Exercise In Individuals Research Articles

How to Promote Walking in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Look at Catastrophizing, Goal Conflict, and Avoidance from a Self-Emotional Regulatory Perspective.

The aim of this study was twofold: to explore the concordance between two measures of physical activity (accelerometer and IPAQ) among female fibromyalgia (FM) patients, as well as to examine the impact of psychosocial variables (catastrophism, activity avoidance) on walking among these patients. Helplessness, activity avoidance, and commitment to physical activity were evaluated in 132 FM women. After the first assessment, an accelerometer was placed by a psychologist on each participant for seven consecutive days. Eight days later, accelerometers were collected, and participants were evaluated again using the IPAQ. Two models were tested to analyze mediation and a moderated mediation effect. The mediating role of activity avoidance between helplessness and minutes walked was corroborated regarding the objective measure of walking. The effect of helplessness on minutes walked during a week was mediated by activity avoidance and assessed by accelerometers. Cognitive variables played a contextual role when trying to promote exercise. Activity avoidance must be understood as a key variable in physical activity promotion, specifically in the promotion of walking with the aim to do exercise in individuals with FM.

Impact of Resistance and Endurance Training on Ghrelin and Plasma Leptin Levels in Overweight and Obese Subjects.

Exercise training is a valuable tool for improving body weight and composition in overweight or obese adults, which leads to a negative energy balance. It is relevant to consider whether exercise can help people lose weight or prevent weight gain because any energy expended in exercise increases the severity of hunger and promotes food consumption. Over the past decade, the identification of the circulating peptide ghrelin, which alerts the brain to the body's nutritional state, has significantly expanded our understanding of this homeostatic mechanism that controls appetite and body weight. To shed more light on this issue, we decided to investigate the effects of resistance and endurance training on plasma ghrelin and leptin levels. In addition, we sought to understand the mechanisms by which acute and chronic exercise can regulate hunger. This review analyzes studies published in the last fifteen years that focused on changes suffered by ghrelin, leptin, or both after physical exercise in overweight or obese individuals. Most studies have shown a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in ghrelin levels in these cases. Exercise regimens that support weight maintenance need further investigation.

Different Interactive Feedback of Virtual Partners on Sports Motivation

In the post-epidemic era, virtual partners have become good helpers in home fitness. Previous studies have shown that different interactive feedback from virtual partners will have different effects on individual sports incentives, among which sports incentives objectively include the improvement of sports ability. In this research, the virtual partner's exercise companion experiment was carried out, and the exercise oxygen uptake was taken as the dependent variable, and the factorial experiment was carried out in 3 x 2 (with or without positive encouragement feedback), in which the positive encouragement feedback included goal-oriented encouragement and non-goal-oriented encouragement. It is found that both moderate negative feedback and positive encouraging feedback of virtual partners can improve individual exercise oxygen uptake, and moderate negative feedback is more effective.

Influence of the CYP1A2 c.-163A > C polymorphism in the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise: a pilot randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the CYP1A2 c.-163A > C (rs762551) polymorphism on the effect of oral caffeine intake on fat oxidation during exercise. Using a pilot randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial, 32 young and healthy individuals (women = 14, men = 18) performed an incremental test on a cycle ergometer with 3-min stages at workloads from 30 to 70% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Participants performed this test after the ingestion of (a) placebo; (b) 3mg/kg of caffeine; (c) 6mg/kg of caffeine. Fat oxidation rate during exercise was measured by indirect calorimetry. The influence of the CYP1A2 c.-163A > C polymorphism in the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation rates during exercise was established with a three-way ANOVA (substance × genotype × intensity). Eight participants were genotyped as AA, 18 participants were CA heterozygotes, and 6 participants were CC. There was a main effect of substance (F = 3.348, p = 0.050) on fat oxidation rates during exercise with no genotype effect (F = 0.158, p = 0.959). The post hoc analysis revealed that, in comparison to the placebo, 3 and 6mg/kg of caffeine increased fat oxidation at 40-50% VO2max in AA (all p < 0.050) and 50-60% VO2max in CA and CC participants (all p < 0.050). Oral intake of 3 and 6mg/kg of caffeine increased fat oxidation rate during aerobic exercise in individuals with AA, CA and CC genotypes. This suggests that the effect of caffeine to enhance fat oxidation during exercise is not influenced by the CYP1A2 c.-163A > C polymorphism. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov with ID: NCT05975489.

