Exercise Control Research Articles

The effectiveness of video-based exercise training program for people with intellectual disability: a multicenter study.

To examine the effectiveness of a specially designed video-based exercise program in promoting physical and balance performance in people with intellectual disability. This study was a multicenter controlled trial. Participants with intellectual disability were divided into exercise group and control group by cluster sampling. The participants in the exercise group received 1 h exercise training sessions twice a week for 8 weeks, and the controls continued their usual care without exercise training. The exercises were specially designed to match the physical ability level of the participants classified as high and low, and a third group called "special" was designed for those wheelchair-bound persons with limited mobility. Elements of light-tempo music and animation were introduced in the videos to motivate the participants. Recording the exercises in video format makes it easier for the class instructors and participants to perform the exercises together, and ensure consistency across different exercise groups conducted in different centers. Each participant underwent the pre- and post-intervention assessment including 30-s chair stand repetitions, five-time chair stand duration, 4-m comfortable walk time, standing static balance level, 6-min walk test, and short physical performance battery score. These variables were compared within each group at pre- and post-intervention stages, and they were also compared between the two groups. A total of 180 participants were enrolled in 16 subcenters, including 160 participants in the exercise group and 20 participants in the control group. After 8 weeks of exercise training, there were significant improvements in their physical performance including 30-s chair stand repetitions and five-time chair stand duration, 4-m comfortable walk time and also 6-min walk test, within the exercise group (all P < 0.05). Approximately 39% of the participants in the exercise group also showed significant improvement in standing static balance level. No significant differences were found when compared with the control group participants who did not have any regular exercise participation. A specially designed video-based exercise program has demonstrated some positive effects on physical and balance performance after 8 weeks of training among adults with intellectual disability.

Effects of a combined exercise and dietary intervention on body composition, physical functioning and fatigue in patients with ovarian cancer: results of the PADOVA trial.

Guidelines recommend to include exercise and dietary advice in standard care for patients with cancer, based on evidence primarily derived from patients with breast cancer. Its applicability to patients with ovarian cancer is uncertain due to differences in patient characteristics and treatments. The PADOVA trial examined the effectiveness of a combined exercise and dietary intervention on fat-free mass (FFM), physical functioning, and fatigue. In total, 81 patients with ovarian cancer were randomised to the exercise and dietary intervention (n = 40) or control (n = 41) group. Measurements were performed before chemotherapy, after chemotherapy, and 12 weeks later. FFM was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and physical functioning and fatigue were assessed using questionnaires. Intervention effects were assessed on an intention-to-treat basis using linear mixed models. FFM and physical functioning increased, and fatigue decreased significantly over time in both groups. No significant difference between the groups were found for FFM (β = -0.5 kg; 95% CI = -3.2; 2.1), physical functioning (β = 1.4; 95% CI = -5.4; 8.3) and fatigue (β = 0.7; 95% CI = -1.5; 2.8). During treatment, both groups improved in FFM, physical functioning, and fatigue. The intervention group, however, did not demonstrate additional benefits compared to the control group. This highlights the need for caution when extrapolating findings from different cancer populations to patients with ovarian cancer.

Indigenous Peoples in French Guiana: will France ever recognize their right to self-determination, land, territory, biodiversity and Free, Prior and Informed Consent?

French Guiana, located in South America, hosts over 10,000 Indigenous Peoples, principally the Kali’na Tileuyu, Lokono and Pahikweneh, Wayãpi, Teko and Wayana people. Despite making up around 4% of the total population, Indigenous Peoples in French Guiana continue to face systematic challenges in being able to fully enjoy their human rights and rights as Indigenous Peoples. As an overseas territory of France, French Guiana falls under the governance of France and is fully integrated as an overseas department, separate from other overseas territories such as New Caledonia. This full integration has classified Indigenous Peoples as French People, making it not only difficult to get estimates of the actual number of Indigenous Peoples in French Guiana as the French Constitution prohibits ethnic statistics, but also prevent the ability of Indigenous Peoples to obtain their right to self-determination and control over their own land as provided in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). Therefore, this paper will discuss the violations of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples committed by France that hinders their attainment to their fundamental freedoms and basic human rights. To do so, this paper will firstly begin by discussing the implementation of the UNDRIP in French Guiana in reference to several articles. In explaining the various articles, it will demonstrate how the French government’s recent actions continue to lead to the destruction of Indigenous territories and threaten their survival. Moreover, this paper will focus on articles 3, 10, 25, 29 which pertain to the right to self-determination, the right to land and territories, and the right to protect biodiversity. These rights alongside the right to Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) should allow Indigenous Peoples to exercise control over decisions that essentially affect not only their way of life but also their existence, particularly considering the history of Indigenous Peoples that have frequently been the “first victims of development activities.”

