Exercise Education Research Articles

Understanding “Fear Of Falling” And How It Impacts Older Persons Motivation To Engage In Fall Prevention Exercise Interventions

Abstract Background Fear of falling can cause older persons to restrict their activities, which drives reduced strength and balance and increases their falls risk. Falls can have a significant effect on older persons in terms of loss of confidence, ongoing falls risk and ultimately, a poorer quality of life (Oliver et al, 2010). Fall prevention exercise interventions can help reduce the risk of falling in older adults by up to 34% (Sherrington et al, 2020). This study aims to explore the prevalence of fear of falling in older adults both before and after attending a community-based fall prevention exercise programme. The programme consisted of an evidence-based Physiotherapy led 10-week strength and balance class, followed by a 16-week exercise instructor led strength and balance class. Methods A 2-part qualitative study. Part 1: Prior to commencing the class each participant completed a rating of their fear of falling measured by ConfBal (a validated 10 item Balance Confidence scale). Part 2: Questionnaire assessing their experience of the classes and corresponding change in balance scores. Results 17 older adults completed the programme. Surveys were returned by 8/17 to date (47%). Mean pre-intervention ConfBal score of 20, mean post intervention score of 15 (8/17 participants to date), average 4-point improvement after intervention was statistically significant (p=0.008). Reported benefits of falls prevention exercise classes include peer-peer discussion of functional ability, gaining confidence by exercising in a group environment, practising functional exercises relating to day-to-day tasks, and building social relationships. Conclusion Fear of falling amongst community dwelling older adults is common but group exercise improves confidence as well as boosting social interactions. Participation in fall prevention exercise programmes can help to better support older people as they age which may influence better health outcomes in our communities.

The effect of educational exercises by stimulating the brain with (Fit Light) technique on improving functional thinking and some kinematic manifestations and learning to perform running (400) meters

The research aimed to prepare educational exercises to perform a 400-meter run by stimulating the brain with the Fit Light technology for students, and to identify the effect of these educational exercises by stimulating the brain with the Fit Light technique in improving functional thinking and some kinematic aspects of learning to perform a 400-meter run for students. The experimental research method was adopted by designing the experimental and control groups with tight control for the pre- and post-tests. The boundaries of the research community were represented by third-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Mustafa University continuing the official working hours for the academic year (2023-2024), a total number of (85) students who were chosen. Among them for the main research sample were (40) students, representing (47.059%) from this community. Then, the experimental research group was randomly selected: students from Class (B), and students from Class (A) as a control group. After determining the measurement tools, an experiment was conducted by distributing (3) devices of (Fit Light) technology that operate with (LED) daylight or nightlight, distributed in arcs at distances of (100), (200), and (200) meters from the running track for an event of (400) meters, as the students applied it in the practical side of the main section for a period of (60) minutes of this lesson, at a rate of (2) lessons per week, for a period of (3) consecutive weeks. As for the students in the control group, they applied the same educational exercises, but without stimulating the brain with technology. (Fit Light), and the experiment began by applying pre-tests on Sunday, corresponding to (11/5/2023), and then the application began for the period extending from Monday, corresponding to (11/6/2023) until Wednesday, corresponding to (11/22). /2023), and the experiment ended with the application of post-tests on Thursday, corresponding to (11/23/2023), and the results were processed with the Social Statistical System (SPSS) so that the conclusions were recommendations that educational exercises by stimulating the brain with (Fit Light) technology help in improving functional thinking, In improving some of the kinematic aspects of both motor transfer between parts of the body and motor flow in terms of change in momentum, and in improving learning to run (400) meters among third-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, it is necessary to increase the capabilities of athletics teachers to enable them to apply educational exercises. By stimulating the brain with Fit Light technology because of its important role in motor learning for both the mental and skill factor.

