Exercise In Pregnancy Research Articles

Why We should Recommend Exercise in Pregnancy?

Objective: This narrative review is presenting the impact of exercise on pregnant women and fetus and provides current recommendations for exercise in pregnancy. Mechanism: Exercise during pregnancy has a numerous effects on both pregnant woman and her fetus. When recommending exercise during pregnancy, it is necessary to keep in mind the physiological responses of the body’s systems during exercise, changes occuring in pregnancy and the influence of this changes on pregnant woman’s body as well as on the fetus and fetal responses to exercise during pregnancy. The type, intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise should be adjusted to the level of physical activity of pregnant women and period of pregnancy in order to achieve clinically significant health benefits. Findings in Brief: Exercise in pregnancy is beneficial for both the mother and her fetus and contributes to the prevention of pregnancy-related disorders. It is recommend to exercise 30 minutes daily five days a week with a tendency to increase the exercise each day in order to accumulate 150 to 300 minutes of exercise per week with moderate intensity. Conclusions: Regular exercise leads to specific adaptation processes of the body systems improving the physical and mental health of pregnant women with positive effect on her fetus.

Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Senam Ibu Hamil Di Kelas Ibu Hamil

Exercise for pregnant women in the class for pregnant women is one of the health programs that is expected to play a role in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of exercise for pregnant women in the class of pregnant women in Sambangan Village, the working area of ​​the Sukasada I Health Center. This research methode used a qualitative type of research conducted with in-depth interviews, observation and document review. The informants in this study were 10 people including the Head of the Puskesmas, the KIA Program Holder, the person in charge of the pregnancy exercise program, the facilitator and six pregnant women. The results of the study indicate that the input aspects of HR planning, infrastructure facilities, targets, and their allocation have been well structured and carried out according to the guidelines. In the aspect of the process of implementing pregnancy exercise, it has been carried out according to a predetermined schedule. In the output aspect, it is known that the average attendance of pregnant women in each activity is 80%, a monitoring and evaluation process has been carried out with the results and has not involved the health office in the monitoring process, the monitoring results are reported in the form of a quarterly activity report. In the short-term outcome aspect, this pregnancy exercise provides benefits for increasing physical and mental health for pregnant women. In the aspect of medium-term outcome, the percentage of normal deliveries and the presentation of disorders or complications experienced by pregnant women and childbirth were found to be below the national data. In the aspect of long-term outcomes in the last 5 years, there were no cases of maternal death in Sambangn Village, Sukasada I Health Center Working Area.

The Relationship Of Participation In Pregnancy Exercise With The Duration Of The Second Stage Of Labor In Primigravida

The duration of labor has a risk of causing perinatal death twice as high as normal delivery. The duration of this second stage in primiparas and multiparas is different, namely in primiparas it lasts 1.5-2 hours while in multiparas it lasts 0.5-1 hours. Efforts that can be made by pregnant women so that delivery runs smoothly can be controlled by doing pregnancy exercises. This study aims to determine the relationship between participation in pregnancy exercise and the duration of the second stage of labor in primigravida at the Pratama Bunda Tessa Lubuk Pakam Clinic in 2022. This type of research is a quantitative study with a descriptive correlation design through a cross sectional approach. The population of this study were all primigravida mothers who had delivered at the Mother Tessa Primary Clinic as many as 30 people. The sampling technique used a total sampling of 30 people. The research instrument used a questionnaire sheet which was analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed that 50% of primigravida mothers who followed pregnancy exercise routinely and 50% who did not participate in pregnancy exercise. The duration of the second stage of labor in primigravida was normal (46.7%), fast (33.3%) and slow (20%). Through the chi-square test obtained p-value = 0.006. The conclusion of this study is the relationship between pregnancy exercise participation and the duration of the second stage of labor in primigravida. So it is hoped that the Mother Tessa Primary Clinic will provide Health Education to pregnant women about the causes of the length of labor, especially in the second stage. And it is also hoped that the clinic can maintain and implement policies for implementing pregnancy exercise for pregnant women, especially primigravida mothers, in an effort to maintain fitness and prepare physically and mentally in the delivery process.

