Exercise-induced Fatigue Research Articles

Astrocytic calcium signals modulate exercise-induced fatigue in mice

Exercise-induced fatigue (EF) is characterized by a decline in maximal voluntary muscle force following prolonged physical activity, influenced by both peripheral and central factors. Central fatigue involves complex interactions within the central nervous system (CNS), where astrocytes play a crucial role. This study explores the impact of astrocytic calcium signals on EF. We used adeno-associated viruses to express GCaMP7b in astrocytes of the dorsal striatum in mice, allowing us to monitor calcium dynamics. Our findings reveal that EF significantly increases the frequency of spontaneous astrocytic calcium signals. Utilizing genetic tools to either enhance or reduce astrocytic calcium signaling, we observed corresponding decreases and increases in exercise-induced fatigue time, respectively. Furthermore, modulation of astrocytic calcium signals influenced corticostriatal synaptic plasticity, with increased signals impairing and decreased signals ameliorating long-term depression (LTD). These results highlight the pivotal role of astrocytic calcium signaling in the regulation of exercise-induced fatigue and synaptic plasticity in the striatum.

Integrated anti-fatigue effects of polysaccharides and small molecules coexisting in water extracts of ginseng: gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms

Ethnopharmacological relevanceBoth clinical and animal studies have demonstrated that ginseng has curative effects on fatigue. Our previous study found that water extracts of ginseng (WEG) could significantly mitigate exercise-induced fatigue (EF). Notably, polysaccharides (GP) and small molecules (GS, mainly ginsenosides) coexist in WEG. Whether and how GP and GS contribute to the anti-EF effects of WEG remains unknown. Aim of the studyTo evaluate the contribution of GP and GS to the anti-EF effects of WEG and clarify the potential gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms. Materials and MethodsFirstly, the anti-EF effects of WEG, GP and GS were comparatively investigated by determining fatigue phenotypes (energy metabolism and oxidative stress parameters), gut microbiota composition as well as exogenous and endogenous metabolites in EF modeling rats. Then, the gut microbiota mediated mechanisms were verified by antibiotics (ABX) intervention and fecal microbial transplantation (FMT). ResultsGP, GS and WEG each exhibited distinct anti-EF effects in differentially improving EF-induced energy metabolism abnormality and oxidative stress, reshaping gut microbiota composition, and elevating systemic metabolites. Notably, WEG showed stronger anti-EF effects than both GP and GS, characterized by better alleviation of disturbances in energy metabolism (e.g. Glc) and oxidative stress parameters (e.g. SOD), regulation of gut microbiota homeostasis (e.g. enriching the genus Coprococcus and species Collinsella provencensis etc.), as well as increases in exogenous secondary ginsenosides (e.g. 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, CK), endogenous bile acids (BAs) (e.g. CA, DCA, LCA), and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (e.g. butyric acid). The stronger anti-EF effects of WEG compared to GP and GS could be abolished by ABX intervention, and transferred by FMT. ConclusionGP and GS could collectively contribute to the anti-EF effects of WEG through integrated actions. Gut microbiota mediate the integrated anti-EF effects of GP and GS in WEG, potentially by regulating the levels of exogenous bioactive secondary ginsenosides, as well as endogenous BAs and SCFAs, thereby alleviating fatigue-related energy metabolic abnormalities and oxidative stress.

Maximal inspiratory pressure and exercise-induced inspiratory muscle fatigue in chronic nonspecific low back pain

Patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) show reduced inspiratory muscle function. However, studies comparing maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and exercise-induced inspiratory muscle fatigue (IMF) between CNSLBPand healthy controls (HC) are lacking. To compare MIP and exercise-induced IMF between CNSLBPand HC. Cross-sectional study. MIP was recorded in 25 persons with CNSLBP and 15 HC before and immediately, 15 and 30 minutes after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. Inspiratory muscle weakness was defined as a predicted MIP value lower than 80%, and exercise-induced IMF as a ≥10% reduction in MIP following the exercise test. Baseline MIP was similar between CNSLBP (109±32 cmH2O) and HC (116±32 cmH2O) (p= 0.525). Inspiratory muscle weakness was present in 36% of the CNSLBP group and in 20% of the HC group, with no significant difference between groups (p= 0.777). None of the groups showed significant exercise-induced IMF immediately (CNSLBP: -2.1%, HC: 3.7%), 15 minutes (CNSLBP: -5.4%, HC: -5.2%), and 30 minutes (CNSLBP: -4.7%, HC: -6.6%) after the maximal exercise test (p> 0.05), with no between group differences with regard to magnitude and proportion (CNSLBP: 24%, HC: 33%) (p> 0.05). This study shows that there is no difference in MIP and the proportion of inspiratory muscle weakness between persons with CNSLBP and HC. Additionally, within both groups, there was no exercise-induced IMF immediately, 15 and 30 minutes after a maximal exercise test. Furthermore, there was no difference in the magnitude and proportion of exercise-induced IMF between both groups.

Beta-band oscillations and spike-local field potential synchronization in the motor cortex are correlated with movement deficits in an exercise-induced fatigue mouse model

Beta-band oscillations and spike-local field potential synchronization in the motor cortex are correlated with movement deficits in an exercise-induced fatigue mouse model

Effect of concentric exercise-induced fatigue on proprioception, motor control and performance of the upper limb in handball players.

The last phases of a competitive game are when shoulder injuries most commonly happen, and fatigue is thought to be a major contributing factor, perhaps because of reduced proprioception and motor control. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of concentric fatigue on proprioception, motor control, and performance of the upper limb in handball players. Forty-six right-handed handball players (all males, age 26.1 ± 5.54 years) were included in this test-retest laboratory experiment. Proprioception was assessed using joint reposition sense (JRS), threshold to detection of passive movement (TTDPM), muscle onset latency (MOL), motor control using Y balance test upper quarter (YBT-UQ) and performance using the athletic shoulder test (ASH) before and immediately after fatigue intervention. The fatigue protocol consisted of concentric, maximal effort, isokinetic contractions at 900/sec with sets of 30 repetitions of the shoulder external and internal rotator muscles. Fatigue was determined by a 40% decline in the peak torque over three consecutive contractions despite reinforcing feedback and encouragement. A significant increase in absolute angular error (AAE) was observed in all target angles in both external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR) directions (p < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant increase in TTDPM in internal rotation after fatigue intervention (p = 0.020. Variable changes were found in YBT-UQ and ASH tests. Specifically, statistically significant differences were found in anteromedial (AM) (p = 0.041), superolateral (SL) reach directions (p = 0.005), composite score (p = 0.009) in the right hand and inferolateral (IL) reach direction in the left hand (p = 0.020) in the YBT-UQ. In addition, there was a significant reduction in isometric strength (ASH test) in the I position of the right hand (p = 0.010) and all positions of the left hand (p<0.05). Furthermore, there was an increase in MOL scores after fatigue but the increase was not significant (p > 0.05). Concentric fatigue of the rotator cuff muscles induces notable deficits in joint position awareness, kinesthesia, motor control, and performance of the upper extremity in elite male handball players. Although fatigue reduces reflex reaction time the effect is only marginal.

A150: Analysis of the Mechanism of Resveratrol's Action on Myocardial Energy Metabolism in Exercise-Induced Fatigue Rats