Crosstalk between neurovegetative control, bone status and physical exercise: clinical use of a unitary autonomic nervous system index in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

Crosstalk between neurovegetative control, bone status and physical exercise: clinical use of a unitary autonomic nervous system index in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

Abstract PO1-19-06: Physical exercise during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer as a mean to increase pathological complete response rates: the randomized Neo-ACT trial

Abstract Introduction In early breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is increasingly used. The proof of efficacy is pathologically complete response (pCR), i.e. the absence of invasive tumour in breast and lymph nodes at surgery. Today, pCR is a common endpoint in pharmaceutical trials since it is significantly associated with survival especially in triple-negative and HER2-positive subtypes. Apart from the mitigation of treatment-related toxicity and symptoms, physical exercise mediates anti-tumoral systemic effects associated with tumour regression in preclinical and clinical models. The aim of Neo-ACT is to test the hypothesis that physical exercise can improve pCR rates in breast cancer patients receiving NACT. Method The Neo-ACT trial is an international prospective clinical trial, randomising T1-3N0-2 breast cancer patients planned for NACT to either a home-based physical exercise intervention supported by a mobile application or routine care. The primary endpoint is pCR; secondary endpoints are patient-reported quality of life, toxicity-related outcomes, and oncological outcomes such as Residual Cancer Burden, objective radiological tumour response, as well as overall, breast cancer-specific and disease-free survival at 2, 5 and 10 years. The intervention consists of a combination of high-intensity interval and resistance training of progressing intensity, and includes two weekly 60-min exercise sessions plus at least 150 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week. The Neo-ACT has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov on January 11, 2022 (NCT05184582). Statistical methods Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion. It is anticipated that the rate of the primary endpoint pCR will be approximately 30% in the control arm (all subtypes). We aim to increase the rate of pCR in the experimental arm to 40%, i.e. a 10 percentage points increase, which is regarded clinically relevant since it would translate into improved disease-related outcomes. With a power of 80% and an alpha of 5%, a total of 712 patients have to be included; 356 in each arm. Accounting for a drop-out of 10%, we aim to include 790 patients. Stratification at the moment of computerized randomization is based on site of treatment (hospital) and biological tumour subtype (ER+HER2-, ER+HER2+, ER-HER2+, ER-HER2-). All outcomes will primarily be analysed using an intention-to-treat approach, i.e. all study subjects will belong to the treatment group (exercise intervention or control) they were assigned to, disregarding compliance. As sensitivity analysis, all outcomes will also be analysed using a per-protocol approach, meaning that participants in the intervention group who comply with less than 65% of the prescribed physical exercise program, and participants who complete less than 40% of the planned neoadjuvant systemic therapy (around two 3-weekly courses) will be excluded from analysis. Present accrual The Neo-ACT trial has started enrolment at the first site in December 2022 and since then initiated a further five Swedish and one Finnish site. Until June 15, 2023, 26 participants had been randomized in the trial. A feasibility questionnaire is distributed via the EUBREAST network which officially supports this trial and has added the designation EUBREAST12-R. Further participating sites can be accommodated depending on volume, competing trials and language requirements for the mobile application. Contact: jana.de-boniface@ki.se Citation Format: Jana de Boniface, Cecilia Haddad Ringborg, Renske Altena, Yvonne Wengström. Physical exercise during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer as a mean to increase pathological complete response rates: the randomized Neo-ACT trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO1-19-06.