The Effect of Pregnancy Exercise on Reducing Back Pain in Third Trimester Pregnancy

Background: Back pain is one of the most common discomforts felt by pregnant women in the third trimester. Most pregnant women at the Losarang Health Center experience back pain during their pregnancy. Pregnancy exercise is a form of exercise to strengthen and maintain the elasticity of the muscles of the abdominal wall, ligaments, and pelvic floor muscles associated with the delivery process. Purpose: To determine the effect of pregnancy exercise on reducing back pain in the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: Quantitative with a quasi-experimental design and a pretest-posttest design approach. The population of third trimester pregnant women, at the Puskesmas Losarang, Indramayu in June-July 2021, amounting to 25 people. The sampling technique is total sampling. Pregnancy exercise intervention was carried out for 4 times. Data analysis in this research is univariate and bivariate. Bivariate analysis using t-test (t-test). The instrument used is the Observation Sheet and Pain Scale. Results: It is known that there was a decrease in the intensity of back pain for pregnant women before being given pregnancy exercise as many as 20 mothers (80%) experienced pain with severe intensity and after being given exercise for pregnant women it became 2 mothers (8%) and the intensity of mothers experiencing moderate pain was from 5 mothers (20%) to 22 mothers (88%).Conclusion: There is an effect of pregnancy exercise on reducing back pain in the third trimester of pregnancy. With this research, it is hoped that it can become a routine activity for the Public health center.

ASUHAN KEBIDANAN KEHAMILAN DI PRAKTIK MANDIRI BIDAN (PMB) SYAFRIANI KECAMATAN NIBONG KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA

Based on the results of the 2015 Inter-Census Population Survey (SUPAS), the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia is still high at 305/100,000 live births. Destination; provide obstetric care for Mrs. R in the Independent Practice of Midwife Syafriani, Nibong District, North Aceh Regency according to midwifery service standards using Varney's midwifery management and documented by the SOAP method. This type of report is in the form of a case study, carried out at PMB Syafriani, Nibong District, North Aceh Regency from December 21, 2021 to January 10, 2022, the subject is Mrs. R 35 years old with GIII, PII, A0, HPHT: 06-07-2021, TTP: 13-04-2022. Pregnancy care that has been carried out on Mrs. R for 3 visits, namely the first visit on 21 December 2021, the second visit on 28 December 2021 and the third visit on 10 January 2022, the care provided is in accordance with the 14 T standard, namely: Weigh and measure height body weight, blood pressure, uterine fundal height, tetanus toxoid, fe tablets, PMS test, interview, hemoglobin examination, breast care, pregnancy exercise, urine protein examination for indications, urine glucose examination for indications, administration of iodine capsule therapy, administration of anti-inflammatory drugs malaria in endemic areas. However, there are treatments that are not carried out, namely: TT immunization, PMS examination, urine protein examination, urine glucose examination and iodine capsule therapy, this is also not done because the mother is not identified with certain diseases. It is hoped that patients will always have an awareness that the importance of health during pregnancy is to prevent maternal and infant mortality.

PENGARUH SENAM HAMIL TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER II DAN III DI KECAMATAN PANEI TAHUN 2021

Low back pain during pregnancy occurs due to changes in pregnancy hormones which increase relaxant hormones that affect the flexibility of the ligament tissue which ultimately increases joint mobility in the pelvis and will have an impact on spinal and pelvic instability and cause back pain. One way to reduce low back pain is to do pregnancy exercises. Pregnancy exercise can relieve lower back pain that is felt by pregnant women because in pregnancy exercise there are movements that can strengthen the abdominal muscles, make the elasticity of the muscles and ligaments in the back and relax, so that pregnant exercise can reduce lower back pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pregnancy exercise on reducing low back pain in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters in Panei District 2021. This study used a quasi-experimental research design with a pre-post-test design with one group test. The population in this study were all pregnant women in the second and third trimesters in Panei Tongah Health Center many as 30 people. The sample in this study amounted to 28 people. Analysis of the data used is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using the Paired-Samples T Test. The average lower back pain before treatment was 3.32 and the Std. Deviation was 0.772. The average low back pain after treatment was 2.25 and the Std. Deviation was 1.005. There is an effect of pregnancy exercise on reducing low back pain in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters in Panei Tongah Health Center in 2021 with a value of p = 0.000 p <0.05. It is recommended for further researchers to develop other variables in order to get better results Panei Tongah Health Center.

Effect of Exercise on the Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Utilization in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Pilot Study.

