Exercise In Men Research Articles

Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Metabolic and Hormonal Responses to Graded Exercise in Men

Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Metabolic and Hormonal Responses to Graded Exercise in Men

Hemodynamic and Respiratory Responses to Maximal Treadmill and Arm Ergometry Exercise in Men With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Hemodynamic and Respiratory Responses to Maximal Treadmill and Arm Ergometry Exercise in Men With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

What can you do with a man?: Feminism and the critical appraisal of masculinity

The impact of feminism has led to the critical appraisal of masculinity by men, and feminists can both welcome this development and also treat it with caution. The claims that masculinity and male sexuality are socially constructed rather than biologically given are similar to feminist theories of social construction, but examination of the differences between men and the social divisions which enable men to exercise power over each other raise very difficult questions about how we understand power and how gendered power is connected to other sources of power. This makes men's claims that patriarchal masculinity oppresses men problematic. Where studies of men and masculinity most need to be developed (both empirically and theoretically) is in identifying and explaining men's exercise of power and in understanding the political, as well as the personal, implications of transforming power relations.

Changes in Serum Lipid and Lipoprotein Measures after Maximal Exercise in Men

Normolipidaemic, healthy male volunteers (age range 20-23 years) were studied after a session of three maximal exercises and serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were measured. The exercise programmes, one of which was performed each week, consisted of a triangular progressive test (TPT), a rectangular sustained test (RST) and an interval endurance test (IET). There was a significant (P less than 0.05) increase of 14% in serum total cholesterol concentrations after TPT, 9.6% after RST and 14% after IET. Serum triglyceride concentrations increased by 17% after TPT, 5.7% after RST and 8.2% after IET, but increases were not significant. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein (A-I, A-II) concentrations rose significantly (P less than 0.05) after TPT. There were also insignificant increases in AI, AII and LDL-C after RST and IET, whereas HDL-C rose significantly (P less than 0.05) after IET. It is concluded that the three maximal exercises had similar metabolic effects which were independent of the exercise duration.

Stress reactions in connective tissues: A molecular hypothesis

The proper qualitative and quantitative stimuli necessary to maintain bone, cartilage, tendon, and ligament ability to bear load has yet to be completely elucidated. Substantially greater investigation of these requirements has been accomplished for muscle than for dense and ordinary connective tissues; inferential proposals from these muscle observations have been made regarding connective tissues. This hypothesis postulates there is a highly structured inter-relationship in terms of the homeostatic stimuli which are shared in common by these different tissues as suggested by the close anatomic and functional relationship they have evolved. The evolutionary influence of man's exercise patterns upon these stimuli, their mode of transduction into adaptive cellular response, and the vulnerability to over-use injury their loss creates is hypothesized.

Cardiovascular Responses to Rowing Ergometry Versus Treadmill Exercise in Men with Coronary Heart Disease

Cardiovascular Responses to Rowing Ergometry Versus Treadmill Exercise in Men with Coronary Heart Disease

