Exercise In Prevention Research Articles

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAMMES IN WELSH NETBALL: SURVEY OF KNOWLEDGE, IMPLEMENTATION, AND BARRIERS AMONG PLAYERS AND COACHES

AbstractIntroductionPerception of ACL injury prevention programs amongst professional netball players and coaches has not been studied. We investigated (1) level of awareness and experience of ACL injury prevention programs; (2) use of ACL injury prevention programs; and (3) barriers to implementing ACL injury prevention program in netball.MethodologyFemale netball players representing Welsh senior and under-21 teams and elite and amateur coaches were invited electronically to this web-based study between 1st May–31st July 2021. Information on ACL injury susceptibility and seriousness, knowledge, experience, and implementation of ACL injury prevention programs were ascertained.ResultsTwenty-eight players (77.8%) and 29 coaches (13.2%) completed the questionnaire. Seventeen (60.7%) players and 15 (51.7%) coaches reported female athletes were at greater risk for sustaining ACL injuries. Over 90% of respondents identified netball as high-risk, whilst 89% of players and 76% of coaches reported these injuries to be preventable. Two (7.1%) players and 6 (20.7%) coaches utilised ACL injury prevention programs with lack of time and engagement from coaches and players identified. Majority of respondents indicated that their club has neither promoted, advocated nor demonstrated exercises for ACL injury prevention. Over 90% of respondents would utilise such programs if it minimised players risk with appropriate training and information.ConclusionStudy highlights limited knowledge of female athletes’ increased susceptibility of ACL injuries with lack of communication and education of ACL injury prevention programs between sporting associations, coaches and players. Results demonstrate willingness of players and coaches to implement ACL injury prevention programs in Welsh netball.

Players’, Head Coaches', And Medical Personnels' Knowledge, Understandings and Perceptions of Injuries and Injury Prevention in Elite-Level Women’s Football in Ireland

BackgroundTo manage injuries effectively, players, head coaches, and medical personnel need to have excellent knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours in relation to the identification of risk factors for injuries, the implementation of injury prevention initiatives, as well as the implementation of effective injury management strategies. Understanding the injury context, whereby specific personal, environmental, and societal factors can influence the implementation of injury prevention initiatives and injury management strategies is critical to player welfare. To date, no qualitative research investigating the context of injuries, has been undertaken in elite-level women’s football. The aim of our study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of players, head coaches, and medical personnel in the Irish Women’s National League (WNL) to injury prevention and injury management.MethodsWe used qualitative research methods to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of players, head coaches, and medical personnel in the Irish WNL to injury prevention and injury management. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 17 players, 8 medical personnel, and 7 head coaches in the Irish WNL. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Our study is located within an interpretivist, constructivist research paradigm.ResultsThe participants had incomplete knowledge of common injuries in elite-level football, and many held beliefs about risk factors for injuries, such as menstrual cycle stage, which lacked evidence to support them. Jumping and landing exercises were commonly used to reduce the risk of injuries but evidence-based injury prevention exercises and programmes such as the Nordic hamstring curl, Copenhagen adduction exercise, and the FIFA 11+ were rarely mentioned. Overall, there was dissatisfaction amongst players with their medical care and strength and conditioning (S & C) support, with resultant inadequate communication between players, head coaches, and medical personnel.ConclusionPoor quality and availability of medical care and S & C support were considered to be a major obstacle in the effective implementation of injury risk reduction strategies and successful return-to-sport practices. More original research is required in elite-level women’s football to explore injury risk factors, injury prevention initiatives, and contextual return-to-sport strategies, so that players, head coaches, and medical personnel can use evidence that is both up-to-date and specific to their environment.