Regular physical activity during pregnancy has a positive effect on the mother and fetus. However, there is scarce data regarding the effect of exercise in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of the present parallel, non-randomized, open-label, pilot, clinical study was to examine the effect of two exercise programs on the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and substrate utilization in pregnancies complicated by GDM, compared with usual care (advice for the performance of exercise). Forty-three pregnant women diagnosed with GDM between the 24th and 28th gestational week, volunteered to participate. Three groups were formed: Usual care (n = 17), Walking (n = 14), and Mixed Exercise (n = 12). The Usual care group was given advice on maintaining habitual daily activities without any additional exercise. The Walking group exercised regularly by walking, in addition to the habitual daily activities. Finally, the Mixed Exercise group participated in a program combining aerobics and strength exercises. Training intensity was monitored continuously using lightweight, wearable monitoring devices. The Walking and Mixed Exercise groups participated in the training programs after being diagnosed with GDM and maintained them until the last week of gestation. RMR and substrate utilization were analyzed using indirect calorimetry for all participants twice: between 27th and 28th gestational week and as close as possible before delivery. No differences were observed between groups regarding body composition, age, and medical or obstetrical parameters before or after the exercise programs. RMR was increased after the completion of the exercise interventions in both the Walking (p = 0.001) and the Mixed Exercise arms (p = 0.002). In contrast, substrate utilization remained indifferent. In conclusion, regular exercise of moderate intensity (either walking, or a combination of aerobic and strength training) increases RMR in women with GDM compared to the lack of systematic exercise. However, based on the present, pilot data, these exercise regimes do not appear to alter resting substrate utilization.

Pengaruh Pemberian Buku Saku terhadap Motivasi dan Kepatuhan Ibu Melakukan Senam Hamil

Introduction: Pregnancy exercise aims to prepare physically and mentally to face and prepare for childbirth. Motivation is still needed to do pregnancy exercise. The choice of method when providing health education is very important to understand the content of the material. Objective: To determine the effect of giving a pocket book on the motivation and compliance of pregnant women doing pregnancy exercise. Methods: Quasi-experimental-group pre and post-test design with control group. The research sample was pregnant women by purposive sampling with each group of 30 respondents. Measurement of motivation and compliance variables before and after the intervention with a questionnaire through the results of observations and monitoring cards. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate using Chi square test. Results: In the intervention group, there was a significant difference in maternal motivation (p-value=0.001) and pregnant women's adherence to exercise during pregnancy (p-value=0.042). While in the control group there was no difference in maternal motivation (p-value = 0.214), but there was a significant difference in the compliance of pregnant women in doing pregnancy exercise (p-value=0.000). Conclusion: Provision of pocket books is effective in increasing the motivation and compliance of mothers in doing pregnancy exercise. Future research can design tools that are more practical and effective to monitor compliance and evaluate the effectiveness of pregnancy exercise on the delivery process.

HUBUNGAN SENAM HAMIL DENGAN LAMA PROSES PERSALINAN DI DESA TAMBAHARJO

Pregnancy exercise is a form of structured exercise or exercise. The labor process has factors that can affect the delivery, doing a pregnancy exercise routine is proven to be able to affect the length of the labor process, because the movement of the pregnancy exercise itself focuses on training the muscles and breathing in preparing for childbirth. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between pregnancy exercise and the length of the labor process in Tambaharjo Village, Pati District, Pati Regency. This type of research is an analytic survey with a retrospective method. The populations of this study were 30 postpartum mothers in Tambaharjo Village, Pati District, Pati Regency. The sampling technique is Total Sampling with 30 samples. The instruments used to collect data are questionnaires and Chi-Square data analysis. The results showed that respondents who did pregnancy exercise routine and had a standard delivery process were (67%), while those who did pregnancy exercise were not routine and had a standard delivery (7%). Statistical test shows the Chi-Square count value is 9.355>3.481 and the p-value is 0.002<0.05 so Ha is accepted. There is a relationship between Pregnancy Exercise and the Length of the Labor Process in Tambaharjo Village, Pati District, Pati Regency.