The Intellect, the Will, and the Passions: Spinoza's Critique of Descartes

The Intellect, the Will, and the Passions: Spinoza's Critique of Descartes JOHN G. COTTINGHAM THIS PAPERexamines (in Section 1) Descartes' theory of judgment and (in Section 9) Spinoza's well-known criticisms of it. I argue (in section 3) that despite some important differences, there are many ways in which Spinoza's views, so far from being anti-Cartesian, can be seen as a natural development of those of Descartes. I then go on to argue (in Section 4) that Spinoza's general critique of the Cartesian theory of the will does not take sufficient account of what Descartes actually claimed, and that if the Cartesian concept of freedom is properly understood, Spinoza is closer to it than he himself recognized. Finally (in Section 5) I say a brief word about the relation between the will and the passions, and suggest that here again Spinoza tended to misinterpret Descartes' true position, and as a result exaggerated the difference between his own views and those of Descartes. I hope that it will emerge by the end of the paper that for all Spinoza's anti-Cartesian flourishes, his views on the will are much closer to those of Descartes than is often supposed. 1. DESCARTES' THEORY OF JUDGMENT Within the general category of conscious thought (cogitatio), one may, according to Descartes, distinguish two principal modes of operation: perception, or the operation of the intellect (comprising sensing, imagining and pure intellection ), and volition, or the operation of the will (comprising desire, aversion, assertion, denial and doubt (Principles, 1:3~). This distinction is important for many reasons. In the Passions de l'ame, for example, it is suggested that perception is a passive faculty of the mind, while volition is active, and this notion [~39] 24~ JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY a6:a APRIL i988 seems to have influenced many later thinkers. 1 But in Descartes, the most important application of the distinction concerns the diagnosis of error in our judgments. Descartes sees the problem of error as a theological problem, rather like the traditional problem of evil. Instead of having to explain away moral or metaphysical evil, Descartes feels himself called upon to explain away intellectual error; but the reasons why an explanation seems called for are closely parallel. Just as, if God is good and the omnipotent creator of all, it seems odd that there should be evil in the world, similarly, if God is good and the source of all truth, it seems odd that there should be error. More specifically, if God created me and gave me a mind which is, in principle, a reliable instrument for the perception of truth,, how does it happen that I often go astray in my judgments? A standard theological move in coping with the problem of evil was to put the blame on man's exercise of his free will; and Descartes makes the selfsame move in explaining away error. His first premise is that judgment is an act which involves the will as well as the intellect: "In order to make a judgement, the intellect is of course required [since otherwise nothing would be perceived --there would be no content to the judgment] ... but the will is also required so that, when something is perceived, our assent may then be given" (Principles 1:34). Descartes' second premise is the celebrated Cartesian thesis that the will extends further than the intellect: latius patet voluntas quam intellectus. "The perception of the intellect extends only to the few objects presented to it and is always extremely limited. The will on the other hand can in a certain sense be called infinite, since we observe that its scope extends to anything" (Principles 1:35 ). Given these two premises, the explanation for error is quite straightforward: "It is easy for us to extend our will beyond what we clearly perceive; and when we do this it is no wonder that we may happen to go wrong" (Ibid). To complete the theodicy, Descartes adds some further considerations (the most detailed presentation is in the Fourth Meditation). God cannot be blamed for giving us an infinitely extended will; in this he has allowed men to share...

Validity of perceptions during recovery from maximal exercise in men and women.

The Borg Scale, widely used to measure perceptions of exercise, has not been validated for use during recovery. Heart rate was used as the validity criterion. 11 untrained men and 10 untrained women were run to exhaustion on a treadmill. Heart rate and recovery ratings were obtained at :15, :45, 1:15, 1:45, 2:30, 3:30 and 4:30 min. following exercise. No significant differences were observed between sexes for both heart rate and recovery ratings. Trend analysis showed recovery ratings to be linear between :45 and at 4:30 while heart rate is best described by two linear trends with a break point at 2:30. Percent recovery was significantly faster for recovery ratings at :45, 1:15, 1:45 and 4:30. Heart rate and recovery ratings were not significantly correlated at any time point. A perceptual scale should be designed which more closely approximates metabolic response during recovery.

‘Poor Protestant Flies’: Conversions to Catholicism in Early Eighteenth Century England

Through the stormy and divided history of religion in seventeenth and early eighteenth-century England runs one constant and unvarying stream—hatred and fear of popery. That ‘gross and cruel superstition’ haunted the protestant imagination. The murderous paranoia of the popish plot was the last occasion on which catholic blood was spilled in the service of the national obsession, but the need to preserve ‘our Country from Papal Tyranny; our Laws, our Estates, our Liberties from Papal Invasion; our Lives from Papal Persecution; and our Souls from Papal Superstition . . .’ continued to exercise men of every shade of churchmanship, and of none. Throughout the early eighteenth century zealous churchmen sought to keep alive ‘the Spirit of Aversion to Popery whereby the Protestant Religion hath been chiefly supported among us’, and publications poured from the press reminding men of the barbarities of the papists, ancient and modern, the fires of Smithfield and the headman’s axe of Thorn. Catholicism was bloody, tyrannical, enslaving, and cant phrases rolled pat from tongue and pen—popery and arbitrary government, popery and wooden shoes. The tradition was universal, as integral a part of the nation’s self-awareness as beer and roast-beef, and equally above reason. There were, observed Daniel Defoe, ‘ten thousand stout fellows that would spend the last drop of their blood against Popery that do not know whether it be a man or a horse’.