ПІДГОТОВКА ФАХІВЦІВ СПОРТИВНО-ОЗДОРОВЧОГО ТУРИЗМУ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ: ІНТЕРАКТИВНИЙ ПІДХІД

Team Actuality. The training of sports and health tourism specialists necessitates a shift in emphasis from traditional forms of education to innovative methods and ways of organizing the educational process in higher education institutions. The purpose of the research there is a systematization of methods and means of activating the educational process during classes in professional disciplines for the training of sports and health tourism specialists. Research methods. Analysis, comparison, systematization, generalization of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical testing. Research results and key conclusions. The components of the professional training of specialists in this field have been identified, the expediency of using interactive technologies in the training of sports and health tourism specialists, first (bachelor's) level graduates in the specialty "Tourism" has been substantiated. The forms and methods of interactive training that can be used for the purpose of training sports and health tourism specialists include: discussion, presentation, heuristic conversation, round table method, business games, role-playing games, case method, practical group or individual exercises followed by discussion of results, simulation of interaction situations, analysis of video recordings, including recording of own actions, organization of meetings with invited specialists and outstanding people, collective solution of creative tasks, animation. The use of interactive learning methods actualizes the situational motives of activity; activity motivated by these incentives leads to the formation of established motives and values that lie in the semantic field of the individual's tourist competence. The use of interactive learning methods enriches the experience of independent activity and personal responsibility of students.

The effects of verbal cues on EMG activity during a quadriceps setting exercise.

A quadriceps setting (quad set) exercise is commonly utilized following knee injury, but there is great variation in cues that clinicians provide to patients when performing the exercise. To determine if internal, external, or visual cues results in the greatest quadriceps electromyographical (EMG) activity during a quadriceps setting exercise in healthy individuals. Descriptive laboratory study. University research laboratory. Thirty healthy individuals volunteered for this study. Participants were given one of five cues in a randomized order: internal cue "tighten your thigh muscles," internal cue "push your knee down," external cue "push into the bolster," external cue "push into the strap," or visual biofeedback using the cue "raise the value on the screen as high as you can." Normalized vastus lateralis EMG activity. Both visual biofeedback (83.2±24.9%) and "press into the strap" (76.8±24.4%) produced significantly greater (p< 0.001) EMG activity than the push knee down (53.2±27.0%), tighten thigh (52.7±27.3%), or push into the bolster (50.8±26.3) conditions. There was no significant difference (p= 0.10) between the visual biofeedback and "press into the strap" conditions as well as no significant difference (p> 0.38) between the push knee down, tighten thigh, or push into the bolster conditions. If the clinical aim during a quadriceps setting exercise is to obtain the greatest volitional muscle recruitment, the use of visual biofeedback or pressing into a strap is recommended.

Personalized care in dilated cardiomyopathy: Rationale and study design of the activeDCM trial.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of heart failure, particularly in younger individuals. Low physical strength is a global risk factor for cardiovascular mortality, and physical activity and a healthy lifestyle have been shown to improve outcomes in patients with heart failure. However, inappropriate exercise may increase the risk of arrhythmias in certain individuals with DCM. The determinants for predicting individual risks in this setting are poorly understood, and clinicians are hesitant to recommend sports for cardiomyopathy patients. The activeDCM trial aims to assess the safety and efficacy of a personalized exercise and activity programme for individuals with DCM. The activeDCM trial is a prospective, randomized, interventional trial with a 12month follow-up. Three hundred patients, aged 18-75years with DCM, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)≤50% and New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes I-III, will be enrolled. The intervention includes a personalized exercise and activity programme. The primary outcome is the increase in peak oxygen uptake (VO2max, mL/kg/min) from baseline to 12months. Secondary endpoints include adherence to personalized activity programmes, freedom from clinically relevant arrhythmia, unplanned hospitalization for heart failure and changes in NYHA class, quality of life scores, 6min walk distance, muscular strength, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) levels and cardiac function. Advanced research questions include high-density phenome and omics analysis combined with digital biomarkers derived from Apple Watch devices. The activeDCM trial will provide valuable insights into the safety and efficacy of personalized exercise training in DCM patients, inform clinical practice and contribute to the development of heart failure management programmes. The study will generate data on the impact of exercise on various aspects of cardiovascular disease, including genetic, metabolic, phenotypic and longitudinal aspects, facilitating the development of future digital tools and strategies, including the incorporation of smart wearable devices.