THE EFFECT OF INTRA-INFUSION EXERCISE ON CHEMOTHERAPY SIDE EFFECTS; AN INTERIM ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION Chemotherapy treatment results in side effects that impact quality of life and physical activity behaviours. Aerobic exercise in parallel with chemotherapy reduces side effects particularly fatigue and improves quality of life. Our recent clinical pilot work has shown that an acute bout of aerobic exercise increases blood flow to tumours. Therefore, if exercise is performed during chemotherapy (intra-infusion exercise), the result may be increased drug delivery and treatment efficacy. Intra-infusion exercise also provides a supervised opportunity to overcome patient-reported barriers to exercise during a period where a patient would be otherwise sedentary. AIM: The aim of this ongoing randomised controlled trial is to determine the effects of aerobic intra-infusion exercise on chemotherapy side effects and physical activity behaviours. METHODS Adults under 75 years receiving chemotherapy with stage I-III breast, colorectal or ovarian cancer, and ECOG 0-2 were eligible. Four chemotherapy sessions were included, cycle 1 (C1) a baseline and cycles 2-4 (C2-4) included exercise intervention or usual care. The exercise task was 20-minutes of moderate intensity cycling (40-50% heart rate reserve) during infusion. All participants received exercise education. A 7-day symptom diary (including Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS)) was completed following C1-C4 and an activity monitor worn. RESULTS Nineteen participants have completed the trial (79% female), with no adverse events reported in either group. Physical symptoms increased across cycles in both groups (p=0.003). 1-week mean ESAS physical symptoms total in the exercise group (C1 16±9.8, C4 23±13.7) and control group (C1 18±7.1, C4 23±12.7) were similar. No significant effects were seen for fatigue or step count. CONCLUSION Intra-infusion exercise is safe and does not increase side effects in patients receiving chemotherapy. Expected increases in physical symptoms were observed without difference between usual care and exercise. Further analysis with ongoing recruitment will continue to examine any differences between groups.

POTENTIAL IMPACT OF EXERCISE UPON SYMPTOM BURDEN IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS UNDERGOING CANCER TREATMENT

INTRODUCTION Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) experience vast symptom burden resulting from cancer treatment-related toxicities (TRTs). Evidence supports exercise to mitigate several TRTs in other cohorts, however evidence in AYAs is lacking. Conventional reporting of TRTs adopts a maximum grade approach failing to recognise the trajectory over time or lower grade toxicities. Alternatively, longitudinal analysis of toxicities over time (ToxT) may provide clinically meaningful summaries of this data. We evaluated the longitudinal impact of an exercise intervention on TRTs in AYAs undergoing cancer treatment. METHODS A prospective, randomised trial allocated participants to a 10-week exercise intervention (EG) or control group (CG) undergoing usual care. Detailed information on TRTs was collected throughout the intervention. All TRTs were graded per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0). RESULTS Forty-three (43) participants (63% male, mean age 21.1 years) were enrolled. When categorised to reflect the maximal worst grade experienced (Grade 0, Grade 1-2 and ≥Grade 3), the CG reported an increased incidence of severe fatigue (≥Grade 3) compared with the EG (p=0.05). No other differences between groups were evident (p&amp;gt;0.05). ToxT analysis of the four most common toxicities (fatigue, pain, nausea and mood disturbances) demonstrated no difference in the mean grade of each over time (p&amp;gt;0.05). Additionally, area under the curve (AUC) analysis revealed trends towards a higher magnitude of fatigue (mean AUC 12.5 vs 11.1 p=0.11) and mood disturbances (mean AUC 7.2 vs 5.7 p=0.28) over time in the CG. No differences were evident for pain and nausea between groups (p&amp;gt;0.05). CONCLUSION A 10-week exercise intervention reduces the severity of fatigue in AYAs undergoing treatment. While the ToxT approach provided insight into the toxicity profile, adequately powered studies are needed to better understand these differences within a homogeneous sample

Obesity Phenotypes and Dental Calculus in Young Adults: CHIEF Oral Health Study.