‘Maintaining balance in life’—exploring older adults’ long-term engagement in self-managed digital fall prevention exercise

BackgroundAccidental falls are one of the greatest threats to older adults’ health and well-being. The risk of falling can be significantly reduced with strength and balance interventions. However, there needs to be further knowledge into how older adults can be supported to achieve a maintained exercise behaviour. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore factors that enabled older adults to maintain their exercise during a 1-year self-managed digital fall prevention exercise intervention.MethodsThis study used a grounded theory methodology. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted by phone or conference call. Eighteen community-dwelling older adults aged 70 years or more participated. The participants had a self-reported exercise dose of 60 min or more per week during the last three months of participation in a 12-months intervention of self-managed digital fall prevention exercise, the Safe Step randomized controlled trial. Open, axial, and selective coding, along with constant comparative analysis, was used to analyze the data.ResultsThe analysis resulted in a theoretical model. We found that the fall prevention exercise habits of adults were developed through three stages: Acting against threats to one’s own identity, Coordinating strategies to establish a routine, and Forming habits through cues and evaluation. The main category of Maintaining balance in life encases the participants transition through the three stages and reflects balance in both physical aspects and in between activities in daily life. The process of maintaining balance in life and desire to do so were mediated both by intrinsic person-dependent factors and the Safe Step application acting as an external mediator.ConclusionThis study identified three stages of how older adults developed self-managed fall prevention exercise habits, supported by a digital application. The generated theoretical model can inform future interventions aiming to support long-term engagement in digitally supported and self-managed fall prevention interventions.

Kinesiologists in Clinical Exercise Interventional Research for Stroke and Coronary Artery Disease: A Scoping Review

ABSTRACT Background: Kinesiology contributions to research and implementation of programs for cardiovascular disease have not been documented. This scoping review assesses kinesiology affiliates participation in exercise interventional research. Methods: The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist. Eligible studies included individuals diagnosed with coronary artery (CAD) or heart disease (CHD) or stroke participating in exercise interventions supervised or designed by a kinesiologist affiliate (exercise physiologist, kinesiologist, exercise trainer, exercise therapist). Results: The search in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL yielded 219 studies, including 13,874 participants (5,242 CAD, 4,526 CHD, and 4,106 post-stroke). Randomized controlled trials were the most common study design (52%). Kinesiologists were involved in 70% of the studies and supervised 23%. Forty percent did not specify the supervisor. Kinesiologists are involved in prevention and rehabilitation exercise studies that look to improve feasibility of practice, aerobic fitness, muscle and body composition, functional capacity, gait, neurological, psychosocial, and cardiovascular outcomes. Conclusions: Documentation of kinesiology contributions to research for patients with cardiovascular disease may enhance their acceptance in research and care for people with impaired cardiovascular health.

Adherence to Injury Prevention Exercise Programmes in Amateur Adolescent and Adult Football: A Detailed Description of Programme Use from a Randomised Study

BackgroundInjury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) efficaciously reduce injuries. However, it is challenging to achieve sufficient adherence across a season. The main aim was to describe adherence to IPEPs in three groups of coaches and players partaking in a cluster randomised trial. Secondary aims were to describe perceptions of IPEPs, use of programme material, and overall preventive strategies.MethodsThis is a sub-study analysing data from a three-armed randomised trial with teams randomised to use either a comprehensive IPEP (extended Knee Control) or an adductor strength programme, and non-randomised teams that already used a self-chosen IPEP regularly at study start (comparison group). Teams were instructed to use their respective intervention across the 2020 football season. Male and female, adolescent (≥ 14 years of age), and adult amateur players took part. Coaches and players responded to weekly and end-of-season questionnaires. Data were presented descriptively.ResultsWeekly player data were reported by 502 players (weekly response rate 65%), 289 (58%) responded to end-of-season questionnaires. Teams in the extended Knee Control and comparison group used their respective IPEP in 483/529 (91%) and 585/641 (91%) of training sessions, and teams in the adductor group in in 199/315 (63%) sessions. Regarding utilisation fidelity, 42–52% of players in each group used 1–10 repetitions per exercise. Seven out of 17 teams in the adductor group had progressed as recommended in terms of number of repetitions. Two teams (10%) in the extended Knee Control group, and 7/24 of comparison teams used the same exercises across the season. Coaches accessed the IPEPs by different means (printed material, films, workshops, etc.), but half did not use the provided digital material. The players appreciated that the IPEPs could reduce injury risk and that they improved their exercise performance, but disliked that they had less time for football and that the exercises were boring. Forty-nine players had experienced pain during IPEP performance.ConclusionsAdherence with the IPEPs was generally high. To meet different coach needs, programme material should be available via different digital and printed resources. The number of players reporting pain during IPEP performance is a noteworthy finding.Trial registrationClinical Trials gov identifier: NCT04272047. Registered February 17, 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04272047.

