Reality Exercise Research Articles

Comparison Of Effects Virtual Reality and Short Foot Exercises On Balance and Performance in Pes Planus

Comparison Of Effects Virtual Reality and Short Foot Exercises On Balance and Performance in Pes Planus

Foreground–background separation technique for crack detection

AbstractCurrent level‐2 condition assessment methods for critical infrastructure assets mostly rely on human visual investigation of visible damages and patterns at the structure surface, which can be a costly, time‐consuming, and subjective exercise in reality. In this article, a novel method for crack detection is proposed via salient structure extraction from textured background. This method first extracts strong edges and distinguishes them from strong textures in a local neighborhood. Then, the spatial distribution of texture features is estimated to detect cracks as salient structures that are not widely spread across the whole image. The outputs from these two key steps are fused to calculate the final structure saliency map for generation of the crack masks. This method was validated on a data set with 704 images and the outcome revealed an average f‐measure of 75% in detecting the concrete cracks that is significantly higher than two other baseline methods.

Effectiveness of Wii-based rehabilitation in stroke: A randomized controlled study.

To investigate the efficacy of Nintendo Wii Fit®-based balance rehabilitation as an adjunc-tive therapy to conventional rehabilitation in stroke patients. During the study period, 70 stroke patients were evaluated. Of these, 23 who met the study criteria were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 12) or the control group (n = 11) by block randomization. Primary outcome measures were Berg Balance Scale, Functional Reach Test, Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients, Timed Up and Go Test and Static Balance Index. Secondary outcome measures were postural sway, as assessed with Emed-X, Functional Independence Measure Transfer and Ambulation Scores. An evaluator who was blinded to the groups made assessments immediately before (baseline), immediately after (post-treatment), and 4 weeks after completion of the study (follow-up). Group-time interaction was significant in the Berg Balance Scale, Functional Reach Test, anteroposterior and mediolateral centre of pressure displacement with eyes open, anteroposterior centre of pressure displacement with eyes closed, centre of pressure displacement during weight shifting to affected side, to unaffected side and total centre of pressure displacement during weight shifting. Demonstrating significant group-time interaction in those parameters suggests that, while both groups exhibited significant improvement, the experimental group showed greater improvement than the control group. Virtual reality exercises with the Nintendo Wii system could represent a useful adjunctive therapy to traditional treatment to improve static and dynamic balance in stroke patients.

Efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation associated to Virtual Reality and toAerobic Exercises program on the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia

Efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation associated to Virtual Reality and toAerobic Exercises program on the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia

Evaluation of Low Back and Neck Pain and Disability of Interns at Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department of Afyon Kocatepe University

Repetitive tasks, high force, direct pressure, and awkward joint and prolonged constrained posture are cited as prime risk factors, making particularly younger adult physiotherapists vulnerable to musculoskeletal injury. Fourth-grade students (interns) perform clinical practice at Afyon Kocatepe University Hospital. They apply hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, robotic therapy, virtual reality therapy and exercise therapy to patients (inpatient and outpatient) at both orthopaedic and neurology units approximately twelve months. Because we think they are under the risk of low back and neck disorders therefore aim of the present study is to evaluate recent low back and neck pain and disability of them. 50.6% participants had recent low back pain; 52.9% participants reported mild and moderate low back disability. 21.8% participants had recent neck pain; 16% participants showed mild, moderate and severe neck disability. The difference between units related to low back and neck pain or disability wasn’t significant statistically (p>0.05). Most participants announced that they used the body biomechanics correctly (84.1%) and took care of ergonomic conditions (91.5%). In conclusion, it is vital to identify prevalence of low back and neck pain among physiotherapy students and take necessary precautions to prevent further problems.

El pueblo de la Confederación suiza: su significación constitucional y composición

ResumenEl pueblo, que se expresa como cuerpo electoral (o conjunto de ciudadanos que tras la mayoría de edad pueden ejercer los derechos políticos), es elemento constitutivo y constituyente de la Confederación (tanto en su dimensión federal como en la cantonal) y, a la vez, órgano supremo y primera fuente de legitimidad del ordenamiento constitucional suizo. El pueblo participa en las decisiones que comportan incorporaciones al mismo dando lugar en ocasiones a conflictos con las decisiones de las autoridades competentes.AbstractThe people who are defined as the electorate (the citizens who after the age of majority exercise in reality their political rights), are the constitutive and constituent element of the Confederation (both at federal and cantonal level) and, simultaneously, the supreme organ and the principal source of legitimacy in the Swiss constitutional order. The people participate in decisions that involve additions to them some time generating serious conflicts with the competentauthorities.