The study aimed to examine the association of obesity phenotypes with dental calculus. Obesity has been recognized as a risk factor for kidney and gallbladder stones formation and periodontitis. We have investigated the association between obesity, metabolic risk factors, and dental calculus, which is a sequela following periodontitis. This study included 5,281 military members, aged 19-45 years, without antihypertensive medications in Taiwan. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥27.5 kg/m2, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the modified ATP III criteria. Supragingival calculus in any teeth, except for impacted teeth and the third molar, was the outcome of interest. Multiple linear regression analysis with adjustments for age, sex, toxic substance use, brushing teeth frequency, and blood leukocyte counts, was used to determine the association of obesity with dental calculus numbers. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between obesity with or without MetS and the presence of any dental calculus. BMI was positively correlated to dental calculus numbers [β and confidence intervals (CI) = 0.023 (0.014, 0.032)]. Compared to the obesity(-)/MetS(-) group, there were dosedependent associations for the obesity(-)/MetS(+), obesity(+)/MetS(-), and obesity(+)/MetS(+) groups with the presence of any dental calculus [odds ratios (ORs): 1.08 (0.76, 1.53), 1.31 (1.08, 1.58), and 1.51 (1.20, 1.90), respectively]. Of the metabolic risk factors, abdominal obesity and hypertension were independently associated with dental calculus [ORs: 1.33 (1.13, 1.55) and 1.30 (1.11, 1.52), respectively]. This study suggests general obesity as an independent risk factor for dental calculus formation, and MetS, particularly the components of abdominal obesity, and hypertension may also increase the prevalence of dental calculus. Diet control and regular exercise might be preventive measures for the development of both obesity and dental calculus.

Metabolic dysfunction in the myocardium three months after exertional heat stroke in mice

In humans, exposure to heat stroke has proven to be a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease later in life. We hypothesized that exposure to exertional heat stroke (EHS) would result in the development of similar long-term cardiac disease in mice. In this study we followed mice for three months after EHS, using ultrasound imaging of the heart, metabolomics and histological analysis of ventricular tissue and biomarker analysis after 4 weeks of recovery. Methods: Mice were instrumented with temperature telemetry devices and were trained to run on forced running wheels using an incremental exercise protocol. EHS mice ran in an temperature elevated environmental chamber; females 37.5°C; males 34°C; whereas, matched exercise control mice (EXC) ran in 22-23°C. Running stopped when EHS mice reached symptom limitation (unconsciousness). The mice were followed for 12 wks post EHS, with two ultrasound measures at 2 and 10 wks of recovery. At the end of the study, mice were anesthetized, a blood sample drawn, and ventricular tissue collected for metabolomics. RESULTS: Male but not female EHS mice gained ~10% greater body mass compared to EXC over the course of recovery ( P&lt;0.01). Hearts from male but not female EHS mice exhibited elevations in heart mass per tibia length ( P&lt;0.01). At three months, metabolomics in male EHS hearts revealed significant elevations in glucose and glucose metabolites and significant decreases in acylcarnitines consistent with a metabolic shift toward glucose and away from lipid metabolism. In contrast, female hearts exhibited fewer abnormalities but with significant elevations in lipid and arachidonate metabolites. At two weeks post, there were no differences in male ultrasound measures between EHS and EXC mice but in females there was a reduced posterior wall velocity ( P=0.012) and a trend towards narrower posterior wall thickness ( P= 0.06) . Between 2 and 12 wks post EHS, there were significant elevations in fractional shortening in males ( P&lt;0.05) and elevations in posterior wall velocity ( P&lt;0.01). In contrast, females exhibited significant reductions posterior wall velocity. From blood samples, male EHS mice had increased HDL and females exhibited decreased HDL (p&lt;0.01 in both). LDL increased only in males P&lt;0.05. Vascular adhesion molecules sICAM ( P&lt;0.01) and Pecam1 ( P&lt;0.01) were significantly decreased in EHS males and females and e-Selectin was decreased in EHS males only ( P&lt;0.001). Total serum protein was significantly reduced in both male and females ( P&lt;0.01). Male EHS mice also exhibited significant elevations in white blood cell count and total lymphocytes ( P=0.01) suggesting ongoing activation of the immune system . CONCLUSIONS: In this controlled preclinical model of EHS, both male and female mice exhibited long-lasting cardiovascular and systemic disorders that could account for the lingering incidence of cardiovascular disease and poor overall health in heat stroke victims. Supported by US Army Med. Research and Devel. Command BA180078 and the BK and Betty Stevens Endowment. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Cardiovascular and Hematological Responses to Simulated Dynamic Apnea in Breath Hold Divers