GLUCOSE TURNOVER DURING EXERCISE IN MAN*

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 301, Issue 1 p. 45-55 GLUCOSE TURNOVER DURING EXERCISE IN MAN* John Wahren, John Wahren Department of Clinical Physiology Karolinska Institute Huddinge Hospital S-141 86 Huddinge, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author John Wahren, John Wahren Department of Clinical Physiology Karolinska Institute Huddinge Hospital S-141 86 Huddinge, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author First published: October 1977 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38184.xCitations: 47 * This work was supported by the Swedish Medical Research Council (19-X-3108) and the National Institute of Health (AM-13526). AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume301, Issue1The Marathon: Physiological, Medical, Epidemiological, and Psychological StudiesOctober 1977Pages 45-55 RelatedInformation

Body temperature and metabolism in hyperbaric helium atmospheres.

ArticleBody temperature and metabolism in hyperbaric helium atmospheres.L W Raymond, W H Bell 2nd, K R Bondi, and C R LindbergL W Raymond, W H Bell 2nd, K R Bondi, and C R LindbergPublished Online:01 May 1968https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1968.24.5.678MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByModel of thermal comfort in the hyperbaric facilityPolish Maritime Research, Vol. 18, No. 1Mixed‐gas Saturation Diving1 January 2011Effect of high pressure on metabolic response to cold in ratsActa Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 135, No. 3Convective Heat Loss from a Horizontal Cylinder in Different Hyperbaric Environments1 December 2016 | Engineering in Medicine, Vol. 5, No. 3Man in the Ocean Environment: Physiological FactorsDiffusion in the gas phase: The effects of ambient pressure and gas compositionRespiration Physiology, Vol. 25, No. 3TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS WITH ANTI-LYMPHOCYTE GLOBULINThe Lancet, Vol. 305, No. 7910TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN HELIUM-OXYGEN ATMOSPHERESThe Lancet, Vol. 305, No. 7910The effect of helium-oxygen mixtures on body temperatureJournal of Pediatric Surgery, Vol. 9, No. 5Thermal Balance in Divers5 December 2011 | Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biology, Vol. 73RESPIRATORY AND CARDIAC RESPONSES TO EXERCISE IN SUBJECTS BREATHING HELIUM–OXYGEN MIXTURES AT PRESSURES FROM SEA LEVEL TO 19.2 ATMOSPHERESARTERIAL BLOOD GASES, HEART RATE, AND GAS EXCHANGE DURING REST AND EXERCISE IN MEN SATURATED AT A SIMULATED SEAWATER DEPTH OF 1000 FEET More from this issue > Volume 24Issue 5May 1968Pages 678-84 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1968.24.5.678PubMed5647646History Published online 1 May 1968 Published in print 1 May 1968 Metrics

Alveolar carbon dioxide tension at increased ambient pressures.

ArticleAlveolar carbon dioxide tension at increased ambient pressures.A S JarrettA S JarrettPublished Online:01 Jan 1966https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1966.21.1.158MoreSectionsPDF (900 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByCentral chemosensitivity is augmented during 2 h of thermoneutral head-out water immersion in healthy men and women30 April 2018 | Experimental Physiology, Vol. 103, No. 5Peripheral chemosensitivity is not blunted during 2 h of thermoneutral head out water immersion in healthy men and women19 October 2017 | Physiological Reports, Vol. 5, No. 20The Effect of Breathing Mixtures on Physical Capacity of Rats in Hyperbaric ConditionsPolish Hyperbaric Research, Vol. 60, No. 3Human Physiology in an Aquatic Environment20 September 2015Hyperbaric Conditions1 November 2010Pulmonary gas exchange in divingR. E. Moon, A. D. Cherry, B. W. Stolp, and E. M. Camporesi1 February 2009 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 106, No. 2Predictors of increased PaCO2 during immersed prone exercise at 4.7 ATAA. D. Cherry, I. F. Forkner, H. J. Frederick, M. J. Natoli, E. A. Schinazi, J. P. Longphre, J. L. Conard, W. D. White, J. J. Freiberger, B. W. Stolp, N. W. Pollock, P. O. Doar, A. E. Boso, E. L. Alford, A. J. Walker, A. C. Ma, M. A. Rhodes, and R. E. Moon1 January 2009 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 106, No. 1Effects of gas density on experimentally obstructed ventilation during acute hypoxiaRespiration Physiology, Vol. 117, No. 2-3Facteurs déterminants de la rupture de l'apnée volontaire (évolution des modèles)Science & Sports, Vol. 7, No. 4The Inner ear and Hyperbaric Conditions8 July 2009 | Acta Oto-Laryngologica, Vol. 92, No. sup382Man in the Ocean Environment: Physiological FactorsRESPIRATORY AND CARDIAC RESPONSES TO EXERCISE IN SUBJECTS BREATHING HELIUM–OXYGEN MIXTURES AT PRESSURES FROM SEA LEVEL TO 19.2 ATMOSPHERESARTERIAL BLOOD GASES, HEART RATE, AND GAS EXCHANGE DURING REST AND EXERCISE IN MEN SATURATED AT A SIMULATED SEAWATER DEPTH OF 1000 FEETPULMONARY FUNCTION AND RESPIRATORY GAS EXCHANGE DURING SATURATION–EXCURSION DIVING TO PRESSURES EQUIVALENT TO 1000 FEET OF SEAWATERThe ability of normal subjects to tolerate added inspiratory loadsRespiration Physiology, Vol. 10, No. 2 More from this issue > Volume 21Issue 1January 1966Pages 158-62 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1966.21.1.158PubMed5903903History Published online 1 January 1966 Published in print 1 January 1966 Metrics