Background/Purpose: Promotional effects of resveratrol on myocardial mitochondrial energy metabolism in exercise-induced fatigue rats were investigated by network pharmacology and animal experiments. Method: In the present study, the effects of resveratrol on myocardial energy metabolism were assessed using network pharmacology with enrichment analysis. Forty-eight healthy male SD rats of 6–8 weeks of age were selected and randomly divided into blank control group (C), resveratrol administration group (R), exercise fatigue group (E), and exercise fatigue + resveratrol administration group (ER) with 12 rats in each group. Rats in E group and the exercise fatigue + ER group were weight-bearing 5% swimming for 60 min per day, exercising 6 days a week and 1 day off for 6 weeks. Results: 1,359 exercise-induced fatigue disease targets, 2,385 heart failure disease targets, and 266 resveratrol targets were screened; a total of 62 intersecting targets were identified. The GO-enriched pathway analysis showed that resveratrol treatment of exercise-induced fatigue rat heart failure mainly affected three aspects: Biological processes (circulatory system, regulatory system, and positive regulation of cell migration), cell synthesis (septal rafts, membrane microregion, and perinuclear region), and molecular functions (heme binding, tetrapyrrole binding, and protease activity); KEGG-enriched pathway analysis showed that resveratrol treatment of exercise-induced fatigue rat heart failure was mainly affected from cancer pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis pathway, and AMPK pathway. Compared with C, E rats showed a significant increase in heart weight and body weight (P &lt; 0.05), a significant increase in the activity levels of CK-MB and cTnI (P &lt; 0.01), significantly lower activity levels of myocardial COX and SDH (P &lt; 0.01, P &lt; 0.05), and significant decreases in the activity levels of the mitochondrial energy metabolism-related genes SIRT1, PGC-1Α, and ERRΑ with significantly lower mRNA expression levels (P &lt; 0.01). Compared with E, ER rats showed a significant reduction in heart weight and body weight (P &lt; 0.05), a significant reduction in the activity levels of CK-MB and cTnI (P &lt; 0.05), a significant increase in the activity levels of myocardial COX and SDH (P &lt; 0.01), and the mRNA of SIRT1, PGC-1Α, and ERRΑ expression levels were all significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion/Discussion: Resveratrol ameliorated the extent of myocardial injury by improving myocardial energy metabolism in exercise-induced fatigue rats.

Effects of Korean Herbal Medicine on the Recovery of Exercise-Induced Fatigue and Exercise Performance: Narrative Review of animal experiments in Korea

Objectives: Many athletes utilize herbal medicines to enhance their performance. However, studies comprehensively analyzing the impact of Korean herbal medicine (KHM) on exercise performance enhancement are lacking. This study aimed to explore the basis of animal experimental studies on KHM in improving athletic ability and anti-fatigue effects and derive an evidence-based relationship between exercise and KHM intake.Methods: We conducted a systematic search of articles within the Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS) database. Animal-controlled experimental studies exploring exercise performance and fatigue recovery effects after administering KHM were selected and analyzed. Data were categorized based on exercise methods and outcomes, examining the effects of different KHM.Results: Through experimental research analysis, the effect of KHM on exercise was focused on muscle strength, cardiopulmonary endurance, and anti-fatigue, among basic components of exercise ability. For example, when administering Allii tuberosi semen and Ginseng Radix to an animal model, remarkable muscle strength enhancements were observed. Administration of Allii tuberosi semen, Ginseng Radix, Cervi Parvum Cornu, Ssanghwa-tang, Kyeongok-go, Yukmijihwang-tang, Jakyak-gamcho-tang, and Sogunjung-tang resulted in cardiovascular endurance improvements. Furthermore, Cervi Parvum Cornu, Ganoderma, Ssanghwa-tang, Dangguibohyul-tang, Ssangbohwan, Bojungikgi-tang, Bojungikgi-tang, Jakyak Gamcho-tang, and Sogunjung-tang were effective for fatigue recovery after exercise. We examined the impact of KHM on muscle strength, cardiovascular endurance, and fatigue recovery during exercise.Conclusions: This systematic review of animal-controlled experimental studies establishes a robust evidence-based relationship between KHM consumption and enhanced athletic abilities, offering valuable insights for athletes exploring natural strategies for performance enhancement.

Enhancing reactive agility in soccer: The impact of stroboscopic eyewear during warm-up across fatigued and non-fatigued conditions.