The mammalian dive reflex, characterized by bradycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction, occurs in all mammals, including humans, in response to apnea or facial submersion in water. However, the dive reflex to a single, maximal effort dynamic apnea (DYN), and how it compares to a time-matched exercise control trial (EX), has not been studied. We examined the hypotheses that, when compared to EX, (a) the magnitude of the cardiovascular response, including reduced heart rate (HR), increased systolic-, diastolic-, and mean arterial- pressure (SBP, DBP, and MAP, respectively) would be greater during DYN, and; (b) red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) would also all be elevated following DYN. Twenty-three (F=6) apnea divers performed a maximal DYN and time-matched EX on a swimming ergometer without facial submersion. For the DYN protocol, participants were instructed to exercise maximally while holding their breath which the EX trial was then time and distance matched. Trial duration was similar between DYN (126±7s [mean±SE]) and EX (126±7s;P&gt;0.3), however the change in venous lactate (DYN 1.8±0.3mmol/l, EX: 0.2±0.2mmol/l) and peripheral oxygen saturation (DYN: -15±3%, EX: -1.8±0.5%;p&lt;0.05, both comparisons) were greater during DYN compared to EX. During DYN ΔSBP (DYN: 107±6mmHg, EX: 45±6 mmHg), ΔDBP (DYN: 46±3mmHg, EX: 17±3mmHg) and ΔMAP (DYN: 66±3mmHg EX: 26±3mmHg) were increased compared to EX, while ΔHR was greater during EX (DYN: -24±5bpm, EX: 36±5bpm;p&lt;0.0001, all comparisons). Similarly, the change in estimated stroke volume was further reduced in DYN (DYN: -15.2±3.3mL, EX: -1.0±3.3m;p&lt;0.005) while Δcardiac output was reduced during DYN (-2.9±0.4l/min) and elevated during EX (2.9±0.4l/min;p&lt;0.0001). The change in RBCs (DYN: 0.20±0.04x106 cells/μL, EX: 0.06±0.04x106 cells/μL) and Hct (DYN:1.7±0.3%, EX:0.5±0.3%) were greater during DYN than EX (p&lt;0.02, both comparisons), whereas ΔHb (DYN: 4.0±0.9g/dL, EX: 1.9±0.8g/dL) and spleen volume (DYN: -9.1±7.4cm3, EX:-8.3±6.4cm3;P&gt;0.1, both comparisons) was comparable between the two trials. There was a main effect of sex for ΔDBP (Female: 36±3mmHg, Male: 27±2mmHg), and ΔMAP (Female: 52±5mmHg, Male: 40±3mmHg) indicating that females overall had a greater blood pressure response to both DYN and EX (p&lt;0.05, both comparisons). Together, these data indicate that DYN elicits a greater cardiovascular and hematological response than EX alone, likely due to the combined activation of the metabo- and chemo-reflex during DYN. The mechanism(s) that may elicit greater changes in blood pressure response to DYN and EX in females when compared to males warrant future investigation. NSERC, University Research Chair. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Assessing the Immediate Effects of Detached Mindfulness on Repetitive Negative Thinking and Affect in Daily Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectivesRepetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a problematic thinking style that is related to multiple mental disorders. Detached mindfulness is a technique of metacognitive therapy that aims to reduce RNT. Our study set out to investigate the immediate effects of detached mindfulness in daily life.MethodsParticipants with elevated trait RNT (n = 50) were prompted to engage in detached mindfulness exercises three times a day for 5 consecutive days. Immediate effects on RNT and affect were assessed 15 and 30 min after each exercise using experience sampling methodology. We compared the effects of this exercise phase to (1) a 5-day non-exercise baseline phase and (2) a different group of participants that engaged in an active control exercise (n = 50).ResultsResults of Bayesian multilevel models showed that, across groups, improvements in RNT, negative affect, and positive affect were stronger during the exercise phase than during the non-exercise baseline phase (RNT after 15 min: b = -0.26, 95% CI = [-0.38, -0.14]). However, the two exercise groups did not differ in these improvements (RNT after 15 min: b = 0.02, 95% CI = [-0.22, 0.27]). Thus, the detached mindfulness and the active control exercises resulted in similar effects on RNT and affect in daily life.ConclusionsResults of this study imply that there was no additional benefit of having participants observe their thoughts detached and non-judgmentally, compared to excluding these assumed mechanisms of action as done for the active control group. We discuss possible reasons for the non-difference between the groups.PreregistrationThis study was preregistered at https://osf.io/rze64.