Exercise for prevention of falls and fall-related injuries in neurodegenerative diseases and aging-related risk conditions: a meta-analysis.

Neurodegenerative diseases often cause motor and cognitive deterioration that leads to postural instability and motor impairment, while aging-associated frailty frequently results in reduced muscle mass, balance, and mobility. These conditions increase the risk of falls and injuries in these populations. This study aimed to determine the effects of exercise on falls and consequent injuries among individuals with neurodegenerative diseases and frail aging people. Electronic database searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, SportDiscus, and Web of Science up to 1 January 2023. Randomized controlled trials that reported the effects of exercise on falls and fall-related injuries in neurodegenerative disease and frail aging people were eligible for inclusion. The intervention effects for falls, fractures, and injuries were evaluated by calculating the rate ratio (RaR) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Sixty-four studies with 13,241 participants met the inclusion criteria. Exercise is effective in reducing falls for frail aging people (RaR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.68-0.82) and participants with ND (0.53, 0.43-0.65) [dementia (0.64, 0.51-0.82), Parkinson's disease (0.49, 0.39-0.69), and stroke survivors (0.40, 0.27-0.57)]. Exercise also reduced fall-related injuries in ND patients (RR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.90) and decreased fractures (0.63, 0.41-0.95) and fall-related injuries (0.89, 0.84-0.95) among frail aging people. For fall prevention, balance and combined exercise protocols are both effective, and either short-, moderate-, or long-term intervention duration is beneficial. More importantly, exercise only induced a very low injury rate per participant year (0.007%; 95% CI, 0-0.016) and show relatively good compliance with exercise (74.8; 95% CI, 69.7%-79.9%). Exercise is effective in reducing neurodegenerative disease- and aging-associated falls and consequent injuries, suggesting that exercise is an effective and feasible strategy for the prevention of falls.

Interventions to reduce falls in community-dwelling adults with intellectual disability: a systematic review.

People with intellectual disability have a high risk of falls and falls-related injuries. Although people with intellectual disability are at increased risk of falls, there is a need to better understand the efficacy of interventions that can help reduce falls and address risk factors in this population. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the type, nature and effectiveness of interventions undertaken to reduce falls with community-dwelling adults with intellectual disability and the quality of this evidence. Four electronic databases were searched: Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus and the Cochrane Library. Studies were included if they involved people aged 18years or over, at least 50% of study participants had intellectual disability, participants were community-dwelling, and the study evaluated any interventions aiming to reduce falls. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health study quality assessment tools. Reporting of the review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Seven studies were eligible for review, with a total of 286 participants and mean age of 50.4years. As only one randomised trial was identified, a narrative synthesis of results was undertaken. Five studies evaluated exercise interventions, one evaluated a falls clinic programme, and one evaluated stretch fabric splinting garments. Methodological quality varied (two studies rated as good, four as fair, and one as poor). Exercise interventions varied in terms of exercise type and dosage, frequency and intensity, and most did not align with recommendations for successful falls prevention exercise interventions reported for older people. While the majority of studies reported reduced falls, they differed in methods of reporting falls, and most did not utilise statistical analyses to evaluate outcomes. This review identified a small number of falls prevention intervention studies for people with intellectual disability. Although several studies reported improvements in fall outcomes, ability to draw conclusions about intervention effectiveness is limited by small sample sizes and few studies. Further large-scale research is required to implement and evaluate falls prevention interventions specifically for adults with intellectual disability.

Exercise and diet in colorectal cancer prevention and therapy

Colorectal carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer diseases in Europe. Due to modern therapies survival rate is increasing. Nevertheless, cancer and its treatment is associated with significant morbidity. Physical activity appears as having a positive impact on cancer risk, as well as, reducing peri- and postoperative morbidity and mortality. We searched pubmed and googlescholar for English- and German-language studies from inception to September 2022. The search terms physical activity, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, diet, survivors. prehabilitation, postoperative morbidity, quality of life and outcome were used. Guidelines of national advisory commmittees and Cochrane reviews were included. There is considerable evidence that physical activity is associated with reduced risk of colon cancer, epigenetic mechanisms play a central role in connection. Different studies showed a risk reduction of 12 to 27 percent. A prehabilitation programme consisting of exercise, nutritional intervention, and psychosocial rehabilitation can reduce peri- and postoperative complications. Aerobic exercise and strength training can improve survival rates and overall mortality. However, a causal relationship between nutritional treatment and cancer related symptoms (e.g. fatigue) is missing. There is a wide range of scientific papers on the influence of physical activity and nutrition; nevertheless, its influence on the various stages of colorectal disease are not addressed adequately. Recommendations concerning prehabilitation and tertiary prevention can only be given on the basis of heterogeneous trial data.