Adherence to long-term telemonitoring-supported physical activity in patients with chronic heart failure

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common diseases with a prevalence of 1–2% in adults, disproportionately affecting the elderly. Despite consistent drug therapy, physical activity (PA) is an integral part of current guidelines. Yet adherence to regular PA and exercise interventions is poor and potential predictors and barriers to PA remain elusive. We examined the effects of a telemonitoring-based exercise intervention in 699 CHF patients in a prospective, randomized-controlled (1:1), multicenter trial. The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register under DRKS00019022 on 28.05.2020. For both, the exercise and control group, self-reported PA (MET*h/week) increased and sedentary behavior declined during the 12-month intervention period. In the exercise group, daily step count as analyzed via activity trackers remained stable (pre: 6459 [4016] steps/day, post: 6532 [3858] steps/day; p = 0.621). The average number of completed exercise instruction videos provided via an online application was 1.50 [1.44] videos/week at the beginning and gradually decreased to 1.00 [1.50] videos/week; p < 0.001). Multivariate regression model revealed that exercise-related PA (MET*h/week) and exercise capacity (Wmax) at baseline, CHF severity, atrial fibrillation and age predicted changes in self-reported exercise-related PA (R2 = 0.396). Furthermore, the BMI and the average number of completed videos per week at baseline were associated with the change in completed videos over the course of the study (R2 = 0.251). Our results show the influence of certain baseline characteristics as barriers and predictors of PA progression. Therefore, exercise programs should pay attention to patients’ individual conditions to set achievable goals, and eventually affect the adherence and sustainability of exercise-focused interventions.

The Effect of Educational Exercises Using the Ashur Model on Sensory-Motor Perception and Learning Some Skills on the Floor Movement Mat and the Vaulting Platform in Artistic Gymnastics for Female Students

The Effect of Educational Exercises Using the Ashur Model on Sensory-Motor Perception and Learning Some Skills on the Floor Movement Mat and the Vaulting Platform in Artistic Gymnastics for Female Students

Benefits of chest wall mobilization on respiratory efficiency and functional exercise capacity in people with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A randomized controlled trial.

Coexistence of chest wall hypomobility and lung hyperinflation compromises respiratory muscle function and respiratory efficiency in people with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to investigate the effect of chest wall mobilization on functional exercise capacity, respiratory muscle activity and respiratory muscle tissue oxygen saturation for people with severe COPD. Thirty male adults (age: 75 ± 6) diagnosed with severe COPD completed a 6-week programme (twice/week) according to intervention randomization (chest wall mobilization group, CWMG, n = 15; control group, CG, n = 15). Both groups received standardized education and walking exercise, while CWMG also received chest wall and thoracic spine mobilization. Electromyography of the essential and accessory respiratory muscles and tissue oxygen saturation of the intercostal muscle (StO2, measured by near-infrared spectroscopy) during incremental cycle exercise test were measured and compared between the two groups at pre-programme, post-programme and 3-month follow-up. Patients in CWMG demonstrated a significant increase in exercise tolerance from <3 METS to 4-6 METS (p = 0.000) after intervention. A significant decrease in activity of scalene, sternocleidomastoids and intercostal muscle during exercise test (p < 0.01) was found in CWMG, as compared to CG. A significant decrease in StO2 (p < 0.05) and greater decline in the slope of oxygenation dissociation (p = 0.000) were seen in CWMG during exercise test. These positive results were maintained at 3-month follow-up in CWMG. Improvements in exercise tolerance, respiratory muscle efficiency and oxygenation extraction ability in CWMG suggest a potential clinical benefit of integrating chest wall and thoracic spine mobilization for rehabilitation of people with severe COPD.

