coaches, and stakeholders about psychosocial factors and menstrual health further enhances injury prevention. Tailored strategies addressing the specific needs of young female soccer players are crucial to ensuring their safety, optimizing performance, and supporting their long-term athletic development.

Multimodal Adaptations to Expiratory Musculature-Targeted Resistance Training: A Preliminary Study in Healthy Young Adults.

Exercise-induced adaptations, including neuroplasticity, are well studied for physical exercise that targets skeletal muscles. However, little is known about the neuroplastic potential of targeted speech and swallowing exercises. The current study aimed to gather preliminary data on molecular and functional changes associated with the neuroplastic effects of 4-week expiratory musculature-targeted resistance training in healthy young adults. Five healthy young adult men aged between 19 and 35 years, M (SD) = 28.8 (2.68) years, underwent 4 weeks of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST). We measured changes in maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels at baseline and posttraining conditions. Furthermore, functional and structural magnetic resonance images were obtained to investigate the neuroplastic effects of EMST. We analyzed the effects of training using a linear mixed model for each outcome, with fixed effects for baseline and posttraining. MEP and serum BDNF levels significantly increased posttraining. However, this effect was not observed for IGF-1. A significant increase in functional activation in eight regions was also observed posttraining. However, we did not observe significant changes in the white matter microstructure. Preliminary data from our study suggest targeted resistance training of expiratory muscles results in molecular and neuroplastic adaptations similar to exercise that targets skeletal muscles. Additionally, these results suggest that EMST could be a potential intervention to modulate (or prime) neurotrophic signaling pathways linked to functional strength gains and neuroplasticity.

Superset Versus Traditional Resistance Training Prescriptions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Exploring Acute and Chronic Effects on Mechanical, Metabolic, and Perceptual Variables.

Supersets are a time-efficient resistance training (RT) method that involve the sequencing of two exercises with little or no rest between them. However, despite their common implementation during RT, a comprehensive and quantitative review is still lacking. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the acute and chronic effects of superset and traditional set prescriptions on mechanical, metabolic, and perceptual variables. We also aimed to conduct subgroup analyses to determine the effect of different types of supersets (agonist-antagonist, similar biomechanical, and alternate peripheral supersets). A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and EBSCO databases from inception to 10 February 2024. Studies written in English and meeting our inclusion criteria were included. Pooled meta-analysis and subgroup meta-analysis were performed using a random-effects model. Nineteen studies involving 313 participants were included. Although there was considerable variance in certain outcomes, our estimated effects suggested that, compared with traditional set prescription, supersets allow for (1) a similar total number of repetitions [standardized mean differences (SMD) = - 0.03; p = 0.92] and volume load (SMD = 0.05; p = 0.86) with a shorter session duration and increased training efficiency (SMD = 1.74; p = 0.01); (2) higher blood lactate concentration during (SMD = 0.94; p = 0.03) and after (SMD = 1.13; p < 0.01) RT; (3) higher energy cost during RT (SMD = 1.93; p = 0.04); (4) similar creatine kinase concentration after RT (SMD = 0.22; p = 0.36), surface electromyography (SMD = 0.01; p = 0.98), acute muscle swelling (SMD = - 0.28; p = 0.36) and blood pressure (systolic blood pressure [SMD = 0.08; p = 0.71], diastolic blood pressure [SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.85], and mean arterial pressure [SMD = - 0.03; p = 0.88]); (5) higher rating of perceived exertion (SMD = 0.77; p = 0.02) and similar perceived recovery (SMD = 0.32; p = 0.33); and (6) similar chronic adaptations in maximal strength (SMD = 0.10; p = 0.36), strength endurance (SMD = 0.07; p = 0.81), and muscle hypertrophy (SMD = - 0.05; p = 0.87). The subgroup analysis revealed that utilizing agonist-antagonist supersets leads to a significant increase in the number of repetitions that are able to be completed compared with traditional sets (SMD = 0.68; p = 0.01). Similar biomechanical supersets led to less volume load (SMD = - 1.08; p < 0.01) compared with traditional sets. Supersets provide a time-efficient alternative to traditional RT, reducing session duration without compromising training volume, muscle activation, perceived recovery, or chronic adaptations in maximal strength, strength endurance, and muscle hypertrophy. Thus, supersets can be effectively implemented by athletes with busy schedules and RT enthusiasts whose main barrier to exercise is time. However, it should be noted that supersets generally induce higher internal loads, more severe muscle damage, and increased perceived exertion, potentially necessitating extended recovery times between sessions. Additionally, superset RT may have a similar potential to traditional RT in eliciting post-exercise hypotension. Regarding different types of supersets, agonist-antagonist supersets are more suitable for maintaining training volume, while similar biomechanical supersets concentrate stimulation on the same muscle group, compromising volume load. The original protocol for this review was prospectively registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) in December 2023 (CRD42023491533).

