Exercise In Elderly Patients Research Articles

Behavior of Leadless atrioventricular synchronous pacing during exercise.

The leadless Micra AV pacemaker is designed to provide atrio-ventricular (AV) synchronous tracking by detecting the atrial contraction. Detection of the mechanical atrial signals can become challenging at fast sinus rate. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the AV synchronous performance at exercise in outpatients implanted with a Micra AV pacemaker. Patients were enrolled at least 1-month after a Micra AV implant and underwent a cycle test protocol. Serial device interrogations (each minute) and continuous electrocardiogram were collected to measure AV synchrony and determine maximum achieved sinus and ventricular rate for each patient. Additionally, the A1, A2, A3 and A4 accelerometer signal amplitudes were measured at start and peak of exercise. Thirty-five patients (mean age: 75.6 ± 13.4 years, 80% male) were enrolled in the study; 22 (64%) were predominantly ventricular paced (>90%) during exercise. The average AV synchrony was 90.4% in the entire cohort and 84.7% in patients with high degree AV block. The mean amplitude of the accelerometer signals increased significantly from start to peak of exercise: A1 (4.1 to 6.3 m/s2), A2 (2.4 to 3.8 m/s2) and A4 (4.5 to 7.6 m/s2) (all, p<0.01). The time from the VP-A2 decreased 25 ms for each 100 ms of R-R interval decrease. Maintaining AV synchrony during maximal exercise in elderly patients is achievable by adequate detection of atrial contraction at high sinus rates by the leadless Micra AV pacemaker. All components of the accelerometer signal increased, likely due to increased contractility related to exercise.

Physiological characteristics of blood pressure responses after combined exercise in elderly hypertensive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this investigation is to explore the efficacy of combined exercise in elderly patients with hypertension. Moreover, we aim to delve into the underlying mechanisms governing blood pressure regulation, with the objective of promoting the adoption of this exercise regimen among elderly hypertensive individuals. In our study, we conducted a thorough search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus. This extensive search resulted in the preliminary screening of 2,347 articles. Among these, 9 studies were carefully selected for an in-depth analysis. For our meta-analysis, we employed Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 15.0, enabling us to perform detailed subgroup analyses and assess the possibility of publication bias. In comparison to the control group (n = 194), individuals enrolled in the combined exercise group (n = 200) exhibited a notable decrease in both resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -11.17 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-17.13, -5.22), Z = 3.68, P < 0.05] and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [WMD = -5.93 mm Hg, 95% CI (-9.24, -2.61), Z = 3.51, P < 0.05]. Nonetheless, no statistically significant alteration was observed in pulse pressure (PP) [WMD = -9.05 mm Hg, 95% CI (-22.65, 4.55), Z = 1.3, P = 0.192]. Further subgroup analyses elucidated that combined exercise regimens, characterized by aerobic training intensities below 85% of HRmax, durations of up to 12 weeks, weekly frequencies of either ≥3 or <3 sessions, total session times under 60 min, and a sequence of aerobic exercise followed by resistance training (AE-RT), were particularly effective in enhancing SBP and DBP among elderly patients with hypertension. Additionally, regular engagement in combined exercise led to significant improvements in SBP and DBP across individuals aged 60-70, those older than 70 years, and regardless of whether participants were using antihypertensive medications or not. Combined exercise serves as an efficacious adjunctive therapy for reducing blood pressure among elderly individuals with hypertension, exerting beneficial influences on multiple physiological mechanisms pertinent to blood pressure regulation. Moreover, the integration of aerobic exercise with resistance training presents a more varied training program, thereby eliciting wider-ranging positive effects on both the physical and mental well-being of elderly patients afflicted with hypertension.