Non-pharmacological interventions to treat mood disturbances post-stroke: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Background Stroke survivors face high rates of depression, anxiety, and pseudobulbar affect. Clinicians report lack of clarity on effective non-pharmacological interventions due to uncertainty about treatment options as barriers to evidence-based treatment. No systematic review has investigated the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions on the conditions of depression, anxiety, and pseudo-bulbar affect. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions on the outcomes of depression, anxiety, and pseudobulbar affect in post-stroke individuals. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched databases Medline, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PsycINFO for randomized controlled trials in English, within 2012–2023, evaluating the effect of a non-pharmacological intervention on depression, anxiety, and/or pseudobulbar affect. Two researchers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. One researcher extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Data were synthesized narratively. Results Forty-two studies were included. Intervention types included education (n = 9), psychological therapy (n = 8), and physical exercise (n = 8). Intervention types reporting positive outcomes for depression were psychological therapy (n = 6), physical exercise (n = 3) and robot-assisted therapy (n = 3). Intervention types effective in improving anxiety were physical exercise (n = 2), psychological therapy (n = 3) and multi-modal therapy approaches (n = 2). No studies explored the impact on pseudobulbar affect. Conclusion Non-pharmacological interventions may be effective in improving mood in stroke survivors. Robot-assisted therapy and physical exercise were seen to improve multiple outcome measures. Patient education should be delivered alongside rehabilitation and directed to both stroke-survivor and caregiver.

Grossman’s Generalised Health Demand Model: An Application on Türkiye

Health is the main source of economic activity and human capital. Each individual wants to be healthy throughout her life in order to maximize his/her individual benefit and strives for this. In this study, which examined the health demand of individuals, Grossman's health demand (consumption and investment) model, which pioneered research on health demand, was referenced. The demands of 25825 individuals for medical care included in the 2016 and 2019 health research micro datasets in Türkiye were examined using the negative binomial regression model. In addition, the effects of human capital components (education, income, etc.) on the general health status of individuals were analyzed using the ordinal logit model. Health demand is influenced by economic variables as well as social and cultural factors and individuals' life behaviors. Such variables are also included in the analysis. According to the results, it was seen that individuals with chronic diseases are more likely to receive medical care than those who do not have such a disease. Besides, it was concluded that education, income, and sports exercises improve the health status of individuals, whereas aging and an increase in the number of diseases worsen the health status.

Relevance of therapist feedback in the context of group‑based exercise programs in medical rehabilitation – Results from a qualitative study with patients and exercise therapists

Background Although group-based exercise programs account for nearly half of exercise therapy services provided in German medical rehabilitation facilities, information regarding the application and effects of therapist feedback in this setting is sparse. Therefore, the aim of this qualitative study was to develop an understanding of the relevance of therapist feedback in the context of group-based exercise programs from the patients’ and therapists’ perspective. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five rehabilitation patients as well as five exercise therapists with work experience in group-based exercise therapy. Data were analysed using structuring content analysis. Results Three types of therapist feedback with respective modalities and characteristics were identified. Besides corrective feedback to support the patients’ exercise instruction, motivational feedback and performance feedback were used to aid the strengthening of psychological resources. Although therapist feedback constituted an important component of patient-therapist-interaction, evidence suggesting a facilitation of coping strategies, participation or long-term physical activity adherence was sparse. Conclusions While therapist feedback in group-based exercise programs likely aids the recovery of physical and psychological functions, its potential to promote the long-term goals of exercise therapy in medical rehabilitation appears to be underutilised.

The Complexities of Improving Learner Performance in South African Public Schools: Where Do We Start from? From the System to the Classroom or Vice Versa?

The purpose of this study is to explore the complexities of improving learner performance in South African public schools by probing whether the starting point should be from the education system itself to the classroom or vice versa. This is done with the aim of informing policy and practice towards improving the accomplishment of learners. This is a purely qualitative research study which relied on existing literature to solicit data to deal with the subject matter of this study. The literature that was used for this research study was not confined to South Africa only. The experiences of other developed and developing countries were used to enrich the data. This study found that considering the state, teachers, and learners as the major stakeholders in the teaching and learning exercise, collaboration between them is necessary. The study established that the voice of the learners as recipients of the curriculum must form an integral part of the learner performance improvement strategy. Schooling is about the learners, and therefore, their feedback from the assessments must be taken into consideration for their performance and ultimate achievement to improve. A further finding is that there must be collaboration between all three stakeholders to nurture a culture that motivates learners to learn, teachers to teach, and the state to collaborate with the teachers and learners to put in place policies that work. This research study contributed to the area of policy by emphasizing that the learners are just as important in shaping the direction of the education system as the policy-makers themselves. Put differently, education and curriculum planning that does not take the voice of the learners into account is destined to fail.