HUBUNGAN SENAM HAMIL DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DI DESA PECALUNGAN KECAMATAN PECALUNGAN KABUPATEN BATANG

Pregnancy enters the third trimester, there are physical and psychological changes. This condition causes pregnant women to experience complex complaints such as discomfort that affects sleep quality. One solution to overcome this discomfort is pregnancy exercise. Based on the preliminary study, data obtained from 10 pregnant women, 3 pregnant women with poor sleep quality, and 7 pregnant women with good sleep quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between pregnancy exercise and sleep quality of third trimester pregnant women in Pecalungan Village, Pecalungan District, Batang Regency. This type of research is an analytical survey. The research method used is cross-sectional. The population in this study were 36 pregnant women. The research sample was 36 pregnant women taken by total sampling. Collecting data in this study using a questionnaire by distributing questionnaires to respondents with a number of written questions used to obtain information from respondents, using the Chi Square correlation test. The results showed that there was a relationship between pregnancy exercise and the quality of sleep of pregnant women with p-value = 0.000 <0.05. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between pregnancy exercise and sleep quality of pregnant women in Pecalungan Village, Pecalungan District, Batang Regency

EFEKTIFITAS SENAM HAMIL TERHADAP TINGKAT NYERI PUNGGUNG IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DI DESA KAYEN

Pregnancy exercise is one of the prenatal services in the form of movement exercises, can increase comfort and can relieve back pain complaints in pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between pregnancy exercise and back pain levels in third trimester pregnant women in Kayen Village, Kayen District Pati Regency. This type of research is an analytic survey and uses a cross sectional method with a population of 50 pregnant women. The sampling technique in this study was a total sampling of 28 pregnant women. The results of this study indicate that of the 28 respondents who did exercise regularly and did not experience pain there were 12 people (42.9%), respondents who did routine exercise who experienced mild pain there were 7 people (25.0%) while the respondents who did gymnastics 9 people (32.1%) were not routinely and experienced moderate pain (p value 0.000 <0.05).

Effect of Prenatal Yoga on Heart Rate Variability and Cardio-Respiratory Synchronization: A Prospective Cohort Study.

The objective was to assess the effects of prenatal yoga on heart rate variability (HRV) and cardio-respiratory synchronization, used as proxies of autonomic nervous system activity. Sixty-nine healthy pregnant women were included; 33 in a yoga group attending at least one 90-min yoga class weekly throughout pregnancy, and 36 controls not involved in formal pregnancy exercise programs. Measurements of the time domain (SDNN, standard deviation of regular R-R intervals, and RMSSD, square root of mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals) and frequency domain (ln(LF/HF), natural logarithm of low-frequency to high-frequency power) HRV indices, as well as cardio-respiratory synchronization indexes were performed once per trimester before and after yoga or 30-min moderate-intensity walk. A statistical comparison was performed using a three-way analysis of the variance (p < 0.05 significant). Both the time domain and frequency domain HRV indices showed significant shifts towards parasympathetic dominance following yoga when compared to the controls throughout pregnancy (p = 0.002 for SDNN, p < 0.001 for RMSSD, and p = 0.006 for ln(LF/HF), respectively). There was a statistically non-significant trend towards higher synchronization between respiratory frequency and heart rate following yoga vs. controls (p = 0.057). Regular prenatal yoga was associated with enhanced parasympathetic activation persisting throughout pregnancy.

Efektivitas Senam Hamil terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Punggung pada Kehamilan Trimester III di RSUD Ciawi

Pain in the lower back is a common musculoskeletal problem during pregnancy with the prevalence of pregnant women in Indonesia being 4.8%, while for West Java it is 5.3%. One way to improve health during pregnancy is to do light exercise such as pregnancy exercise. Pregnancy exercise is able to release endorphins in the body, where the function of endorphins is as a sedative and can reduce back pain in pregnant women. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of pregnancy exercise on reducing back pain in third trimester pregnant women at Ciawi Hospital. This quasi-experimental study used a one group pretest and posttest design. The population totaling 20 respondents. The instrument used in this study was the Wong Baker FACES Rating Scale for pain measurement. Pregnancy exercise is done for 1 month to reduce back pain in pregnant women. From the results of the study, a significant value of paired sample t-test was obtained, a significant value of 0.002 &lt; 0.05, meaning that there was a change in back pain in third trimester pregnant women at Ciawi Hospital in 2021 before and after pregnancy exercise. There are significant results on changes in pain in back pain in third trimester pregnant women at Ciawi Hospital in 2021 before and after pregnancy exercise. It is hoped that health workers, especially midwives, can work together to increase education about back pain and the benefits of pregnancy exercise, so that pregnant women have awareness to do pregnancy exercise.