Influence of Professional Nutritional Support on Dietary Profile of Strength-Trained Women

Appropriate eating habits and personalized nutritional strategies combined with strength training can optimize metabolic pathways, enhance strength gains, and improve body composition. The present study aims to characterize and analyze how professional nutritional support influences the dietary profile and energy balance (EB) of strength-trained women. This cross-sectional study includes 64 strength-trained women divided into four groups: HyperWith (nutritional support, hypertrophy objective), WLossWith (nutritional support, weight loss objective), HyperWithout (no nutritional support, hypertrophy objective), and WLossWithout (no nutritional support, weight loss objective). Dietary profile and total energy expenditure (TEE) were assessed using a 24-hour food recall and physical activity diary. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA (α=0.05), followed by Tukey's post hoc test to identify group differences. The TEE, energy intake, and macronutrient intake were recorded and compared. No significant difference in TEE was found between groups, though individual variations were observed. Statistically significant differences (p&lt;0.05) were noted in EB, total calories, and macronutrients. The HyperWith group had a significantly higher mean total caloric value than WLossWith (p=0.006) and WLossWithout (p=0.011), with significant differences in EB between WLossWith and HyperWith (p=0.006) and between HyperWith and WLossWithout (p=0.008). HyperWith showed higher means of carbohydrates, proteins (p&lt;0.001), and lipids (p=0.044). The study emphasizes the importance of professional nutritional support for strength-trained women aiming for weight loss or hypertrophy, finding that dietary profiles and EB were partially aligned with recommendations, particularly among those receiving support.

The Relationship of Physical Activity to Anxiety and Resilient Coping Among Higher Education Employees

Background: Physical activity (PA) can positively affect mental health, yet many aspects of this relationship (degree of effectiveness across populations and conditions, biological mechanisms, etc.) remain unexplored. Aim: This study seeks to understand how PA is associated with anxiety, a common mental health condition, and resilient coping, the ability of an individual to overcome personal stress; and, how PA can be utilized to alleviate anxiety and strengthen resilient coping. Methods: Data collected from Health Assessment surveys assessed how several types of PA (moderate, vigorous, moderate-to-vigorous, and strength training) are related to anxiety and resilient coping. Results: Analysis revealed statistically significant relationships between PA and anxiety and PA and resilient coping. The findings from this study establish positive associations between PA and anxiety and resilient coping, emphasizing the powerful influence of PA as a mental health therapeutic. Such results suggest that PA could become a key component for attenuating mental health crises of workforces within higher education institutions. Conclusion: These findings serve as convincing evidence that organizations should assess ways to incorporate PA into their policies and programs for the health and well-being of employees, namely those of higher education institutions.

‘The right advice’: a qualitative study examining enablers and barriers to recreational running and beliefs about knee health following knee surgery

ObjectivesTo examine the experiences, knowledge and beliefs of recreational runners with a history of knee surgery regarding (i) enablers and barriers to running participation, (ii) the association of running and...