Pain neuroscience education and motor imagery-based exercise protocol for patients with fibromyalgia: A randomized controlled trial.

This study is a randomized controlled, biopsychosocial study investigating the effectiveness of pain neuroscience education (PNE) and motor imagery-based exercise protocol (MIEP) on fibromyalgia pain. Our study has four groups (MIEP n=12, PNE n=12, MIEP + PNE n=14, Control n=12) and all participants (n=50) consist of patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia with chronic back pain. The primary outcome measure was pain intensity, and secondary outcome measures were beliefs, kinesiophobia, anxiety-depression, cognitive-mood, self-esteem, and body awareness. A statistically significant decrease in pain intensity was observed in all experimental groups, without any group being superior (Visual Analog Scale [VAS]: MIEP + PNE p=.003, 95% confidence interval [CI], -4.7078to-0.9922; MIEP p=.003, 95% CI, -5.4806to-1.0194; PNE p=.002, 95% CI, -3.6139to-1.5461). There was a significant improvement in organic beliefs in both groups where PNE was applied (MIEP + PNE: p=.017, 95% CI, -7.8211to-0.3189; PNE: p=.003, 95% CI, -9.7999to-0.0401). A significant superiority in organic pain beliefs was detected in the MIEP + PNE group compared to the control group (p=.008, 95% CI, 1.7241-9.4959). According to this study, in which MIEP and PNE were combined, there was a decrease in pain intensity when both applications were applied together and when they were applied one by one. MIEP has improved her motor imagery ability, improved pain and increased body awareness. PNE has improved people's organic pain beliefs; removed people from fears, catastrophizing, and negative thoughts about pain; improved easier management of psychological processes and cognitive-emotion regulation ability.

A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Programmes or Strategies to Treat People With Persistent Knee Pain Following a Total Knee Replacement.

Persistent high levels of knee pain after a total knee replacement have been estimated to affect 5%-10% of people and this is related to dissatisfaction with surgery, reduced function and reduced quality of life. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs or strategies to reduce persistent pain and improve function and quality of life in people following a total knee replacement. The systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines with a search of relevant online databases up to 17 July 2024. The search criteria included English language randomised controlled trials of rehabilitation programs or strategies in any setting to treat people with persistent knee pain more than 3 months after a total knee replacement. Rehabilitation could include exercise, education, cognitive strategies and self-management programs and excluded medication trials, procedural techniques and complementary therapies. After removal of duplicates, there were 468 abstracts screened for eligibility with 23 remaining for full-text screening and finally, one study meeting the eligibility criteria. This study's interventions were pain neuroscience education alone and pain neuroscience education plus neuromuscular exercise. There were no statistically significant between-group differences for pain reduction or functional improvement. The evidence examining the value of rehabilitation programs or strategies for pain reduction and functional improvement in people with persistent pain following total knee replacement is deficient. Given the high number of people affected annually, further research concerning both prevention and management of persistent pain after knee replacement is warranted.

60 Sustainable impact of an outdoor exercise program on health outcomes of older adults: a quasi-randomized controlled trial with a 3-month follow-up