Blood pressure and ECG variables of healthy young males and females participating in moderate aerobic exercise

IntroductionChanges in blood pressure and electrocardiogram are important factors that determine exercise testing. This study investigated blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes in healthy young adults after performing acute moderate aerobic exercise protocols. MethodsForty young healthy untrained non-athletes, twenty males and twenty females (age, 25 ± 5.6 years; body weight, 65 ± 4.0 kg; body height, 176.9 ± 2.5 cm) were recruited for the study. The exercise regimen was acute moderate exercise for 20 min on a treadmill consistently for 14 days daily at the speed of 13 km/h. The body weight, blood pressure, and electrocardiograph were measured before and after exercise. ResultsThere was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in body weight (59 ± 3.2 kg) of female participants after 14 days of aerobic exercise relative to their baseline mean value (63 ± 2.9 kg). The systolic blood pressure decreased (P < 0.05) in males (117 ± 1.1 mmHg) and females (117 ± 1.0 mmHg) when compared to the mean baseline values in males (127 ± 1.3 mmHg) and females (128 ±0 .3 mmHg). The diastolic blood pressure also decreased (P < 0.05) in male (71 ± 0.88 mmHg) participants after exercise when compared to the baseline mean values (79 ± 1.2 mmHg) while there was no change in diastolic blood pressure of females. The ECG parameters remained unchanged, while the heart rate (75 ± 1.3 beats/min) increased (P < 0.05) after exercise in all participants relative to the baseline (69 ± 2 beats/min). ConclusionThe results suggest that moderate aerobic exercise normalized blood pressure and electrical activity of the heart while reducing heart rate after 14 days of consistent aerobic exercise in healthy individuals.

Match-to-Match Variation on High-Intensity Demands in a Portuguese Professional Football Team.

The aim of this study was to analyze the match-to-match variation in high-intensity demands from one Portuguese professional football team according to playing positions. Twenty-three male outfield professional football players were observed during eighteen matches of the Portuguese Second League. Time-motion data were collected using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. Match running performance was analyzed based on the following three playing positions: defenders (DF), midfielders (MF), and forwards (FW). Repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to compare match running performance within each position role, and seasonal running variation. Practical differences were assessed using the smallest worthwhile change (SWC), coefficient of variation (CV), and twice the coefficient of variation (2CV). Significant differences were found among playing positions in total distance covered (F = 15.45, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.33), average speed (F = 12.79, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.29), high-speed running (F = 16.93, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.36), sprinting (F = 13.49, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.31), accelerations (F = 4.69, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.132), and decelerations (F = 12.21, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.284). The match-to-match running performance encompassed TD (6.59%), AvS (8.67%), HSRr (37.83%), SPR (34.82%), ACC (26.92%), and DEC (27.85%). CV values for total distance covered ranged from 4.87-6.82%, with forwards and midfielders exhibiting the greatest and smallest variation, respectively. Midfielders demonstrated the highest match-to-match variation for all other analyzed variables (8.12-69.17%). All playing positions showed significant variation in high-demanding variables (26.94-37.83%). This study presents the initial analysis of match-to-match variation in high-intensity demands within a Portuguese professional football team. Thus, the position's specificity and context can provide a helpful strategy for evaluating match-to-match running performance, and for recommending individualized training exercises based on the peak and high-intensity demands for each player's role within the game.

Effect of Microencapsulated Cocoa Polyphenols on Macro- and Microvascular Function after Eccentric Exercise

Background: Evidence has demonstrated that non-habitual exercise, such as eccentric exercise, can increase reactive oxygen species and induce endothelial dysfunction, which plays a central role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Polyphenol-rich foods, such as cocoa, have been widely investigated in vascular function due to their antioxidant effect. Aims: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of microencapsulated cocoa (MC) polyphenols in the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) response and forearm muscle oxygenation (StO2) parameters after an eccentric exercise. Methods: Thirteen physically active adults were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, and crossover study. FMD and StO2 were evaluated before and after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of eccentric exercise and MC or placebo supplementation. Results: No significant difference in FMD response and StO2 parameters was observed after MC and placebo (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: A single dose of MC did not change FMD and muscle StO2 parameters after eccentric exercise in healthy individuals.

Dynamism of human action as a key to understanding virtue education

This article presents the dynamism of human action as a key to understanding virtue education. The dynamism of human action refers to the intentional and socially situated exercise of individuals, in particular how the faculties of the human being as agent are involved. Our proposal is framed within a neotomistic anthropological paradigm that assumes the action of the Holy Spirit in synergy with human freedom. We also present some orientations for the pedagogy of virtues based on the explanation of the dynamism of human action. This paper is an interdisciplinary work that includes elements of philosophy, theology, psychology and pedagogy.