The Relationship Between Kinematical Parameters of Trunk and Knee Injuries in Male Judo Players

Background and Aims The knee joint injury in judokas mostly occurs in the standing position. This study aims to investigate the relationship between kinematic variables of trunk and the occurrence of knee injuries in male judokas. Methods In this study, 15 male judokas aged 20-30 years (7 with a history of knee joint injury and 8 controls) were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, after installing markers on their body, they were asked to stand on a 30-cm box and, after a jump upwards, land on the ground on one foot (the support foot). Cameras were used to measure the angles of the knee and trunk joints during the jump landing task. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to examine the normality of data distribution. ANCOVA was used to compare the groups. The ssignificance level was set at 0.05. Results Healthy judokas had lower knee flexion angle and higher knee valgus angle. Moreover, they had lower trunk flexion angle, higher internal knee rotation, and higher relative rotation speed between femur and tibia compared to the injured group (P<0.05). Conclusion Male Judo players with a history of knee injury have lower knee flexion and greater knee valgus, lower trunk flexion, higher internal knee rotation, and higher relative rotation between femur and tibia compared to their healthy peers. Professionals and coaches need to design injury prevention exercises for this group of athletes.

Personalized remotely guided preventive exercise therapy for a healthy heart (PRIORITY): protocol for an assessor-blinded, multicenter randomized controlled trial.

A key treatment for patients with varying stages of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is exercise. Yet, despite a Class 1A recommendation, only one-third of patients exercise sufficiently. A huge treatment gap exists between guidelines and clinical practice. PRIORITY aims to establish the feasibility, clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a hybrid centre and home-based personalized exercise and physical activity intervention for patients along the HFpEF continuum. An assessor-blinded, multicenter randomized controlled trial will be conducted among 312 patients along the HFpEF continuum. Participants will be randomized (1:1) to the PRIORITY intervention or a comparator group receiving only a written exercise prescription. Participants in the PRIORITY group will receive 18 supervised centre-based exercise sessions during one year, supplemented with a remotely guided home-based physical activity program. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 4 months, one and two years. The primary outcome is the peak oxygen uptake (pVO2) at 1-year. Secondary outcomes include physical activity, other physical fitness parameters, cardiovascular health, echocardiographic parameters, health-related quality of life and costs at 1-year FU. Machine learning algorithms will analyse big data on physical activity collected during the 1-year intervention to develop models that can predict physical activity uptake and adherence as well as changes in fitness and health. A cost-utility analysis will be performed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the PRIORITY intervention compared to the control condition. We anticipate that participants in the supervised home-based exercise intervention group will have a greater increase in pVO2 compared to those receiving a written exercise prescription. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04745013) and is currently in the recruitment stage.

The effect of virtual reality technology on anti-fall ability and bone mineral density of the elderly with osteoporosis in an elderly care institution

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of virtual reality (VR) training on anti-fall ability and bone mineral density (BMD) among elderly patients admitted to a healthcare institution.MethodsPeople (aged 50) with osteoporosis in an elderly care institution in Anhui Province June 2020 to October 2021 were selected and randomly divided into VR group (n = 25) and control group (n = 25). In VR group, the virtual reality rehabilitation training system was used for training, while control group was treated with traditional fall prevention exercise intervention. The changes of Berg Balance Scale (BBS), timed up and go test (TUGT), functional gait assessment (FGA), bone mineral density (BMD) and falls during 12 months of training were compared between the two groups.ResultsBBS and FGA were positively correlated with BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck, and TUGT was negatively correlated with BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck. After 12 months of training, the BBS score, TUGT evaluation and FGA evaluation of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those prior to training (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD between the two groups 6 months after the intervention. The femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD of the VR group improved, and it was significantly higher than that of the control group 12 months after the intervention. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in terms of the incidence of adverse events between the two groups.ConclusionVR training can improve anti-fall ability and increase femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD and can effectively prevent and reduce the risk of injury among elderly people with osteoporosis.