Research progress on the application of Baduanjin exercise in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at stable stage

Research progress on the application of Baduanjin exercise in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at stable stage

Exploration Study on the Optimal Timing for Early Postoperative Functional Exercise in Elderly Patients with Spinal Cement

Exploration Study on the Optimal Timing for Early Postoperative Functional Exercise in Elderly Patients with Spinal Cement

Effectiveness of magnetic therapy versus exercise in elderly patients with chronic mechanical neck pain: A randomized clinical trial

&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; Mechanical neck pain (MNP) affects all age groups, it has a substantial physical, psychological, and economic impact, especially in elderly. This study aimed to evaluate effect of addition of magnetic therapy (MT) to exercise versus exercise therapy alone on neck pain (NP), proprioception, and balance in elderly patients with chronic MNP.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Materials &amp;amp; Methods:&lt;/b&gt; 50 elderly patients with chronic MNP were assigned to magnetic group (25 patients who practiced exercise program for 35-40 minutes/session three sessions per week for four weeks in addition exposure to MT for 20 minutes each session three sessions per week for four weeks) and control group (25 patients who practiced only the exercise program). The severity of pain, cervical joint position sense (JPS) and balance performance were measured by using the visual analogue scale (VAS) goniometer and the both single-leg stance time (SLST), and timed up and go (TUG) tests, respectively. ANOVA and Independent t-tests were used to determine significant differences within and between two groups for normal variables, whereas the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for not normal variables.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The results show significant improvements in VAS, SLST (with open and closed eyes), TUG, and JPS after interventions in both groups, p-value &amp;lt;0.05, while addition of MT to exercise program induced only significant differences in VAS, SLST (with open &amp;amp; closed eyes), TUG, except JPS, p-value = 0.002, 0.047 &amp;amp; 0.037, 0.001, and 0.928 respectively, in favor to the magnetic group.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Multi-dimensional exercise program is effective in relieving NP and improving balance in elderly with MNP, addition of MT to exercise program could induce superior effects only on pain and balance for elderly patients with MNP.

The Effects Of Eccentric Exercise In Elderly Patients With Chronic Kidney Diseases

The Effects Of Eccentric Exercise In Elderly Patients With Chronic Kidney Diseases

Application of progressive resistance exercise in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with sarcopenia.

Application of progressive resistance exercise in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with sarcopenia.

Home-Based Exercise in Elderly Patients with Claudication and Chronic Kidney Disease Is Associated with Lower Progressive Renal Function Worsening: A 5-Year Retrospective Study.

This observational study aimed to monitor the 5-year trends of kidney function in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and concomitant chronic kidney disease (CKD) enrolled or not enrolled into a rehabilitative exercise program. Sixty-six patients (aged 72 ± 10, males n = 52) at KDOQI stages III-IV and PAD at Rutherford's stage I-III were included in the study, with a group (Exercise, EX; n = 32) receiving a 6-month structured pain-free home-based walking program and a group (Control, CO; n = 34) receiving walking advice and optimal nephrological care. Outcomes included kidney function measured through serum creatinine (sCr) and clinical outcomes, including the rate of advance of CKD stages and admission to dialysis, revascularizations, and hospitalizations. At baseline, the two groups were comparable for age, nephropathy, medications, comorbidities, and PAD severity. Patients in the EX group safely completed the exercise program. SCr values were slightly increased in EX (baseline: 2.35 ± 0.32; 5-year: 2.71 ± 0.39 mg/dL) and progressively worsened in CO (baseline: 2.30 ± 0.31; 5-year 4.22 ± 0.42 mg/dL), with a significant between-group difference (p = 0.002). The control group also showed a higher number of dialysis admissions (5 vs. 0, p = 0.025) and advancing CKD stage as well a higher risks for lower limb revascularization (hazard ratio: 2.59; 95%CI: 1.11-6.02; p = 0.027) and for all-cause hospitalization (hazard ratio: 1.77; 95%CI: 1.05-2.97; p = 0.031). PAD-CKD patients enrolled in a low-moderate intensity home-exercise program showed more favorable long-term trends in kidney function and clinical outcomes than patients with usual care. These preliminary observations need to be confirmed in randomized trials.

Efficacy of bed exercise in elderly patients after total hip arthroplasty: A retrospective study of 539 patients.