Abstract Older people benefit in several health-promoting outcomes from needs-oriented exercise programs in their immediate living environment. For a low-threshold, and thus sustainable and cost-effective design of exercise programs a transfer to self-organisation is favourable. The aim of our study is to examine the health-promoting impacts of an outdoor exercise program developed for older persons, as well as its sustainability after 3 months. Ninety-five persons aged 60+ were randomized according to their residence (IG: n = 40, mean age = 72.35 years, 24 female; KG: n = 55, mean age = 75.05 years, 34 female). An age-adjusted exercise program was carried out over 12 weeks (2x/week á 45-60min; adherence: 90.9%) by professional exercise instructors in urban parks. During this instructor-led exercise phase, seven participants were trained as mentors, and thus, enabled to continue the exercise program for further 12 weeks (1-2x/week á 45-60min; adherence: 2-3x/month = 11.5%, 1-2x/week = 88.5%). Before (T1) and after the instructor-led exercise phase (T2) as well as after the mentor-led exercise phase (T3), health outcomes (e.g., walking distance/6MWT, neurocognitive performance/DSST) of IG and CG (no intervention) were assessed and analysed using paired t-Tests. 75.1% of IG participants completed both phases of the exercise program. Neurocognitive performance improved significantly for IG between T1 and T2 (+2.32 correct number-symbol matches; p = .003; d = -.509) and remained stable between T2 and T3 (+0.15 correct matches; p = .863; d = -.028) while for CG the opposite development was observed (T1-T2: -0.6 correct matches; p = .451; d = .102; T2-T3: +2.18 correct matches; p = .004; d = -.423). IG improved their walking distance for T1-T2 by 21.39m (p = .172; d = -.223), which could be maintained for T2-T3 (+5,1m; p = .648; d = -.074). Improvements in CG for walking distance were smaller (T1-T2: +2.8m; p = .690; d = -.055; T2-T3: +14.26m, p = .315; d = -.147). The mentoring of the exercise groups proved to be very successful, as evidenced by the maintained effects in the mentor-led phase, ensuring sustainability of health-promoting interventions. (Funded by the Free State of Saxony, “Demographics” #100535625)

114 Prime Time of Life: A multimodal physical activity and health education programme for middle-aged and older adults

Abstract Prime Time of Life is inclusive of people living with clinical conditions and differing fitness and functional abilities. Health screening was conducted preprogramme, and specific clinical exercise advice and support was provided to participants by Dr Diane Cooper, Clinical Exercise Physiologist. Participants completed two 60-minute multimodal (cardiovascular fitness, strength, balance, flexibility) exercise classes per week and were also encouraged to complete additional classes in their purpose built on-demand exercise library. In all 60-minute exercise classes the exercise instructor demonstrated three different options for each exercise to cater for participants who were working at beginner, intermediate and advanced levels of fitness. Participants appreciated the adaptations and progressions that were available for all exercises as it enabled them to work to their ownability and progress and monitor progress throughout the programme. Each week a 20-minute health education workshop relevant to participants was delivered online via Zoom. The workshop was recorded, edited, and uploaded to YouTube to view on-demand. The link for each video was shared with participants weekly via email to support on-demand learning in addition to any other relevant supporting material such as a training diary. The Prime Time of Life programme increased participants upper and lower body strength, aerobic fitness and perceptions of physical and mental health (see chapter 3). This was in addition to increased confidence and feelings of positivity around the participants’ own management of healthy functional ageing (see chapter 3). Participants commented that they really enjoyed the Prime Time of Life programme. It increased their awareness on the importance of multimodal exercise for healthy ageing and that they felt empowered to continue training and improve their health in the long term. Following on from this successful programme a full train the trainer programme has been developed and piloted with 9 Local Sports Partnerships, 20 participants with further plans for upscaling.

Subjective Cognitive Impairment and Physical Activity: Investigating Risk Factors and Correlations among Older Adults in Spain.