Although prolonged training with stroboscopic eyewear has demonstrated potential for enhancing visuomotor skills, the acute effects of stroboscopic stimulation are not well understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the short-term effects of stroboscopic exposure during the ball-specific phase of soccer warm-up on agility performance in preplanned and unpredictable (RA) tasks. Also, these effects were examined both in tasks involving ball dribbling and without the ball, as well as under fatigued and non-fatigued conditions. Twenty-two male soccer players participated in three sessions: a familiarization session and two experimental sessions, one with and one without stroboscopic exposure during the warm-up. RA was assessed before and after each session using the 10-repetition Illinois Agility Test, with and without ball control. Results showed that stroboscopic exposure significantly enhanced RA performance in tasks involving ball dribbling (p<0.001, effect size (ES)=0.57), and these effects were maintained under fatigued conditions (p=0.007, ES=0.39). However, there were no significant improvements in RA without the ball (p>0.05). Exercise-induced fatigue reduced RA performance in both conditions (F=28.2; p<0.001), regardless of warm-up type (F=0.5; p=0.484). Additionally, stroboscopic exposure did not significantly affect the changes of direction speed performance in the Illinois Agility Test (F=0.5; p=0.479). These findings suggest that integrating stroboscopic eyewear into the ball-specific phase of soccer warm-ups effectively improves RA performance in tasks involving dribbling under both non-fatigued and fatigued conditions. The effectiveness of acute stroboscopic stimulation is closely related to the specificity of the tasks in which it is applied. These insights could benefit training across various sports, encouraging coaches to adopt this approach to enhance player preparation before both training and competitions.

Salidroside and exercise performance in healthy active young adults - an exploratory, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Rhodiola rosea extract is purported to improve physical performance and support resilience to stress. Salidroside is considered to be one of the main constituents responsible for the ergogenic actions of R. rosea. However, R. rosea extract contains relatively little salidroside and cultivation of R. rosea is challenging as it is mainly found in high-altitude, cold regions. Additionally, the R. rosea plant is subject to conservation concerns because of its growing popularity. The purpose of this exploratory study was to evaluate the short-term effects of pure, biosynthetic salidroside supplementation on exercise performance, mood state, and markers of inflammation and muscle damage in healthy active young adults. Fifty participants (30 M, 20F; 21 ± 4 yrs; 173 ± 8 cm; 74 ± 13 kg) were randomly assigned to either salidroside (60 mg/day for 16 days) or placebo supplementation and underwent peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), intermittent time-to-exhaustion (TTE), and local muscular endurance assessments, along with mood state evaluations using the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Blood samples were analyzed for erythropoietin, myoglobin, creatine kinase-MM, and C-reactive protein. Salidroside supplementation enhanced overall percent predicted oxygen uptake during high-intensity intermittent exercise (p < 0.01). An increase in serum myoglobin was observed 24 hours following exercise in the placebo group (p = 0.02) compared with baseline whereas no statistically significant increase was observed for the salidroside group indicating reduced exercise-induced muscle damage. Placebo group experienced a decrease in number of intervals performed during the TTE test (p = 0.03), and a decrease in friendliness (p < 0.01) and an increase in fatigue-inertia (p < 0.01) as reported by POMS. The salidroside group exhibited stable mood states and maintained performance levels during the time-to-exhaustion test. Salidroside supplementation may enhance oxygen utilization and mitigate exercise-induced muscle damage and fatigue, warranting further research on its long-term effects and potential as an adaptogen for active individuals.

A soluble garlic polysaccharide supplement alleviates fatigue in mice

Garlic polysaccharide (GP) is an inulin-type fructan with potent antioxidant activity, whereas its health-promoting functions are not well explored. In the current study, we established a fatigue model by forcing mice to swim in a water tank for at least one hour every day. We measured changes in body weight, exhaustive swimming time, and biochemical indices related to fatigue in weight-bearing swimming mice fed low (1.25 g/kg-BW) and high doses (2.5 g/kg-BW) of GP by daily gavage for 7 weeks. The soluble GP was extracted from industrial garlic wastes using a patented method. The results indicate that GP improved symptoms by increasing the duration of exhaustive swimming, restoring blood biochemical markers (BUN and BLA), and increasing liver and muscle glycogen reserves in fatigued mice. GP also increased antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT) and restored ATPase activity by activating the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway. Additionally, GP modified the gut microbiota by increasing potentially beneficial bacteria and decreasing harmful bacteria. The increase in Bacteroidota and the decrease in Firmicutes phyla regulate the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids in the gut. In conclusion, GP may be effective in alleviating exercise-induced fatigue through multiple mechanisms and can be developed into health anti-fatigue supplements.