MP23-09 A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR SIMULATED SURGICAL PROCEDURES USING 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Robotic simulation is a popular training modality. However, simulators are costly, driving a push for lower cost options to improve access to training. Herein, we evaluate the face, content, and construct validity of a proof-of-concept simulation platform developed by Mimic Technologies, Inc. using third party, off-the-shelf gaming controllers (Hydra System) on existing virtual (VR) and procedure-specific augmented reality (AR) and procedure-specific VR (PS VR) exercises previously validated on the dV-Trainer (dVT). METHODS: Participants were classified as novice (no robot experience, n1⁄421) or expert ( 30 console cases, n1⁄49) and prospectively assessed on a VR suturing task, robotic partial nephrectomy procedure-specific AR module, and PS VR suturing task on both the Hydra and dVT platforms. Post exercise and post study questionnaires assessed realism of simulation (face validity) and utility for training (content validity), as well as user feedback for each system via Likert scale. Integrated tasks and questions in the AR module were assessed. Questionnaire responses, as well as novice and expert performance data, were compared using t tests to establish face, content, and construct validity. RESULTS: Face Validity: Experts rated Hydra “very realistic” on the AR module (4/5 (2-5)), but less so for VR and PS VR tasks. VR on Hydra was significantly less realistic than dVT (p1⁄40.02), with no difference in PS VR and AR. Content Validity: On the AR module, Hydra had content validity for training residents, and teaching anatomy and operation steps (4-5/5). The Hydra VR and PS VR tasks had lower content validity, with the VR task rating significantly less for training residents and teaching technical skills (p1⁄40.01 and 0.005, respectively). Construct Validity: For the VR task construct validity was seen in 4 of 7 metrics (p 0.03) on Hydra and 6 of 7 metrics (p 0.04) on dVT. Hydra did not show construct validity in the AR module and PS VR task. User Feedback: Hydra was rated “moderately” easy, comfortable, and smooth to use (3/5 (1-4) each). The interface was rated “fair” (2/5 (1-3)), versus “very good” for dVT (4/5 (3-5), p1⁄4 <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This proof-of-concept, low-cost prototype based on the Hydra System for robotic simulation demonstrates face and content validity in an AR module for teaching residents cognitive content (anatomy and steps). The prototype has construct validity presently limited to VR basic skills tasks. This data is valuable for defining platform refinements, and highlights the role of early validation during simulation development.

Interactive-Virtual Reality (IVR) Exercise: An Examination of In-Task and Pre-to-Post Exercise Affective Changes

In this research, we examine the influence of imposed vs. self-chosen interactive/virtual reality (IVR) exercise on affect response following, as well as during, exercise. Our sample included 131 university students who were assigned to one of three 10-min conditions: (a) self-selected interactive/virtual reality (IVR) exercise, (b) externally imposed IVR exercise, or (c) regular exercise. Exercise intensity was standardized in terms of metabolic benchmarks. Mood benefits were observed pre-to-post exercise regardless of condition. During exercise, however, higher pleasure ratings were reported by participants in the self-selected IVR exercise condition. The implications of the immediate mood effects of self-selected IVR exercise are discussed.