CARDIAC OUTPUT DURING EXERCISE AND ANAEROBIC METABOLISM IN MAN.

The concentration time course of lactate, pyruvate, and excess lactate during 4 min of exercise and 30 min of recovery was studied in 20 patients with heart disease and in 8 normal subjects. The level of excess lactate accrued from the exercise was found to correlate well with the level of delta oxygen consumption in normal subjects ( r = .922). The cardiac output of the subjects with heart disease was considered in relation to the regression of cardiac output on oxygen consumption for normal subjects previously established by Donald (Clin. Sci. 14: 37–73, 1955). The patients with subnormal cardiac outputs during exercise had higher excess lactate values and lactate/pyruvate ratios than normal subjects and patients with normal cardiac outputs at similar levels of work. Normal subjects carrying out more severe work showed even higher concentration of excess lactate than did the patients with heart disease at lower work levels. The increase in excess lactate was maximal during the 2nd min of submaximal exercise. The rate of increase was progressively diminished during succeeding minutes. Note: (With the Assistance of James Carr and Wayne Vaughan) lactate; pyruvate; excess lactate Submitted on December 10, 1963

BALANCE AND KINETICS OF ANAEROBIC ENERGY RELEASE DURING STRENUOUS EXERCISE IN MAN.

The speed of lactic acid formation in blood has been measured in man as a function of the intensity of exercise and was found to reach a maximum of about 36 mg lactic acid/liter blood per sec, corresponding to about 21.5 kcal (kg hr) or 0.034 hp/kg. The maximal energy release sustained by the alactacid mechanism is of the order of 45 kcal/(kg hr), or 0.07 hp/kg. The alactacid debt, as measured in man running on a treadmill, seems to be approximately proportional to the energy expenditure: it amounts at most to 0.1 kcal/kg or about 1.4 liters O2 for a man weighing 70 kg. The lactacid debt amounts at most to 0.22 kcal/kg or about 3 liters O2 for man, on the average. The alactacid oxygen debt contraction is a faster process and it requires 10–30 sec for completion, while the lactacid debt process is completed in about 40 sec in the most strenous exercise. Therefore, at the highest workloads, the only energy source available after 40 sec resides in oxidative processes. oxygen debt; lactic acid Submitted on July 5, 1963

EFFECT OF ATROPINE AND RESERPINE ON PULMONARY DIFFUSING CAPACITY DURING EXERCISE IN MAN.

Pulmonary diffusing capacity increases with exercise. The rapidity of this increase after the onset of exercise and factors which may alter it, i.e. atropine (2.0 mg i.v.) and reserpine (0.5 mg/day p.o. for 7 days), were investigated. Breath-holding Dl determinations were made before exercise began, at 0–10 sec of exercise, after 1, 2, and 3 min of exercise, and 3 min after the end of exercise. Dl was already strikingly increased at 0–10 sec of exercise, although further increases occurred during the 3-min exercise period. Following atropine administration in nine subjects the immediate rise in Dl at 0–10 sec of exercise was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), but the increases with further exercise were not significantly altered. After the reserpine administration in six subjects, the 0–10 sec exercise Dl values tended to be lower, but not to a significance level of <.05, and there was a tendency toward lower Dl values throughout the 3-min exercise period. This study suggests, then, that the immediate and the later increases in Dl with exercise are produced by two different mechanisms. pulmonary diffusion; pulmonary diffusion in exercise; mechanism for increased diffusion in exercise; pulmonary capillary bed Submitted on September 23, 1963