Structural characterization and anti-fatigue mechanism based on the gut-muscle axis of a polysaccharide from Zingiber officinale

This study aimed to characterize the structure of polysaccharide ZOPA extracted from Zingiber officinale and its purified form (ZOPA-1), and to investigate their anti-fatigue mechanisms based on the gut-muscle axis. The study found that the backbone of ZOPA-1 is primarily composed of →3,4)-α-Glcp-1→ and →4,6)-α-Glcp-(1→ linkages, with →4)-α-Glcp(1→ serving as its side chain. In exhaustive swimming experiments with mice, both crude ZOPA and purified ZOPA-1 demonstrated significant anti-fatigue effects, including enhanced glycogen storage, improved antioxidant capacity, reduced accumulation of metabolic waste products, and regulated energy metabolism in the gastrocnemius muscles. These effects may be mediated through the activation of the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE and AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathways. Furthermore, ZOPA and ZOPA-1 modulated the intestinal flora of mice, increasing diversity, altering abundance, and regulating short-chain fatty acid concentrations, suggesting a potential role of the gut-muscle axis in mediating the anti-fatigue effects. This study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between polysaccharides, the gut-muscle axis, and exercise-induced fatigue.

Detecting muscle fatigue among community-dwelling senior adults with shape features of the probability density function of sEMG

BackgroundPhysical exercise is an important method for both the physical and mental health of the senior population. However, excessive exertion can lead to increased risks of falls, severe injuries, and diminished quality of life. Therefore, simple and effective methods for fatigue monitoring during exercise are highly desirable, particularly in community settings. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of real-time detection of exercise-induced fatigue using surface Electromyogram (sEMG) features, including the kurtosis and skewness of the Probability Density Function (PDF) in the community settings to solve the issues of low sensitivity and high computational complexity of commonly used sEMG features.MethodssEMG signals from six forearm muscles were recorded during hand grip tasks at 20% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) task-to-failure contractions from 30 healthy community-dwelling elders at their respective community centers. PDF shape features of the sEMG, namely kurtosis and skewness, were computed from 25 s of non-fatigue stable phase and 25 s of fatigue data for comparison. Statistical tests were conducted to compare and test for the significance of these features. We further proposed a novel fatigue indicator, Temporal-Mean-Kurtosis (TMK) of channel-averaged kurtosis, to detect fatigue with relatively low computational complexity and adequate sensitivity in community settings. ANOVA and post-hoc analyses were performed to examine the performance of TMK.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found between the non-fatigue period and the fatigue period for both kurtosis and skewness, with increasing values when approaching fatigue. TMK was shown to be sensitive in detecting fatigue with respect to time with lower computational complexity than the Sample Entropy.ConclusionThis study investigated PDF shape features of sEMG signals during a handgrip exercise to identify muscle fatigue in older adults in community experiments. Results revealed significant changes in kurtosis upon fatigue, indicating that PDF shape features were suitable convenient detectors of muscle fatigue in community experiments. The proposed indicator, TMK, showed potential sensitivity in tracking muscle fatigue over time in community-based settings with limited computational complexity, highlighting the promise of sEMG’s PDF features in detecting muscle fatigue among the elderly.

No effect of aerobic fitness on exercise-induced diaphragm fatigue in females.