연속적.간헐적 운동이 경증치매 여성고령자의 기능적 체력, 인지기능 및 일상생활수행능력에 미치는 영향

치매의 특성상 집중력 결핍, 불안, 긴장 등으로 운동지도 현장에서 치매 고령자에게 운동을 지도하는데 어려움이 따른다. 이에 운동시간을 배분하여 실시하는 방법인 간헐적 운동을 제시하고자 한다. 연속적 운동과 간헐적 운동이 기능적 체력, 인지기능 및 일상생활수행능력에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 이들을 위한 적절한 운동 처방의 자료로 활용하는데 있다. 대상자 선정은 B광역시 A치매전문요양원에 거주하고 있는 여성 고령자로 DSM-IV 기준에 따라 확정적 치매의 진단을 받은 자이다. 연속적 운동군 6명, 간헐적 운동군 5명으로 총 11명을 최종 대상자로 선정하였다. 손발운동, 한국무용과 밴드운동을 실시하였다. 주 3회, 총 12주간 실시하였다. Borg's scale을 이용하여 준비 및 정리운동은 RPE 7-9, 본 운동은 RPE 11-13의 수준으로 실시하였다. 연속적 운동군은 1일 1회 30분간, 간헐적 운동군은 1일 3회 10분씩 총 30분간 실시하였다. 모든 자료는 SPSS Ver. 18.0을 사용하여 평균값과 표준편차를 산출하고, two-way repeated ANOVA를 실시하였다. 통계적 유의수준은 .05로 설정하였다. 기능적 체력과 인지기능에서 시기간 유의한 차이가 있었다. 일상생활수행능력에서 시기에서 차이가 없었다. 모든 항목에서 집단, 시기<TEX>${\times}$</TEX>집단은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 연속적 운동군과 간헐적 운동군의 효과가 유사하게 나타났다. 이는 모든 치매환자에게 일반화시키기에는 제한이 있지만 운동시간 배분에 있어 연속적 운동방법과 유사하게 간헐적 운동의 방법도 경증치매환자의 운동처방에 유효한 자료가 될 것으로 본다. Dementia such as poor concentration, anxiety and tension makes it hard to continue exercise in reality. For this, intermediate exercise is suggested in this study. And the study investigates the effects on senior fitness, cognitive function(MMSE-K) and daily living activity(ADL) by continuous exercise and intermittent exercise, which helps to provide proper exercise treatment to them. For this, female elderly patients at A dementia hospital in B Metropolitan city are selected and they have been diagnosed with possible Alzheimer's disease according to DSM-IV. Among them, six(6) are grouped for continuous exercise and five(5) for intermediate exercise, total 11 people are finally tested. They are given hand&foot exercise, Korean folk dance and band exercise three times a week for the total 12 weeks. The continuous exercise group does their exercise one time of 30 minutes a day while the intermediate exercise group for three times of each 10 minute a day. For the result, SPSS Ver. 18.0 is used to get mean value(M) and standard deviation(SD) and in order to verify the interaction effect between exercise group and time, two-way repeated ANOVA is applied and statistical significance level is set at .05. The result shows that there is significant difference in time between senior fitness and cognitive function. But there is no significant difference in group and time<TEX>${\times}$</TEX>group. And there is no significant difference in time, group and time<TEX>${\times}$</TEX>group for daily living activity. Continuous exercise group and intermediate exercise group both have the similar effects. That does not mean that intermediate exercise is the best for all people with dementia, but in terms of exercise time, intermittent exercise may be effective for patients of light dementia.

The Blackboard or Virtual Reality

Instructional technology used effectively can enhance significantly what we do in the classroom. Used thoughtlessly, it can confuse and annoy the student. This article presents a series of specific examples and caveats while exploring the creation and use of electronic resources in a variety of classes. The electronic resources covered in this article include Web pages, virtual reality (specifically, a MOO), and interactive exercises. While examples are drawn primarily from the author's experience teaching Classics, the lessons learned apply to all fields. The article concludes with a case study of how to develop materials for a class on the story of Baucis and Philemon from Ovid's Metamorphoses.

The emperor's new clothes: An exercise in virtual reality

The emperor's new clothes: An exercise in virtual reality

Government by Special Consent

American political theorists have long assumed that the various governmental units composing the United States act only in accordance with the powers bestowed upon them by constitutions and conforming laws of their respective jurisdictions. But in recent years they have received an electric shock through the development of “government by special consent.” Basically, the new principle means that a supervisory authority can in reality exercise rights over persons and property not brought under its wing by the constitution under which it operates—provided certain public agencies or private parties agree to the extension. This practice, which has not yet received philosophical treatment, has enabled the several governments of the Union to conquer new worlds without resorting to the long, difficult, and unwieldy process of constitutional amendment. The novel method of transfer by agreement is both rapid and flexible. But why, one is led to inquire, do independent bodies surrender portions of their “sovereignty” to other groups? Certainly not through mere altruism. They do it “for value received,” be it financial aid, convenience, advertising advantages, or other rewards. In all ages, from biblical days to the latest moment, birthrights have been sold for “pottage.”Financial pottage needs no introduction to most American observers. They are well aware that various states in the Union, for example, have agreed to accept national control over their internal roads, educational affairs, forestry, agriculture, and other matters in exchange for monetary assistance from the federal government. Such transfers of authority for cash are of mutual benefit.