The purpose of this study was to observe the necessity of bed exercise therapy in the rehabilitation of elderly patients after hip replacement and to analyze whether bed exercise therapy has an impact on patients' psychological scores, hip function and postoperative complications. From January 2018 to January 2021, a total of 539 patients with end-stage femoral head necrosis or hip osteoarthritis were retrospectively analyzed. According to the method of postoperative rehabilitation exercise, patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A (routine gait) and Group B (bed exercise). There was no significant difference in general information between the 2 groups. There was no significant difference in baseline pain scores between patients in Group A and Group B (25.2 ± 9.6 vs 24.8 ± 10.4, P = .429). However, at 5 weeks post-operatively, the pain scores of patients in Group A were significantly higher than those in Group B (38.6 ± 7.7 vs 34.1 ± 8.1, P = .016). At 17 weeks post-operatively, the difference between Group A and Group B remained (40.9 ± 6.9 vs 37.5 ± 7.5, P = .041). Similar to the pain score, the hip function score compared between the 2 groups was significantly different at 5 weeks (39.7 ± 8.4 in Group A, 45.9 ± 9.2 in Group B, P < .001) and 17 weeks post-operatively (41.5 ± 7.6 in Group A, 47.2 ± 8.8 in Group B, P < .001). At 17 weeks post-operatively, between the 2 groups, only the range of motion (ROM) of abduction showed no significant difference. Patients in Group B exhibited a better ROM in any other movement posture. The results showed that compared with Group A, bed exercise rehabilitation training could reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis. This study demonstrates that bed exercise can improve the hip function and quality of life of elderly patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA) at an early postoperative stage. It can reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs after surgery. For these patients, systematic bed exercise rehabilitation training is recommended in the early postoperative period.

β-Cell function and body mass index are predictors of exercise response in elderly patients with prediabetes.

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionTo explore the predicting factors of exercise response (whether the participants converted to diabetes) in elderly patients with prediabetes.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective subgroup analysis of the registered clinical trial with previous publication of the same cohort. A total of 248 participants with prediabetes were randomized to the aerobic training (n = 83) group, resistance training (n = 82) group and control group (n = 83). The patients who finished the 2‐year exercise intervention were included in this analysis to explore the factors impacting exercise response.ResultsA total of 113 patients with prediabetes completed 2 years of exercise, with 56 participants in the aerobic exercise group and 57 in the resistance exercise group. Patients who reversed to normal glucose tolerance, remained in prediabetes and developed diabetes were 18 (15.90%), 70 (62.00%) and 25 (22.10%), respectively. Logistic regression showed that baseline, homeostatic model 2 assessment of β‐cell function (β = −0.143, P = 0.039), hemoglobin A1c (β = 3.301, P = 0.007) and body mass index (β = 0.402, P = 0.012) were related to exercise response, whereas the waist‐to‐hip ratio (β = −3.277, P = 0.693) and types of exercise (β = 1.192, P = 0.093) were not significantly related to exercise response.ConclusionsBaseline homeostatic model 2 assessment of β‐cell function, hemoglobin A1c and body mass index were the predictors for the response to exercise in elderly patients with prediabetes.

Long-term therapeutic effect of percutaneous kyphoplasty combined with & without back muscle rehabilitation exercise in elderly patients. A comparative study.

Objectives:To know the long-term therapeutic effects and the pain improvement after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) combined with and without back muscle rehabilitation exercises in elderly patients with osteoporotic lumbar compression fractures.Methods:We performed a retrospective analysis using records of elderly patients with osteoporotic lumbar compression fracture treated in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2020. We extracted relevant hospitalization treatment and record of follow-up data after discharge from 45 patients treated with PKP (Group-I) and 56 treated with PKP combined with back muscle rehabilitation exercises (Group-II). We compared the total effective lumbar function rates (number of effective and perfectly effective treatments/total number of patients) and inprovement in pain of the two treatment schemes.Results:The total efficacy in the group receiving treatment in Group-II was 96.43% higher than that of the patients receiving treatment in Group-I (84.44%; P<0.05). The pain VAS scores at one, six and 12 months in patients receiving treatment in Group-II were lower than those patients receiving treatment in Group-I (P<0.05). A year after the operation, the Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores in patients receiving treatment in Group-II were lower than those patients receiving treatment in Group-I (P<0.05). Whereas Japan Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores were higher in the patient’s receiving treatment in Group-II as compared to Group-I (P<0.05).Conclusion:After elderly patients were treated with PKP combined with back muscle rehabilitation exercise of lumbar and dorsal muscle function, the curative effect was significantly improved, the pain was reduced and the lumbar function was significantly improved.