We tested the hypothesis that the incidence and magnitude of diaphragm fatigue following high-intensity exercise would be lower in females with a high aerobic capacity (Hi-Fit) compared with healthy females with an average aerobic fitness (Avg-Fit). Participants were assigned to groups based on their peak O2 uptake (V̇o2peak) obtained during cycle exercise: Hi-Fit n = 9, V̇o2peak ≥ 56.1 ± 3.4 mL·kg-1·min-1 versus Avg-Fit n = 9, V̇o2peak ≤ 35.7 ± 4.9 mL·kg-1·min-1. On the second day, diaphragm fatigue was assessed before and after constant load exercise test to exhaustion. Magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerve roots was used to nonvolitionally assess diaphragm fatigue by measurement of transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (Pdi,tw). Both groups exercised at >90% of V̇o2peak for a similar duration (Hi-Fit: 546.1 ± 177.8 vs. Avg-Fit: 559.3 ± 175.0 s, P = 0.9). Diaphragm fatigue was defined as a ≥15% reduction in Pdi,tw, approximately two times greater than the coefficient of variation. The mean group average reduction in Pdi,tw following exercise in the Hi-Fit (17.5%) and Avg-Fit groups (12.2%) was not different between groups (P = 0.2). The Hi-Fit group performed exercise at a higher absolute work rate that elicited significantly greater ventilatory work and inspiratory muscle force output. The Hi-Fit group did not experience greater fatigue compared with the Avg-Fit group, which we attribute to a greater reliance on accessory respiratory muscle recruitment, to training-induced increases in the aerobic capacity of the diaphragm, or a combination of the two. In summary, aerobic fitness is not predictive of exercise-induced diaphragm fatigue in healthy females.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We hypothesized that females with a high aerobic capacity would be resistant to exercise-induced diaphragm fatigue relative to healthy but untrained females. We assessed the pressure generated by the diaphragm following exhaustive exercise by stimulating the phrenic nerves. The magnitude and incidence of fatigue were similar between groups. Despite having higher ventilatory demands during exercise highly trained females were resistant to greater diaphragm fatigue. Aerobic fitness is not predictive of exercise-induced diaphragm fatigue in females.

Isokinetic Force Modeling in Sports Based on Embedded System of Motion Recognition Model

With the gradual deepening of sports research, sports training methods integrating more scientific and technological means can greatly improve athletes’ professional ability. Combined with the isokinetic strength training method, it can effectively alleviate muscle recovery and body flexibility, which requires an analysis of the level of sports body promotion, and a more efficient training program for various sports parameters. In this study, taking strength enhancement as an example, the convolutional neural network is innovatively integrated into isokinetic strength training. Using the motion data obtained by wearable sensors in the training, we trained the neural network model by real-time analysis of data samples through an embedded system. Further, we optimized the network parameters to realize the extraction and recognition of EMG depth features. Compared with the traditional isokinetic strength classification model, this model lays a foundation for further constructing personalized strength training guidance methods. After the simulation test, the difference of the model’s accuracy requirement before and after the pre-training is 4.6%, and the difference of the test set before and after the pre-intensive training is [Formula: see text]1%. It is 16.2% higher than the TCAM algorithm, and the gap with STA-LSTM remains between [Formula: see text]. It is verified that the attention concentration control scheme can not only reduce the error rate in visual recognition tasks, but also improve the complexity of the neural network model. The optimized lightweight data structure is especially suitable for embedded systems with limited computing power. All kinds of test projects verify its rationality and make full use of the control ability of the embedded system and the characteristics of parallel computing and programmability, which has great practical application value for the development of the Internet of Things system network. The research results have made a thorough study of the physiological guidance of existing strength training, the identification and evaluation methods of exercise-induced muscle fatigue, and the current situation of the existing isokinetic equipment.