Subjective cognitive impairment in older persons has a substantial influence on their quality of life and can progress to serious illnesses such as dementia. Physical activity level can help prevent cognitive decline and improve cognitive performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between frequency of physical activity and subjective cognitive impairment in Spanish adults aged 65 and over, and to identify different risk factors. Using data from the EHSS20 survey, the study focused on 7082 participants who provided information on cognitive impairment and physical activity. Key predictor variables included age, gender, BMI, marital status, and education level. A significant relationship was found between BMI category and gender, with 66.5% of the population being overweight or obese. Men were more likely to be overweight than women. Socio-demographic factors such as educational level, marital status, and physical activity frequency showed dependent associations with sex. Women had a higher prevalence of subjective cognitive impairment than men. A strong association was found between frequency of physical activity and subjective cognitive impairment, with inactive older people having the highest prevalence of subjective cognitive impairment. Older women who engage in little physical exercise and have less education are at risk for subjective cognitive impairment. Furthermore, for both men and women, being overweight was associated with a more reduced risk than obesity. Significant relationships were also discovered between subjective cognitive impairment, frequency of physical exercise, gender, BMI, and degree of education. In conclusion, older, sedentary women with high BMI and less education are more likely to experience subjective cognitive impairment.

Killer Corporations: Changing Student Attitudes on Corporate Crime Using an In-Class Exercise

The purpose of this paper is to share a teaching exercise on corporate deviance and an assessment of its effectiveness. A pre/posttest survey was utilized to investigate the impact of the exercise on student attitudes concerning corporate deviance. In particular, the project was intended to teach students about the serious nature of corporate crimes. While Americans think corporate crime is a serious issue, they tend to resist giving harsh penalties to corporate criminals. This exercise illustrated that even when corporations commit serial murder, they often get light punishments compared to those individuals who have committed similar crimes. Ultimately, the purpose of the exercise was to illustrate the disparity in punishment for similar crimes. The assessment of the exercise indicated support for our hypotheses. There was an increase in the percentage of students that think corporate deviance should be treated more similarly to street crime from the pre to the posttest.

Innovative approaches to financial analytics education: Kolb's theory in SEC IPO analysis

AbstractThis study presents an innovative educational approach, integrating David A. Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) into financial analytics education, with a focus on the analysis of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) via the SEC's EDGAR database. Through the application of ELT, this article explores the effective melding of experiential learning methodologies with advanced analytical tools such as Python, SQL, and various data analytics platforms. The teaching exercise outlined emphasizes the importance of hands‐on activities—ranging from data scraping and analysis of SEC filings to conducting sentiment analysis—aimed at fostering not only technical proficiency among students but also enhancing their critical thinking and ethical decision‐making skills. By detailing the execution and outcomes of utilizing ELT in the context of financial analytics, this work contributes to the discourse on modern finance education, advocating for a model that prepares students for the challenges of an increasingly complex and ethical finance industry. This approach underscores the need for educational practices that are both theoretically robust and practically relevant, ensuring students are well‐equipped for dynamic roles within the finance sector.

Live Streaming of the Professor's Ward Rounds in Undergraduate Neurology Education: Usability Study.

Although neurology department ward rounds are among the most important medical education exercises in Japan, they have several issues. Patients may find it unpleasant to undergo repeated neurological tests, especially when in the presence of several students. Only the front row of students can closely observe the examination findings; moreover, students were prohibited from contacting patients altogether during the COVID-19 pandemic. One possible solution is to use commercial videoconferencing systems. However, Japanese patients are reluctant to have their medical information or video footage of them sent outside of the hospital via the internet. The study aimed to confirm the feasibility of conducting remote teaching rounds using an in-house web conferencing system in which the patients' personal data are securely protected. This study also explored whether using remote rounds alongside face-to-face participation would enhance learning. We created an on-premises videoconferencing system using an open-source app. To perform video ward rounds, the professor wore a wireless microphone while leading routine in-person rounds and the attending physician carried a tablet device linked to a web conference, allowing students in another room to watch the rounds on a live stream. In total, 112 of 5th-year students who entered their 1-week neurology rotation between 2021 and 2022 were instructed to participate in 1-hour in-person and remote rounds. Students were given questionnaires to evaluate their satisfaction and the educational effects of the remote rounds. The remote ward rounds were conducted easily with no interference with the in-person rounds, nor any complaints from the patients. Each examination technique was explained by another teacher to the students who participated in remote rounds in the conference room. Characteristic neurological findings, such as plantar reflexes (Babinski sign), which are usually seen only by close observers during in-person rounds, could be visualized under magnification by all students. The postexperience survey (82/112, 73% response rate) showed that the mean score of participants' satisfaction was 3.94 (SD 0.83; excellent 5 and poor 1). No participant scoring 1 was noted. The proportion of students who observed 6 representative abnormal neurological findings (Babinski sign, hyperreflexia, cerebellar ataxia, involuntary movement, muscular weakness, and abnormality in sensory examination) increased by 22% (18/82, range 13-24) compared to in-person rounds alone. When self-rating the learning value, 43% (35/82) of the students answered that remote rounds are equally as valuable as in-person rounds, while 32% (26/82) preferred remote rounds. Live-streaming of neurology ward rounds using a secure in-house web conferencing system provides additional learning experience without concerns regarding leakage of patient information. This initiative could enhance neurology learning before entering a clinical clerkship.