The effect of physical exercises to improve muscle strength to reduce recurrent injuries of the ankle joint in men's high jump

Sports injuries represent a significant threat to athletes' futures. This study aimed to develop preventive physical exercises focused on enhancing muscular strength within the ankle joint among the research participants. Additionally, it sought to evaluate the effectiveness of these exercises on the muscular strength of the muscles involved in the ankle joint. The study used the experimental method by using the pre and post-experimental design for one experimental group for the research sample. The researcher deliberately selected male high jumpers in the advanced category as the research community, with a sample size of 10 players. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. The results of our study showed significant differences between the pre-test and post-test measurements, highlighting particular interest in the post-tests. The study findings underscore the effectiveness of preventive exercises in averting ankle joint injuries, as evidenced by their positive impact on muscular strength within the ankle joint. Additionally, the results reveal a notable improvement in muscular strength following the implementation of these exercises.

Efficacy of Tracheal Traction Exercise for Prevention of Laryngopharyngeal Complications Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Tracheal traction exercise (TTE) has been proposed as a preventative measure for laryngopharyngeal complications following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. However, the exact effects of TTE remain controversial. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of TTE. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WANFANG DATA, VIP citation databases, and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database for randomized controlled trials (published between January 1, 2000, and January 23, 2023, without language restrictions) comparing the TTE group to the control group (non-TTE group). We assessed the risk of bias using Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Our primary end points were operation duration, the number of patients with postoperative dysphagia, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for laryngopharyngeal pain. We used a fixed-effects model to assess the pooled data. Of the 823 identified studies, 5 were eligible and included in our analysis (N= 542 participants). Compared with the control group, TTE reduced the incidence of postoperative dysphagia (relative risk= 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28, 0.61, P<0.05) and operation duration (weighted mean difference=-10.24, 95% CI:-14.48,-6.00, P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in postoperative VAS between the 2 groups (weighted mean difference=-0.11, 95% CI:-0.23, 0.11, P=0.08 > 0.05). TTE can effectively reduce operation duration and postoperative dysphagia. However, it does not result in a significant difference in postoperative VAS.

Perceived Barriers and Benefits of Exercise Among Women Survivors of Sexual Violence by Physical Activity Level and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Status.

An online, cross-sectional survey of women survivors of sexual violence (SV; N = 355) gathered information on perceived barriers and benefits of exercise, along with exercise level and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. This study reports exercise perceptions and provides comparisons by exercise level and PTSD status. Differences by exercise level were found in life enhancement, physical performance, psychological outlook, and social interaction (ps < 0.05; rs = -0.04-0.25). Differences were found by PTSD status in physical performance, social interaction, and preventative health and exercise milieu, time expenditure, and family discouragement (ps < 0.05; rs = -0.39-0.21). Findings provide new information relevant for promoting exercise among women survivors of SV.

Development of an Ankle Assistive Robot with Instantly Gait-Adaptive Method

As the population ages, the number of elderly people suffering from systemic diseases such as stroke increases. To address this problem, various wearable walking assistive robots have been developed to promote physical exercise for stroke prevention. Wearable assistive robots have shown the ability to improve human mobility. However, most of these robots are heavy, bulky, and impractical. In this study, we developed a compact ankle assistive robot for elderly users to promote walking exercise. By informing the user of correct motion and timing, the robot can guide the user to achieve a healthy gait by only assisting their ankle joint. The robot provides faster-than-ankle motion to allow the user to feel supported while walking. Users can adjust the robot’s assistance parameters through a graphical user interface (GUI) according to their needs. Furthermore, we proposed a gait-adaptive method for ankle assistive robots to adapt to the user’s changing gait. Hence, the robot can automatically adjust the parameters to provide more accurate walking assistance. Finally, the results of an evaluation experiment demonstrated the feasibility of human gait adaptation. The proposed methods have the advantages of low cost and easy implementation.