Concentric exercise-induced fatigue of the shoulder impairs proprioception but not motor control or performance in healthy young adults

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of concentric fatigue on proprioception, motor control and performance of the shoulder in healthy young adults. DesignTest-retest experimental design. SettingHuman performance laboratory. Participants20 healthy adults. Main outcome meausure(s)Proprioception was assessed using the joint repositioning sense (JRS) and the threshold to detection of passive movement (TTDPM). Motor control was assessed using the Y-balance Upper Quarter test (YBT-UQ) and performance using the Athletic Shoulder test (ASH test). All tests were conducted before and immediately after fatigue intervention (CON/CON protocol). ResultsFollowing fatigue, absolute angular error (AAE) was significantly increase by 160.27 %. Moreover, there was a significant increase (48.41 %) in TTDPM after fatigue. Furthermore there was no significant differences in motor control and performance before and after fatigue intervention. ConclusionsSince muscular fatigue negatively affects shoulder proprioception, it is essential to assess proprioception before and after fatigue to detect any dysfunctions that may arise as a result of fatigue. To address these dysfunctions, it is recommended to engage in proprioceptive exercises under situations of fatigue in order to enhance the sensitivity of the mechanoreceptors.

Enhancement of exercise-induced fatigue alleviation and liver selenium regulation through in situ nanoselenium synthesis by Lactobacillus rhamnosus cells, empowered by Ganoderma lucidum spore loading.

Given the increasing awareness of the negative effects of fatigue on daily activities, mental health, and quality of life, antifatigue supplements are becoming increasingly popular among consumers. Selenium has been found to have antifatigue potential in high dosage, but may cause toxicity effects to the body. In this study, inorganic selenium was first converted to nanoselenium particles via in situ synthesis by Lactobacillus rhamnosus SHA113 (Se-LRS), and then loaded by Ganoderma lucidum spores (GLS). The resulting products were not only assessed for their antioxidant activities, but also the antifatigue potential in mice. As a result, both Se-LRS and the Se-LRS/GLS complex exhibited higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities in simulated gastrointestinal fluids compared to isolated selenium nanoparticles. The Se-LRS/GLS complex demonstrated sustained release of selenium in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and showed significant alleviation of exercise-induced fatigue indicators, but relatively lower liver selenium accumulation in the mice, surpassing the effects of isolated nanoselenium. No toxicity was found to Caco-2 cells for Se-LRS/GLS complex at 2µg/mL. This is a novel approach to enhance the antifatigue potential of selenium without causing extra toxicity.

Using nonlinear dynamics analysis to evaluate time response of cupping therapy with different intervention timings on reducing muscle fatigue.

Cupping therapy has been indicated effective in reducing muscle fatigue after 24h based on the spectral analyses of surface electromyography (sEMG). However, there is no sufficient evidence showing changes of sEMG nonlinear indexes at more time points after cupping therapy. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the intervention timings of cupping therapy affect the recovery from muscle fatigue. The purpose of this study was to use the sEMG nonlinear analysis to assess the difference of time response of cupping therapy between different intervention timings after muscle fatigue. This randomized controlled trial recruited 26 healthy volunteers. Cupping therapy (-300mmHg pressure for 5min by the 45mm-diameter cup) was applied before (i.e., pre-condition) or after (i.e., post-condition) muscle fatigue induced by performing repeated biceps curls at 75% of the 10 repetitions of maximum (RM) on the non-dominant upper extremity. Subjects were randomly allocated to the pre-condition group or the post-condition group. The sEMG signals during the maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of the biceps were recorded at four time points (i.e., baseline; post 1: immediate after cupping-fatigue/fatigue-cupping interventions; post 2: 3h after cupping-fatigue/fatigue-cupping interventions; post 3: 6h after cupping-fatigue/fatigue-cupping interventions). Two nonlinear sEMG indexes (sample entropy, SampEn; and percent determinism based on recurrence quantification analysis, %DET) were used to evaluate the recovery from exercise-introduced muscle fatigue. The Friedman test followed by the Nemenyi test and the Mann-Whitney U test were applied in statistics. The SampEn and %DET change rate did not show any significant differences at four time points in the pre-condition group. However, there were significant delayed effects instead of immediate effects on improving muscle fatigue in the post-condition group (SampEn change rate: baseline 0.0000 ± 0.0000 vs. post 2 0.1105 ± 0.2253, p < 0.05; baseline 0.0000 ± 0.0000 vs. post 3 0.0627 ± 0.4665, p < 0.05; post 1-0.0321 ± 0.2668 vs. post 3 0.0627 ± 0.4665, p < 0.05; and %DET change rate: baseline 0.0000 ± 0.0000 vs. post 2-0.1240 ± 0.1357, p < 0.01; baseline 0.0000 ± 0.0000 vs. post 3 0.0704 ± 0.6495, p < 0.05; post 1 0.0700 ± 0.3819 vs. post 3 0.0704 ± 0.6495, p < 0.05). Moreover, the SampEn change rate of the post-condition group (0.1105 ± 0.2253) was significantly higher than that of the pre-condition group (0.0006 ± 0.0634, p < 0.05) at the post 2 time point. No more significant between-groups difference was found in this study. This is the first study demonstrating that both the pre-condition and post-condition of cupping therapy are useful for reducing muscle fatigue. The post-condition cupping therapy can e ffectively alleviate exercise-induced muscle fatigue and there is a significant delayed effect, especially 3h after the interventions. Although the pre-condition cupping therapy can not significantly enhance muscle manifestations, it can recover muscles into a non-fatigued state.