Optimizing Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Response to Resistance Training in Aging.

Loss of muscle mass and strength with aging, also termed sarcopenia, results in a loss of mobility and independence. Exercise, particularly resistance training, has proven to be beneficial in counteracting the aging-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. However, the anabolic response to exercise in old age is not as robust, with blunted improvements in muscle size, strength, and function in comparison to younger individuals. This review provides an overview of several physiological changes which may contribute to age-related loss of muscle mass and decreased anabolism in response to resistance training in the elderly. Additionally, the following supplemental therapies with potential to synergize with resistance training to increase muscle mass are discussed: nutrition, creatine, anti-inflammatory drugs, testosterone, and growth hormone (GH). Although these interventions hold some promise, further research is necessary to optimize the response to exercise in elderly patients.

Ventilation distribution, pulmonary diffusion and peripheral muscle endurance as determinants of exercise intolerance in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and disabling disease that has been associated with aging. Several factors may potentially impair performance during exercise in elderly patients with COPD. This study was conducted to evaluate what characteristics related to lung function, peripheral muscle strength and endurance can predict the performance of elderly patients with COPD during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Forty elderly patients with COPD underwent resting lung function tests, knee isokinetic dynamometry, and CPET. Three models were developed to explain the variability in peak oxygen uptake (VO(2) peak) after controlling for age as an independent confounder. The pulmonary function model showed the highest explained variance (65.6 %); in this model, ventilation distribution (p<0.001) and pulmonary diffusion (0.013) were found to be independent predictors. Finally, the models that included the muscle strength and endurance variables presented explained variances of 51 % and 57.4 %, respectively. In these models that involved muscular dysfunction, however, only the endurance variables were found to be independent predictors (p<0.05). In conclusion, ventilation distribution and pulmonary diffusion, but not the degree of airway obstruction, independently predict CPET performance in elderly patients with COPD. In addition, peripheral muscle endurance, but not strength, also predicts CPET performance in these subjects.

DIFFERENCE URINARY INCONTINENCE BEFORE AND AFTER CONDUCTED MASSAGE, KEGEL EXERCISE IN ELDERLY PATIENTS AT PUBLIC HOSPITALS SEMBIRING DELI TUA

Urinary Incontinence is involuntary urination, or leakage of urinary that is very real and pose a social. High incidence rates urinary incontinence causes the need for treatment with massage, kegel exercise aimed at rebuilding pelvic floor muscle strength. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in urinary incontinence before and after the massage, kegel exercise in elderly patients in public hospitals deliberate delitua in 2018. The study design used is quasy experiment, using the design of pre-test and post-test control group design. Population and samples used in this study were 15 elderly who have urinary incontinence taken by accidental sampling. Based on the result of statistical test by using T-test with paired sample T-test obtained dat analysis showed that based on age af patient based on age patient urinary incontinence most aged 60-65 years (66,7%), while at age 66-70 (20,0%), and at least 71-74 (13,3%). Can be known urinary incontinence before given massage, kegel exercise counted 14 people (93,3%) medium incontinence and as many as 1 person (6,7%) severe incontinence. After given message, kegel exercise can be seen that there are descrease that is as much as 7 people (46,7%) light incontinence and as many as 8 people (53,3%) medium incontinence. The conclusions of these result indicate that there is an effect of massage, kegel exercise to urinary incontinence in elderly patients in public hospitals deliberate delitua.

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty: the role of physical therapy on the clinical outcome in the mid-term to long-term follow-up.