Exploration of Multi-level Teaching of Physical Education in Universities Based on Information Technology

Since entering the information age, various industries have been further developed with the support of information technology, and the field of education is no exception. Since the construction of sports informatization in universities, the widespread application of various educational informatization technologies has promoted the innovation of sports teaching modes and methods. At present, the construction of a multi-level physical education teaching system based on information technology in universities is not only an innovative exploration of traditional physical education teaching work, but also a necessary path to promote the reform of physical education teaching work. Based on this, the article first elaborates on the concept of multi-level teaching, and then analyzes the application advantages of information technology, as well as the importance of implementing multi-level physical education teaching in universities based on information technology. Corresponding suggestions are proposed to mobilize the enthusiasm of college students to participate in physical education learning and exercise, unleash the educational value of sports, and help them shape a sound physical and mental quality.

Community Nursing Care: Unhealthy Lifestyle as A Risk Factor of Hypertension in Older Adults in Rural Areas

Introduction: Adults-elderly habits of unhealthy lifestyles increase the risk of hypertension. The high incidence of hypertension causes indications for the diagnosis of community health deficit. Hypertension can be associated with heredity, an unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking, less consumption of vegetables and fruits, lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption and stress. Objective: to determinan the picture of community nursing care, unhealthy lifestyles health deficit problems in older adults with behavioral promotion interventions for health efforts in RW 02 Baratan Village. Method: The method use in this study was quantitative descriptive and quota sampling technique to determine the sample. Results: The research results show that implementig promotion interventions for health efforts are able to increase knowledge, atttudes, and behavior towards healthy lifestyles through education programs, exercise, and demonstrations. The Sig(2-tailed) value obtained in the knowledge category was P=0.025; attitude category P=0.000; behavior category P=0.000 where a&lt;0.05 means there is a difference between before and after implementation. Conclusion: There has been increase in health program participation, health standars compliance, and monitoring of communty health standards.

Application of video tutorials as a media for learning front punch of pencak silat to improve students' motivation and skills learning outcomes

To determine effective learning outcomes in learning activities, motivation and learning outcomes are 2 very important components. The utilization of video instructional exercise learning media is one component of the apparatus to form fruitful instructing and learning exercises. Knowing the impact and how much impact it has on its usage. The aim of this investigation is to supply video instructional exercise learning materials to progress fundamental Pencak Silat front assault development abilities. This inquire about applies a one-group pretest and posttest design. Utilizing information appraisal models, abilities appraisal, and learning inspiration surveys. The tests utilized in this inquire about were 32 tests, and this number was decided based on the number of understudies within the course. The results of the study showed that the media used can affect motivation (t = 2.509, p = 0.018), knowledge (Z= 5.660, p = 0.000), and skills (Sitting cross-legged Z= 4.967, p = 0.000; Stand up straight Z= 5.035, p=0.000; Sawhorse Z= 4.998, p= 0.000; and move Z= 5.009, p= 0.000). We recommend that teachers can develop teaching materials by utilizing technology so that learning is more motivating and makes it easier for students to learn teaching materials.