The influence of an individual exercise program on stability and proprioception improvement in a patient after ankle sprain

Background. Among the most common ankle injuries in volleyball players are sprains. They often occur during the jumping and landing phases. The injury may lead to proprioceptive disorders and stability issues. The aim of this study was to present the influence of an individual exercise program on improving stability and proprioception in a patient after experiencing a sprained ankle. Material and methods. The case study included a 20-year-old patient who suffered a right ankle sprain. The patient, an active volleyball player, reported instability and periodically occurring pain. After conducting an objective assessment of stability and proprioception using the diagnostic and therapeutic system with a stabilometric platform and camera 3D, the patient underwent an individual exercise program. The patient also reported a pain level of 6 on the VAS scale. Results. The initial overall stability of the patient, measured as the ellipse surface, improved from 337.04 mm² to 190.94 mm². Proprioception, assessed as the average tracking error (ATE), changed from 21.78% to 21.17% for the left lower limb and from 38.52% to 27.43% for the right lower limb. The pain level on the VAS scale decreased to 4. Conclusion. The conducted exercise program has a positive impact on improving stability and proprioception, as well as reducing the level of chronic pain.

Investigation of muscle activation during kinetic chain based exercises in individuals with and without forward head posture.

The Band Pull-Apart (BPA) exercise is used to strengthen the periscapular muscles. It was recently stated that the lower extremity and trunk movements should be included in the shoulder rehabilitation programs to optimize an effective energy transfer throughout the kinetic chain. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of kinetic chain based BPA exercise on the muscle activations of the sternocleidomasteideous (SCM) and the trapezius muscles in individuals with and without forward head posture (FHP). Eighteen individuals with FHP and 18 individuals without FHP were included. Photographic measurements were made to identify individuals with FHP. The muscle activations of SCM, Upper Trapezius (UT), Middle Trapezius (MT), and Lower Trapezius (LT) were measured with surface EMG. BPA exercise was performed in the standing, unipedal standing, squat, unipedal squat, and Bulgarian split squat (BSS). There was no Group × Exercise interaction for the SCM, UT, MT, LT muscle activations, or for the UT/MT and UT/LT ratios (p> 0.05). While there was a difference in the activation of all muscles between individuals with and without FHP (p< 0.05), both ratios were similar (p> 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between exercises for SCM, MT, and LT muscle activations (p< 0.000 for these muscles), UT/MT (p< 0.000) and UT/LT ratios (p= 0.004). SCM muscle activation in squat was lower than activation in standing (Mean Difference (MD) = 2.5% Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contractions (MVIC); p= 0.004) and in unipedal standing (MD = 2.1% MVIC; p= 0.002). MT muscle activation in squat was higher than activation in standing (MD = 9.7% MVIC), unipedal standing (MD = 7.8% MVIC), unipedal squat (MD = 6.9% MVIC) and BSS (MD = 9.4% MVIC; p< 0.000 for these positions). LT muscle activation in the squat was higher than activation in the standing (MD = 8.5% MVIC) and unipedal squat (MD = 8.1% MVIC; p< 0.004 for these positions). UT/MT ratio in the squat was lower than standing (MD = 0.3), unipedal standing (MD = 0.2) and BSS (MD = 0.3; p< 0.000 for these positions). UT/LT ratio in squat was lower than unipedal squat (MD = 0.5) and BSS (MD = 0.6; p= 0.002; for these positions). Performing the BPA exercise in the squat position is suggested in cases where lower SCM and UT muscle activation, lower UT/MT, and UT/LT ratios and higher MT and LT muscle activations are needed for individuals with and without FHP.

Individual variability and consistency of post-exercise energy and macronutrient intake, appetite sensations, and food reward in healthy adults