Characteristics of Knowledge of Pregnant Women About Pregnancy Exercises in the Working Area of Sungai Bilu Health Center Banjarmasin

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of pregnant women's knowledge about pregnancy exercise in the working area of Sungai Bilu Public Health Center. This study used a descriptive method with a population of all third trimester pregnant women who came to the Sungai Bilu Health Center from January to May. While the sampling technique in this study used the accidental sampling technique, namely all third trimester pregnant women who visited Sungai Bilu Health Center with a total of 30 respondents. The results of this study were that most of the respondents did not participate in pregnancy exercise activities, namely from 30 respondents who actively participated in pregnancy exercise activities as many as 10 people (30%) and who were not active as many as 20 people (70%) where respondents who had less knowledge were 11 people (36 ,7%), respondents who have sufficient knowledge are 14 people (46.7%) and respondents who have good knowledge are 5 people (16.6%). The conclusion of this study was that most of the respondents did not participate in pregnancy exercise because they did not know about the benefits and objectives of pregnancy exercise.

The Effect of Antepartum Yoga Sequences on Anxiety Levels, Vital Sign Values, and Fetal Heart Rate in Third-Trimester Primigravida

Anxiety in the third-trimester pregnancy can affect the physical and psychological aspects of the mother and fetus. Until now, there has been no study comparing yoga sequences that are effective in reducing anxiety levels in third-trimester primigravida. The yoga sequence will cause the heart rate to return to normal after finishing exercising, and the body will feel more comfortable. This study aims to determine the effect of antepartum yoga sequences on anxiety levels, vital sign values, and fetal heart rate in third-trimester primigravida. This study was quasi experiments with a pretest posttest control group design conducted in January-April 2022. The sampling technique used cluster sampling to determine the intervention group and control group. The intervention group was given antepartum yoga sequences for six sessions with a duration of 60 minutes, consisting of 18 respondents in A group model and 18 respondents in B group model. The control group consisting of 18 respondents, received pregnancy exercise for six sessions with a duration of 60 minutes. Data analysis using T-test. The results showed differences in the control group for anxiety (p-value = 0.042), pulse (p-value = 0.021) and respiratory frequency (0.032). In the intervention group model A, there were differences in anxiety, diastolic blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate with p-values ​​of 0.032, 0.005, 0.005, and 0.005, respectively. While in the intervention group model B, there were significant differences in anxiety, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and fetal heart rate, namely p-values ​​of 0.005, 0.002, 0004, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005. The results of this study can be used by midwifery service providers as one of the complementary treatments for reducing anxiety experienced by third-trimester primigravida mothers, namely by giving antepartum yoga, which is done for 60 minutes.

Literatur Review : Pengaruh Senam Hamil Terhadap Kualitas Tidur Ibu Hamil Trimester III

Pregnancy exercise is an important method to maintain or improve the physical balance of pregnant women and is an exercise therapy given to pregnant women in the third trimester to achieve a fast, easy and safe delivery. Aim: This literature review is to explain non-pharmacological therapy to determine the sleep quality of third-trimester pregnant women. Method: A literature review using the Literature search method on Google Scholar Results: with the keywords "The Effect of Pregnant Exercise on Sleep Quality for Pregnant Women in the Third Trimester" search for Semantic scholar articles with the keywords "Pregnant mother" AND "Pregnancy exercise" AND "Sleep quality" using according to the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Pregnancy exercise can improve sleep quality for pregnant women in the third trimester, thus causing pregnant women to have good sleep quality. Pregnancy Gymnastics is an alternative to reduce the complaints of pregnant women, which results in a decrease in the duration of sleep.

Prenatal Yoga Menurunkan Keluhan Nyeri Punggung Bawah pada Ibu Hamil

Globally, the prevalence of low back pain in pregnancy varies between 34-86%. Prenatal yoga increases flexibility, strength, and endurance of muscles such as the back, abdominal, and pelvic floor muscles. This study aims to determine the effect of prenatal yoga on reducing low back pain in pregnant women. This research method is quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test approach with a control group design. A total of 46 pregnant women (23 subjects in each group) who came consecutively and had passed the selection based on inclusion criteria (pregnant women aged 16-31 weeks, experiencing mild to moderate low back pain, willing to be research respondents) and exclusion (pregnant women) with complications, nausea vomiting pregnancy, spinal disorders, multiple pregnancies, taking pain medication, having medical restrictions on physical activity or exercise, and participating in other back pain therapies) were selected as study subjects. Research subjects in the intervention group received prenatal yoga once a week (60 minutes) for eight weeks with the same sequence, while the control group was given education and motivation for pregnancy exercise according to ANC standards using leaflets. Pain measurement using VAS performed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and paired t-test. The results of the study showed that there was a decrease in low back pain in the prenatal yoga group and the control group (p&lt;0.001). The average decrease in low back pain in the prenatal yoga group was higher (3.57mm) than in the control group (1.76mm). The study concludes that prenatal yoga is a complementary and alternative therapy that is safe and can prevent and reduce complaints of low back pain in pregnant women.