Differences In The Effect Of Motor Control Exercise And William Flexion Exercise On Pain In Low Back Pain Miogenic Patients At Ambalat Sesko Tni Clinic, Bandung

Changes in the background needs and welfare of human life have led to a shift in modern lifestyle patterns. The growing population has resulted in increased work productivity, along with various types of work activities and a rise in complaints of symptoms like low back pain. Low back pain, or lower back pain, is a complaint where the pain can be local pain (inflammation) or radicular pain in the lower back. This pain can radiate to other areas, or the pain can be felt in the lower back, or it can be felt on a different side of the body from the center of the pain and can be felt in a variety of ways. Occupation is one of the factors causing LBP. Incorrect work postures, for example, sitting static for a long time and not using ergonomic sitting positions, are one of the factors in the occurrence of LBP (WHO, 2013). The purpose of this research is to find out if there is a comparison of the differences in the effect of motor control exercise and William flexion exercise on pain in myogenic low back pain patients at the Ambalat Sesko TNI Bandung clinic in 2023. The design in this study was a quasi-experiment with a control approach of two groups, pre-test and post-test, used to compare two independent groups, namely group I (motor control exercise) and group II (William flexion exercise). The research location was at the Ambalat clinic, Sesko TNI, with a total sample of 20 people. The research data was carried out using the normality test with the Shapiro-Wilk test. After the data was normally distributed, a hypothesis test was carried out using the independent paired sample t-test to obtain a p-value of 0.901 &gt; (? = 0.05). The results of the analysis showed that the intervention of motor control exercise and William flexion exercise had the same effect on reducing pain, and there was no significant difference between giving myogenic low back pain at the Ambalat Sesko TNI Bandung clinic in 2023.

The information, control, and value models of mobile health-driven empowerment.

Mobile health tools are often said to empower users by providing them with the information they need to exercise control over their health. We aim to bring clarity to this claim, and in doing so explore the relationship between empowerment and autonomy. We have identified three distinct models embedded in the empowerment rhetoric: empowerment as information, empowerment as control, and empowerment as values. Each distinct model of empowerment gives rise to an associated problem. These problems, the Problem of Interpretation, the Value Alignment Problem, and the Priority Problem, show that mobile health tools in their current form are either insufficient for empowerment or are self-defeating. These digital health technologies encourage users to adopt an individualized conception of autonomy, one that may weaken the doctor-patient relationship and undermine practices in shared decision making, and ultimately may not deliver on improving the health outcomes for those that need it the most.

Exercise-induced changes in central sensitization outcomes in individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Temporal summation of pain (TSP) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) are the two most commonly used clinical measures of central sensitization (CS). However, the effectiveness of exercise on TSP and CPM has yet to be evaluated. This review aims to investigate the effect of exercise alone on CS outcomes in individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro and Cochrane databases were searched. Data were extracted based on the exercise modality and grouped into aerobic, resistance, isometric, or motor control modalities. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB2, RoB2 for crossover trials and ROBINS-I tools. Quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted, with subgroup analysis conducted for each exercise modality. The meta-analyses included thirteen studies, consisting of eight non-randomized studies, three randomized controlled trials and three randomized crossover trials. Data were categorized into four subgroups for analyses based on exercise modality. No statistically significant effect existed for both TSP and conditioned pain modulation. However, motor control exercise was found to have a significant enhancing effect on conditioned pain modulation. No significant differences were found between the exercise subgroup for both TSP and conditioned pain modulation. We did not find an overall effect of physical exercise on TSP and CPM. However, subgroup analysis shows favourable effects of motor control exercise in individuals with chronic neck pain. Future research should focus on exercise modality and dosage and their role in the mechanism involved in TSP and CPM in predefined populations. Results from this study found that motor control exercise has a significant enhancing effect on conditioned pain modulation, with subgroup analysis showing favourable effects of motor control exercise in individuals with chronic neck pain. This indicates that physical exercise may have a positive effect on central sensitisation in individual with chronic neck pain. However, differential effects may exist between different types of exercise. These findings will inform understanding of neurobiological effects underlying chronic neck pain and may guide the development of more effective, personalised treatments.