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty shifts the rotational center of the shoulder joint caudally and medially to restore shoulder function in a rotator cuff deficient shoulder. Despite promising results in early- and mid-term follow-up, long-term loss in shoulder function has been described in the literature. A lack of exercise in elderly patients may be one reason for this loss in function. This study examines the functional benefits of physical therapy in the mid-term to long-term follow-up regarding the subjective and objective shoulder function. Twenty patients with a mean age of 73years were included in this series. The study was performed as a single-center, prospective study. Initial indications for reverse shoulder arthroplasty were cuff tear arthropathy, failed anatomical shoulder arthroplasty, and fracture sequelae. The patients were clinically examined at a mean follow-up of 62months using the Constant score (CS) and the DASH score for the operated and the non-operated shoulder. They were reevaluated using the same scores following a standardized physical therapy program of 6weeks' duration. The mean CS as well as the mean age- and gender-adjusted CS of the affected shoulder improved significantly from 53.5 to 59.3 points, and 72.7-80.8%, respectively. The subcategories activities of daily living (ADL) and range of motion (ROM) of the CS improved significantly, whereas no significant improvement was observed for the subcategories pain and strength. Evaluating the contralateral shoulder, no significant change was observed for the age- and gender-adjusted CS and the CS as well as its subcategories. We found no significant difference in the CS comparing the different etiologies prior to physical therapy. Physical therapy plays an important role subsequent to reverse shoulder arthroplasty. It also has an effect in the mid-term to long-term follow-up regarding the range of motion as well as activities of daily living. However, physical therapy seems to have limited effect on the strength and the residual pain level. Level III.

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty: the role of physical therapy on the clinical outcome in the mid-term to long-term follow-up.

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty shifts the rotational center of the shoulder joint caudally and medially to restore shoulder function in a rotator cuff deficient shoulder. Despite promising results in early- and mid-term follow-up, long-term loss in shoulder function has been described in the literature. A lack of exercise in elderly patients may be one reason for this loss in function. This study examines the functional benefits of physical therapy in the mid-term to long-term follow-up regarding the subjective and objective shoulder function. Twenty patients with a mean age of 73years were included in this series. The study was performed as a single-center, prospective study. Initial indications for reverse shoulder arthroplasty were cuff tear arthropathy, failed anatomical shoulder arthroplasty, and fracture sequelae. The patients were clinically examined at a mean follow-up of 62months using the Constant score (CS) and the DASH score for the operated and the non-operated shoulder. They were reevaluated using the same scores following a standardized physical therapy program of 6weeks' duration. The mean CS as well as the mean age- and gender-adjusted CS of the affected shoulder improved significantly from 53.5 points to 59.3 points, and 72.7-80.8%, respectively. The subcategories activities of daily living and range of motion of the CS improved significantly, whereas no significant improvement was observed for the subcategories pain and strength. Evaluating the contralateral shoulder, no significant change was observed for the age- and gender-adjusted CS and the CS as well as its subcategories. We found no significant difference in the CS comparing the different etiologies prior to physical therapy. Physical therapy plays an important role subsequent to reverse shoulder arthroplasty. It also has an effect in the mid-term to long-term follow-up regarding the range of motion as well as activities of daily living. However, physical therapy seems to have limited effect on the strength and the residual pain level. Level III.

Effect analysis of quality control circle in the follow-up rate of upper limb functional exercise in elderly patients after permanent pacemaker implantation