Limited evidence is available about the variability of appetitive responses within individuals after an acute bout of exercise. The present study aimed to assess the consistency and individual variability of post-exercise appetitive responses in healthy individuals. Twenty participants (10 females, 23.9 ± 4.1 years, 22.5 ± 2.0 kg m−2) joined the laboratory to perform four sessions separated by a minimum of 5 days: i) a control session with a rest period before and an ad libitum lunch (REST), and ii) three identical exercise sessions (EX) with a 30-min moderate-intensity (60–70% of predicted maximal heart rate) walking bout ending 25 min before the ad libitum lunch. Subjective appetite sensations were assessed before and after the meal at regular intervals, and satiety quotients were calculated. Food reward was assessed by the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire before and after lunch. For each EX session, the difference with the REST session was calculated (Δ = EX – REST). Energy and macronutrient intake were consistent in response to exercise (all intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) > 0.8) while results showed that post-exercise subjective appetite sensations and satiety quotients varied across the three EX sessions (almost all ICC < 0.7). Food reward was overall consistent in response to exercise before the test meal but not after. When considering the changes (Δ), the results showed no or poor consistency for most of the appetitive outcomes. To conclude, energy and macronutrient intake, as well as pre-meal food reward, are consistent after exercise in healthy individuals, while subjective appetite sensations are not stable within individuals across the sessions. Regarding the variations from REST to EX sessions, the results suggest that the individual changes observed are only random day-to-day variations.

4-week stretching program after submaximal strength exercise affects performance but not heart rate variability and lactate clearance. An exploratory study.

Previous research has demonstrated that stretching can enhance athletic performance and induce cardiovascular adaptations. This study aims to assess whether a 4-week preventative stretching routine can enhance heart rate variability and heart rate recovery, faster blood lactate clearance, and improve performance following submaximal strength exercises. Twenty-four healthy adults were recruited and randomly allocated to either the experimental group or the control group. Both groups engaged in submaximal strength exercises (5 sets to voluntary failure at 60% of 1RM) comprising bench press and back squat exercises under baseline conditions and after stretching protocol. The experimental group followed the Stretching Protocol, while the control group adhered to their regular training routine. ANOVA analysis revealed a significant pre-post interaction effect between groups in the variable of squat repetitions, although no notable pre- or post-differences were observed in heart rate variability, heart rate recovery, blood lactate concentration, or bench repetitions in either group. A 4-week preventative stretching program does not appear adequate to enhance lactate clearance and cardiovascular adaptation after submaximal strength exercises in resistance-trained individuals compared to the control group. However, it is plausible that such a stretching routine may mitigate muscle fatigue, though further investigation is warranted to substantiate this hypothesis.

Assessing the accessibility and quality of mobile health applications for the treatment of obesity in the German healthcare market.

Overweight and obesity are among the most prevalent health problems worldwide leading to various diseases and having a significant impact on the healthcare system. In Germany, the prevalence of obesity among adults is 19%. Mobile health applications offer a new approach to treatment and prevention and have been proven effective in previous studies. However, it is essential to investigate the availability and quality of these digital applications. The aim of this systematic assessment is to evaluate the accessibility and quality of digital health applications in German language designed to treat obesity. In January 2024, a systematic search for mobile health applications was conducted on both the Google Play Store and Apple App Store. Just those apps available in German for both iOS and Android were considered acceptable. The German Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS-G) was used to assess the quality of the apps. The content of mobile health applications was evaluated using the guideline from the German Obesity Society for the treatment of obesity. The characteristics of the apps were summarized and presented, and the results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in tables. After screening, ten apps were included in the review. The apps varied in terms of calorie tracking, individual workout plans, educational aspects, nutritional plans, and exercises for behavioral change. On average, 6.4 out of 12 items of the German Obesity guideline recommendations were fulfilled. The MARS score (possible range from 1-5) reached a mean of 3.39 (SD = 0.39). The section "Engagement" had the lowest quality score with a mean of 3.14 (SD = 0.57), while the section "Aesthetics" achieved the highest mean of 3.57 (SD = 0.52). Most German mobile health applications for managing obesity meet some guideline recommendations. They demonstrate adequate to good quality according to the MARS score. Assessing the quality of mobile health applications can be challenging for patients, despite being easily accessible and low-threshold. However, such digital health applications, reimbursed by the German SHI, offer evidence-based information, even if access can be associated with higher hurdles.

Searching Questions and Learning Problems in Large Problem Banks: Constructing Tests and Assignments on the Fly

Modern advances in creating shared banks of learning problems and automatic question and problem generation have led to the creation of large question banks in which human teachers cannot view every question. These questions are classified according to the knowledge necessary to solve them and the question difficulties. Constructing tests and assignments on the fly at the teacher’s request eliminates the possibility of cheating by sharing solutions because each student receives a unique set of questions. However, the random generation of predictable and effective assignments from a set of problems is a non-trivial task. In this article, an algorithm for generating assignments based on teachers’ requests for their content is proposed. The algorithm is evaluated on a bank of expression-evaluation questions containing more than 5000 questions. The evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm can guarantee the minimum expected number of target concepts (rules) in an exercise with any settings. The available bank and exercise difficulty chiefly determine the difficulty of the found questions. It almost does not depend on the number of target concepts per item in the exercise: teaching more rules is achieved by rotating them among the exercise items on lower difficulty settings. An ablation study show that all the principal components of the algorithm contribute to its performance. The proposed algorithm can be used to reliably generate individual exercises from large, automatically generated question banks according to teachers’ requests, which is important in massive open online courses.