Thermodynamics and kinetics of interconversion between platinum nanoparticles and cations in zeolites

In metal-containing zeolites, sintering and redispersion processes exercise control over the identity of metal site structures, but the thermodynamic and kinetic factors that influence these molecular-level processes are not completely understood. Here, we assess the ability of first principles informed free energy models (for supported and unsupported nanoparticles) and kinetic models integrating Ostwald ripening with atom trapping to describe the interconversion between Pt cations and nanoparticles encapsulated in chabazite (CHA) zeolites. Density functional theory-derived thermodynamic phase diagrams show that the interconversion between cations, favored in oxidizing environments, and particles, favored in reducing environments, is fully reversible within a wide range of their respective conditions (temperatures and pressures) for CHA and several other zeolite topologies. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of Pt redispersion are consistent with experimentally observed redispersion kinetics of encapsulated Pt nanoparticles in CHA zeolites, and model results suggest the zeolite host imparts additional stability for Pt nanoparticles. We envision our thermodynamic and kinetic models for Pt-CHA are also capable of describing nanoparticle and cation interconversions for other zeolite frameworks under similar conditions.

Study protocol: exercise training for treating major depressive disorder in multiple sclerosis

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent, yet sub-optimally treated among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). We propose that exercise training may be a promising approach for treating depression in persons with MS who have MDD. Our primary hypothesis predicts a reduction in depression severity immediately after an exercise training intervention compared with minimal change in an attention control condition, and the reduction will be maintained during a follow-up period.MethodsThis study involves a parallel-group, assessor-blinded RCT that examines the effect of a 4-month home-based exercise training intervention on depression severity in a sample of persons with MS who have MDD based on the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The primary outcomes of depression severity are the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Participants (N = 146) will be recruited from within 200 miles of the University of Illinois at Chicago and randomized (1:1) into either a home-based exercise training condition or control condition with concealed allocation. The exercise training and social-contact, attention control (i.e., stretching) conditions will be delivered remotely over a 4-month period and supported through eight, 1:1 Zoom-based behavioral coaching sessions guided by social-cognitive theory and conducted by persons who are uninvolved in screening, recruitment, random assignment, and outcome assessment. We will collect outcome data at 0, 4 and 8 months using treatment-blinded assessors, and data analyses will involve intent-to-treat principles.DiscussionIf successful, the proposed study will provide the first Class I evidence supporting a home-based exercise training program for treating MDD in persons with MS. This is critical as exercise training would likely have positive secondary effects on symptoms, cognition, and quality of life, and provide a powerful, behavioral approach for managing the many negative outcomes of MDD in MS. The program in the proposed research is accessible and scalable for broad treatment of depression in MS, and provides the potential for integration in the clinical management of MS.Trial registrationThe trial was registered on September 10, 2021 at clinicaltrials.gov with the identifier NCT05051618. The registration occurred before we initiated recruitment on June 2, 2023

The potential impact of exercise upon symptom burden in adolescents and young adults undergoing cancer treatment