Aerobic or Resistance Exercise for Improved Glycaemic Control and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.

Exercise is often recommended in addition to diet and medication in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Our aim was to determine if strength training compared with aerobic exercise had an impact on glycaemic control, maternal and neonatal outcomes. The Cochrane library, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey were searched. Over 758 pregnant women (mother-baby pairs) from 14 studies are included in this systematic review. Interventions ranged from cycling, aerobic exercises, walking, yoga, or combined aerobic and resistance exercises. Of the studies identified, none directly compared aerobic exercise with strength training. Half of the studies showed benefit in glycaemic control with additional exercise compared with usual physical activity. There was largely no impact on obstetric or neonatal outcomes. Studies on exercise in GDM have reiterated the safety of exercise in pregnancy and shown mixed effects on maternal glycaemic control, with no apparent impact on pregnancy outcomes. The heterogenicity of reported studies make it difficult to make specific recommendations on the optimum exercise modality for the management of GDM. The use of a core outcome set for GDM may improve reporting of studies on the role of exercise in its management.

Sports Obstetrics: Implications of Pregnancy in Elite Sportswomen, a Narrative Review

Increasing numbers of females are participating in elite sports, with a record number having competed at the Tokyo Olympic Games. Importantly, the ages of peak performance and fertility are very likely to coincide; as such, it is inevitable that pregnancy will occur during training and competition. Whilst there is considerable evidence to promote regular exercise in pregnancy, with benefits including a reduction in hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, and reduced rates of post-natal depression, few studies have been conducted which include elite athletes. Indeed, there are concerns that high-intensity exercise may lead to increased rates of miscarriage and preterm labour, amongst other pregnancy-related complications. There is minimal guidance on the obstetric management of athletes, and consequently, healthcare professionals frequently adopt a very conservative approach to managing such people. This narrative review summarises the evidence on the antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum outcomes in elite athletes and provides recommendations for healthcare providers, demonstrating that generally, pregnant athletes can continue their training, with a few notable exceptions. It also summarises the physiological changes that occur in pregnancy and reviews the literature base regarding how these changes may impact performance, with benefits arising from pregnancy-associated cardiovascular adaptations at earlier gestations but later changes causing an increased risk of injury and fatigue.

Kelas Ibu Hamil untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Ibu dan Janin di Posyandu

Pregnant Women Class is a study group for pregnant women with a gestational age of between 4 weeks and 36 weeks (before delivery). Pregnancy is one of the stages of life that must be prepared by a woman, in the process of pregnancy physiological and psychological changes occur due to an increase in estrogen and progesterone. The risk factors for maternal death during childbirth began from under-monitored pregnancy. One of the efforts to reduce maternal mortality is through classes for pregnant women. This class for pregnant women is a means to learn together about health for pregnant women, in the form of face-to-face in groups that aims to increase the knowledge and skills of mothers regarding pregnancy, pregnancy care, childbirth, postpartum care, newborn care, myths, diseases. infection and birth certificates. The objectives of implementing this community service are: Increasing interaction and sharing experiences between participants (pregnant women and pregnant women) and between pregnant women and health workers/midwives, Increasing understanding, attitudes and behavior of pregnant women about classes for pregnant women, body changes and complaints, treatment pregnancy and preparation for delivery. To be able to improve the knowledge and skills of mothers regarding pregnancy, pregnancy care, childbirth, community service can be carried out in the form of maternal and child health counseling that can be carried out through pregnant women classes. From the results of the activity, it can be concluded that the activity went smoothly, the participants were enthusiastic in participating in the counseling and question and answer session and were active in doing pregnancy exercise, most of the participants said they felt relaxed and excited after participating in the pregnancy exercise and were also ready to wait for the delivery process.