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation And Heat Therapy Modalities On Recovery After Exercise-Induced Muscle Fatigue

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation And Heat Therapy Modalities On Recovery After Exercise-Induced Muscle Fatigue

Does cognitive function affect functional capacity and perceived fatigue severity after exercise in patients with coronary artery disease?

Successful execution of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programs, an important branch of physiotherapy in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD), depends on adequate cognitive abilities. It has been identified that coronary microvascular dysfunction, marked by reduced coronary flow reserve, is associated with impaired cerebral blood flow, affecting haemodynamic and cognitive performance. This study aimed to investigate how cognitive function influences functional capacity and differences in fatigue perception in CAD patients. Fifty CAD patients, with an average age of 59.40±6.58years, were evaluated for comorbidities (Charlson comorbidity index), number of CAD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, smoking, and physical inactivity), cognitive performance (Montreal cognitive assessment scale [MoCA]), functional capacity (incremental shuttle walk test [ISWT]), exercise-induced fatigue (Modified Bourg Scale), and physical activity (PA) levels (international physical activity questionnaire-short form). Analyses focused on the links between MoCA scores and CRF, ISWT outcomes, and differences in fatigue perception. Findings revealed a strong positive link between MoCA scores and ISWT performance (r=0.83, p<0.001), and a strong inverse relationship between CRF and MoCA scores (r=-0.95, p<0.001). In addition, MoCA score was positively correlated with differences in fatigue perception (r=0.88, p<0.001). These results highlight the critical role of cognitive function in determining functional capacity and managing fatigue in CAD patients. They also suggest that cognitive interventions may be a potential adjunctive approach in physiotherapy programmes.

The Regulatory Effect and Mechanism of Moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) on Spleen Immunity in Rats with Long-term Exercise-induced Fatigue

Abstract Objective: By observing the effect of moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) on spleen immune function in rats with long-term exercise-induced fatigue, we explored the mechanism of relieving exercise-induced fatigue. Materials and Methods: The male rats were divided into five groups: normal group (no intervention), control group (moxibustion at CV 8), untreated group (treadmill training), tail group (moxibustion at nonacupoint after treadmill training), and CV 8 group (moxibustion at CV 8 after treadmill training). We observed the general behavior of the rats, measured the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, IL-6, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-10 in serum, and examined CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β in spleen tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the spleen. Results: After 8 weeks of training, the results in the normal group and CV 8 group were significantly better than those in the untreated and tail groups. In the untreated group and tail group, body weight, spleen mass, spleen index, and serum IL-10 concentrations decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05 or P &lt; 0.01), whereas high expression was observed in other parts of the serum and spleen tissue (P &lt; 0.01). The spleen corpuscle in the white pulp was reduced and necrotic without obvious germinal centers. Conclusions: Moxibustion at CV 8 could inhibit the NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammatory pathway to improve immunity and relieve exercise-induced fatigue.