Objective To explore the application and effects of quality control circle activities on the compliance rate of upper limb functional exercise in elderly patients after permanent pacemaker implantation. Methods The application of quality control circle was used to analyze the causes, so as to find out the real cause of low compliance of upper limb functional exercise in permanent pacemaker implantation elderly patient including lack of accessary for upper limp training excise, the lake of education materials pacemaker for upper limb functional training after implantation without image, the lack of upper limb function exercise knowledge after pacemaker implantation in nurses, fear of pacemaker shift and bleeding, 5 aspects of team coaching patients with upper limb functional exercise, according to it due to the development of effective countermeasures which organized the implementation of standardized management. Results After the implementation of quality control circle activities, the follow-up rate of upper limb functional exercise in elderly patients increased from 57.89% to 100.00% before permanent pacemaker implantation, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The goal of the event rate increased to 151%, and progress rate of 72.74%. Conclusions The application of quality control circle can improve follow-up rate in permanent pacemaker implantation in elderly patients after upper limb functional exercise, the upper limb function, and the quality of life of patients, as well as the members of quality control techniques, professional knowledge, communication and coordination, team spirit, and ability to explore problems were improved. Key words: Aged; Pacemaker implantation; Quality control circle; Upper limb functional exercise; Follow-up rate

Effect of strength training on sleep apnea severity in the elderly: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs due to sleep-induced upper airway muscle relaxation resulting in increased pharyngeal collapsibility. Clinical trials have shown a favorable effect of exercise training on OSA severity in middle-aged adults. Aging is characterized by motor-unit loss. Force training may affect the whole body muscle tone. We hypothesize that interventions increasing muscle strength might propagate to motor units at the abductor pharyngeal muscles, reducing collapsibility and, hence, sleep apnea severity in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Methods/designThis is a randomized clinical trial including patients between 65 and 80 years of age, with obstructive sleep apnea, and an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) between 20 and 50 events/hour, diagnosed by out-of-center in-home type III polysomnography. Forty subjects will be included and randomly assigned to two equal sized groups. The participants allocated to the intervention group will attend two sessions per week of one-hour strength training for the legs, arms, chest, back, and abdomen and the controls will receive advice on lifestyle change. The primary outcome measure of the study will be the change in apnea-hypopnea index and the secondary outcomes will be the body composition, evaluated by anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance variables; maximum dynamic force, appraised by one-repetition maximum strength test; muscle quality and thickness by ultrasound; physical function assessed by sit-to-stand test, timed up and go test, handgrip strength test. The study duration will be 12 weeks. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be performed.DiscussionThe high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in elderly people is a public health issue. OSA is a recognized cause of cardiovascular disease and reduces quality of life due to sleepiness and fatigue. Exercise is a low-cost intervention that could help to detain the trend towards age-dependent loss of pharyngeal motor units and progressive severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Home-based strength exercises may represent a more practical approach than aerobic exercise for elderly patients. If the results confirm our hypothesis, further research on the clinical application of our findings will be warranted.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02742792. Registered on 1 April 2016.

P6-2 - Clinical Utility of Reduced Heart Rate Recovery After Exercise in Elderly Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

P6-2 - Clinical Utility of Reduced Heart Rate Recovery After Exercise in Elderly Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Effects of concurrent and aerobic exercises on postexercise hypotension in elderly hypertensive men

Despite the fact that simultaneous performance of resistance and aerobic exercises (i.e., concurrent exercise) has become a standard exercise prescription for the elderly, no information is available on its effects on post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in elderly men with hypertension. PurposeTo compare the effects of different types of exercise on PEH in elderly men with hypertension. MethodsTwenty elderly men with essential hypertension participated in three crossover interventions, in random order, and on separate days: a non-exercise control session at seated rest, aerobic exercise performed for 45min, and 45min of concurrent resistance and aerobic exercise consisted of 4 sets of 8 repetitions at 70% 1RM of resistance exercise followed by aerobic exercise on treadmill. After each session, blood pressure (BP) was measured continuously for 1h in the laboratory and for 24h under ambulatory conditions. ResultsDuring the first hour in laboratory, diastolic BP was lower after aerobic (−5mmHg) and concurrent exercise (−6mmHg) in comparison with Control. Day-time diastolic BP was significantly lower after aerobic exercise (−7mmHg) when compared to the control. No significant differences were found among the three experimental sessions for night-time and 24-hour diastolic BP, as well as day-time, night-time and 24-hour systolic BP. ConclusionConcurrent exercise produced acute PEH similar to aerobic exercise but such effect did not last as long as aerobic exercise in elderly patients with essential hypertension.