PurposeAdolescents and young adults (AYAs) experience vast symptom burden resulting from cancer treatment-related toxicities (TRTs). Evidence supports integrated exercise to mitigate several TRTs in other cohorts; however, evidence in AYAs is lacking. Conventional reporting of TRTs adopts a maximum grade approach failing to recognise the trajectory over time, of persistent, or lower grade toxicities. Alternatively, longitudinal analysis of toxicities over time (ToxT) may provide clinically meaningful summaries of this data. We evaluated the longitudinal impact of an exercise intervention on TRTs in AYAs undergoing cancer treatment.MethodsA prospective, randomised trial allocated participants to a 10-week exercise intervention (EG) or control group (CG) undergoing usual care. Detailed information on TRTs was collected throughout the intervention. All TRTs were graded per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0).ResultsForty-three (43) participants (63% male, mean age 21.1 years) were enrolled. When categorised to reflect the maximal worst grade experienced (Grade 0, Grade 1–2 and ≥ Grade 3), the CG reported an increased incidence of severe fatigue (≥ Grade 3) compared with the EG (p = 0.05). No other differences between groups were evident (p > 0.05). ToxT analysis of the four most common toxicities (fatigue, pain, nausea and mood disturbances) demonstrated no difference in the mean grade of each over time (p > 0.05).ConclusionA 10-week exercise intervention reduces the severity of fatigue in AYAs undergoing treatment. While the ToxT approach provided insight into the toxicity profile, adequately powered studies are needed to better understand these differences within a homogenous sample.Trial registration(ACTRN12620000663954) 10th June 2020.

Decreased pancreatic amylase activity after acute high-intensity exercise and its effects on post-exercise muscle glycogen recovery.

Our prior results showed that an acute bout of endurance exercise for 6h, but not 1h, decreased pancreatic amylase activity, indicating that acute endurance exercise may affect carbohydrate digestive capacity in an exercise duration-dependent manner. Here, we investigated the effects of acute endurance exercise of different intensities on mouse pancreatic amylase activity. Male C57BL/6J mice performed low- or high-intensity running exercise for 60min at either 10 (Ex-Low group) or 20m/min (Ex-High group). The control group comprised sedentary mice. Immediately after acute exercise, pancreatic amylase activity was significantly decreased in the Ex-High group and not the Ex-Low group in comparison with the control group. To determine whether the decreased amylase activity induced by high-intensity exercise influenced muscle glycogen recovery after exercise, we investigated the rates of muscle glycogen resynthesis in Ex-High group mice administered either oral glucose or starch solution (2.0mg/g body weight) immediately after exercise. The starch-fed mice exhibited significantly lower post-exercise glycogen accumulation rates in the 2-h recovery period compared with the glucose-fed mice. This difference in the glycogen accumulation rate was absent for starch- and glucose-fed mice in the sedentary (no exercise) control group. Furthermore, the plasma glucose AUC during early post-exercise recovery (0-60min) was significantly lower in the starch-fed mice than in the glucose-fed mice. Thus, our findings suggest that acute endurance exercise diminishes the carbohydrate digestive capacity of the pancreas in a manner dependent on exercise intensity, with polysaccharides leading to delayed muscle glycogen recovery after exercise.

КРИТЕРИИ ОЦЕНИВАНИЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ПОДГОТОВЛЕННОСТИ СОТРУДНИКОВ МЧС РОССИИ

As part of the research of this article, a comparative analysis of the results of the level of physical fitness of employees of the State fire service Academy of EMERCOM of Russia and the evaluation criteria in the control exercise «shuttle run 10 by 10 meters» was carried out. The purpose of this study is to create prerequisites for the qualitative formation of physical qualities of employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia through the proposed recommendations for creating a more objective system of criteria for assessing physical qualities in the control exercise «shuttle run 10 by 10 meters».

Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Penentuan Kontrak Gross Split Sektor Minyak Dan Gas Di Indonesia

As a solution to the problem of the Cost Recovery production sharing contract system, the Government of Indonesia through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources issued Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia Number 08 of 2017 concerning Gross Split Production Sharing Contracts. This new regulation is motivated by the low number and length of time it took for oil and gas reserves to be discovered, accompanied by Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP) for the upstream oil and gas sector which continues to decline. The Gross Split production sharing contract scheme also offers a reduction in bureaucracy in investing which is expected to attract investors to carry out exploration and exploitation in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the legal principles related to Gross Split regulations in the aspect of improving the investment climate for upstream oil and gas and analyze the new role of the Oil and Gas Special Task Force as an institution appointed by the state to exercise control and supervision of the activities of Cooperation Contract Contractors in Sharing Contracts.