A pilot study evaluating exercise intervention and body composition changes in patients with breast cancer and survivors.

e12527 Background: In breast cancer patients and survivors, higher weight and adipose tissue levels have been associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cancer recurrence. Additionally, various breast cancer treatments can increase body weight, adipose tissue, and inflammatory markers, raising multiple health concerns for breast cancer patients. Recent studies have found exercise programs alongside breast cancer treatment decreased adipose tissue; however, the weight loss and lifestyle results were not maintained following the exercise program. It remains unclear what strategies are effective in implementing long term lifestyle changes. Methods: In this pilot study, breast cancer patients and survivors (N=24, individual=12, group=12) followed an exercise program for 6 months, followed by 6 months of follow up. Participants ranged from ages 36 to75. Participants were randomized into group and individual exercise sections. Anthropometric measurements were taken at baseline, 3 months and 1 year. One-year measures were used to indicate continued lifestyle changes. Results: Significant differences in fat % body composition were found between baseline and 3 months in both group and individual with an average change of 1.12% (5.9% max) and 1.32% (5.4% max) respectively (P=0.0090). In addition, the baseline and 1-year average change of both group 2.8% (8.8% max) and individual 1.5% (9.6% max) sections was also seen and statistically significant (P=0.0040). Patients in individual and group exercise sections had up to 9.6% and 8.8% decrease in adipose tissue over 1 year, respectively.However, no significant difference was found between the individual and group exercise sections (P=0.3244). Conclusions: Patients from both the individual and group exercise sections continued to decrease adipose tissue composition throughout the 1-year study period, including after formal exercise course cessation at 6 months. This indicates that both group and individual exercise courses may offer similar health benefits to breast cancer survivors. We are continuing long term data collection to evaluate sustainability of the intervention benefits and to monitor breast cancer recurrence rates. Clinical trial information: NCT04013568 . [Table: see text]

Effect of active recovery using individual maximum exercise capacity: a pilot study.

[Purpose] The intensity of active recovery (AR) for performance recovery is often determined using breath gas analyzers and other special equipment. However, such procedures are difficult to perform in the field or where facilities are inadequate. Although several AR methods using simple patient-derived information have been proposed, only a few have specifically addressed their immediate effects. The present study aimed to quantify the immediate effects of AR, which was determined using the maximum exercise capacity calculated using a physical fitness test without specialized devices. [Participants and Methods] Thirty-two healthy male participants were equally divided into AR and control groups. Each group performed squat jumps, followed by a recovery intervention of jogging at a set intensity in the AR group or rest in a seated position in the control group. Standing long jumps performed before and after the squat jumps as well as after the intervention were analyzed. [Results] The recovery rate for standing long jumps was significantly higher in the AR group than in the control group. [Conclusion] The results of this pilot study indicate that the implementation of AR based on maximum exercise capacity may enhance performance recovery and requires further validation in larger studies.

Aerobic Exercise in Individuals with Restless Legs Syndrome: A Case Series Study

Purpose: Exercise has been demonstrated to alleviate restless legs syndrome (RLS) symptoms in individuals with RLS, but little studies are available on the physical health of primary RLS. This case series aim to describe outcome after the training of supervised aerobic exercise training in individuals with RLS. Case Report: Five individuals with RLS were received with a supervised aerobic exercise training 2 days per week for 12 weeks. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale (IRLS) was used to detect the severity of RLS. The Turkish version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure sleep quality. The functional effect of fatigue was evaluated with Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS). The Six-Minute Walk test (6MWT) were used to determine the functional exercise capacity. All assessments took place at baseline and post-intervention. Conclusion: Following aerobic exercise, clinically meaningful changes in the severity of RLS, PSQI, and 6MWT were reported in all individuals with severe RLS. Four of 5 patients improved their FIS at post-intervention. These results suggest that 24-session supervised aerobic exercise training might help to improve RLS severity, sleep quality, fatigue, and exercise capacity in an individual with RLS.