Adaptation of motor control to musculoskeletal pain: Theories for the sensorimotor interactions involved

BACKGROUND: There are reports in the literature showing that the pain alters motor control, whether in static or dynamic conditions. VIEW OF THE PAST: Over the past decades theories have been proposed on how and in what conditions the pain affects motor control. To date, changes in movement control have been identified at both peripheral and central levels, which potentially leads to the emergence of compensatory lesions in the medium and long term. CURRENT STATE: The current state of the art on the understanding of how pain alters movement control has enabled the emergence of preventive exercise protocols and treatment of movement disorders generated by the presence of pain. FUTURE PERSPECTIVE: The application of new data acquisition and analysis technologies will allow the development of effective exercise protocols for pain management.

Muscle-derived exosomes and exercise in cancer prevention.

There are a lot of evidences on the beneficial effects mediated by exercise on the prevention of not communicable diseases (NCDs) including different type of cancer. The production of circulating exerkines transported in exosomes represents a novel pathway activated by exercise. However, the biological mechanisms that could explain the role of exosomes in cancer prevention have been not fully elucidated. The aim of this mini-review is to provide an update on the biological mechanisms bringing the release of muscle-derived exosomes during exercise and cancer prevention.

Investigation of the protective effect of long-term exercise on molecular pathways and behaviours in scopolamine induced alzheimer's disease-like condition

Despite research, the role of exercise in treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear. Our study, investigated that protective effect of treadmill exercise on molecular pathways and cognitive behaviours in a scopolamine-induced model of Alzheimer's disease.For that purpose, male Balb/c mice subjected to exercise for 12 weeks. During the last 4 weeks of exercise, mice were given an injection of scopolamine (2 mg/kg). Following injection, open field test and Morris water maze test were used to assess emotional-cognitive behaviour. Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice were isolated, and levels of BDNF, TrkB, and p-GSK3ßSer389 were assessed by western blotting, and levels of APP and Aß-40 were analysed by immunohistochemistry.In our study, scopolamine administration increased anxiety-like behaviour in open field test, while negatively affecting spatial learning and memory in Morris water maze test. We found that exercise had a protective effect against cognitive and emotional decline. Scopolamine decreased levels of p-GSK3ßSer389, BDNF in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.Whereas TrkB decreased in hippocampus and increased in prefrontal cortex. There was an increase in p-GSK3ßSer389, BDNF, TrkB in the hippocampus, and p-GSK3ßSer389, BDNF in the prefrontal cortex in the exercise + scopolamine group. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that scopolamine administration increased APP and Aß-40 in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in neuronal and perineuronal areas whereas Aß-40 and APP were reduced in exercise + scopolamine groups.In conclusion, long-term exercise may have a protective effect against scopolamine-induced impairments in cognitive-emotional behaviour. It can be suggested that this protective effect is mediated by increased BDNF levels and GSK3ßSer389 phosphorylation.

The effect of an exercise-based rehabilitation programme in functional recovery and prevention of secondary falls after a hip fracture in older adults: A systematic review.

We performed a systematic review to evaluate whether an exercise-based intervention programme, for older people with a hip fracture, is effective in functional recovery and in preventing secondary fall-related injuries. This systematic review was conducted according to Cochrane review guidelines and based on the PRISMA statement. Six electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CIHNAL, Embase, Google Scholar) from 2010 to 31 December 2021 were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of functional recovery or fall prevention exercises after a hip fracture surgery in older people (≥65 years). Thirty-four references were identified initially, however, only 8 studies (1617 patients) met the eligibility criteria. Despite the heterogeneity of the onset, duration and of the characteristics of exercise-based intervention, as well as the type of setting it was delivered in, there was evidence that an exercise-based rehabilitation programme improved physical function and gait ability. There was no evidence about preventing a secondary fall after a hip fracture. In conclusion, an exercise-based intervention programme can generally improve functional recovery after a hip fracture. It remains uncertain if it affects the prevention of a secondary fall over a 1-year follow-up period.

Implementation of the injury prevention exercise programme Knee Control+: a cross-sectional study after dissemination efforts within a football district

BackgroundThe Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework can be used for evaluation of implementation initiatives in sports injury prevention. The aim was to evaluate the implementation of the...