Exercise Experience Research Articles

Attitude and influencing factors on exercise in patients with moderately to severely active inflammatory bowel disease: a qualitative study

ObjectivesTo explore the attitudes towards exercise, factors influencing exercise and exercise-related needs of patients with moderately to severely active inflammatory bowel disease.DesignA qualitative phenomenological research.SettingThe study was conducted at a...

Changing tides in Zambian television broadcasting: Digital migration and Chinese engagement

This paper examines the recent shifts and debates in the organization of the television landscape following the implementation of digital migration in Zambia. It ponders Zambia’s experience in the digital migration exercise, playing particular attention to the country’s interaction with the Chinese company, StarTimes. It discusses the implications of this interaction on ownership and control in the new digitalized television landscape, highlighting the political economic implications on the broadcast sector. The paper also highlights various debates relating to local broadcasting policy in a digitalized environment and offers a timely contribution to the growing academic interest in Chinese involvement and interactions with African media.

The agency domain and behavioral interactions: assessing positive animal welfare using the Five Domains Model.

Animal welfare denotes how an animal experiences their life. It represents the overall mental experiences of an animal and is a subjective concept that cannot be directly measured. Instead, welfare indicators are used to cautiously infer mental experiences from resource provisions, management factors, and animal-based measures. The Five Domains Model is a holistic and structured framework for collating these indicators and assessing animal welfare. Contemporary approaches to animal welfare management consider how animals can be given opportunities to have positive experiences. However, the uncertainty surrounding positive mental experiences that can be inferred has resulted in risk-averse animal welfare scientists returning to the relative safety of positivism. This has meant that aspects of positive welfare are often referred to as animal 'wants'. Agency is a concept that straddles the positivist-affective divide and represents a way forward for discussions about positive welfare. Agency is the capacity of individual animals to engage in voluntary, self-generated, and goal-directed behavior that they are motivated to perform. Discrete positive emotions are cautiously inferred from these agentic experiences based on available knowledge about the animal's motivation for engaging in the behavior. Competence-building agency can be used to evaluate the potential for positive welfare and is represented by the Behavioral Interactions domain of the Five Domains Model. In 2020, The Model was updated to, amongst other things, include consideration of human-animal interactions. The most important aspect of this update was the renaming of Domain 4 from "Behavior" to "Behavioral Interactions" and the additional detail added to allow this domain's purpose to be clearly understood to represent an animal's opportunities to exercise agency. We illustrate how the Behavioral Interactions domain of The Model can be used to assess animals' competence-building agency and positive welfare. In this article, we use the examples of sugar gliders housed in captivity and greyhounds that race to illustrate how the agentic qualities of choice, control, and challenge can be used to assess opportunities for animals to exercise agency and experience positive affective engagement.

Relationship Between Muscle Dysmorphia and other Factors with Supplement Consumption Among Selected Gym Members in Jakarta

Ergogenic supplements can enhance exercise performance. However, many gym members use them without consulting professionals such as nutritionists/dietitians, increasing the risk of adverse effects. This study investigates the consumption of ergogenic supplements and factors associated with them among members of selected fitness centers in Jakarta. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 116 participants from 3 fitness centers in Jakarta. The independent variables studied were Muscle Dysmorphia, Exercise Addiction, self-esteem, body image, age, gender, exercise duration, exercise experience, exercise intensity, and social media exposure. Data was collected via interviews based on a prepared questionnaire. Results showed that 67.2% of the respondents had used ergogenic supplements, with the majority using whey protein for muscle enhancement reasons. The main sources of information were friends (39.7%) and the internet (37.2%). The chi-square test showed a significant relationship between male gender (OR = 3.055; 95%CI: 1.298—7.188), exercise experience of 7—12 months (OR = 5.4; 95%CI: 1.621—17.991), and >1 year (OR = 5.091; 95%CI: 1.910—13.571) with supplement consumption. In conclusion, this study unveils a high prevalence of ergogenic supplement consumption, particularly whey protein for muscle enhancement, among fitness center members.

The relationship of exercise and cancer-related fatigue in patients with advanced liver cancer: a cross-sectional study

There is increasing interest in understanding exercise as a potential treatment for cancer-related fatigue (CRF); however, rarely research has been conducted on more aggressive cancers with short survival, such as liver cancer. The purpose of this study was to provide educational ideas for insufficient exercise and provide clues for the design of effective and safe exercise intervention programs with high compliance in patients of advanced liver cancer in the future. Participants were recruited from a tertiary cancer hospital using convenience sampling. All participants were asked to complete self-report questionnaires that assessed their medical and demographic variables, exercise habits and CRF during their hospitalization in the interventional department. Spearman’s correlation analysis and Nonparametric test was used to explore correlations between exercise subgroups and CRF. The Baron and Kenny’s Approach was used to investigate the mediating effect of exercise index between P-EX and CRF. 207 out of 255 participants were enrolled in this study, with an average age of 55.4 years. The CRF score was 33 (28, 36), and 93.2% had insufficient exercise. Exercise frequency (≥ 3 Times/week) (Z = 4.34, p = 0.037) and maintaining exercise trend (Z = 15.85, p = 0.001) had a positive effect on CRF. P-EX had a great impact on exercise index and affecting CRF directly. Participants in the study showed serious fatigue and insufficient exercise. Exercise education can be initiated earlier, particularly those without regular exercise experience. Sustained light exercise, compliant with exercise habits and interests, three times a week may be a practical way to reduce the risk of CRF in advanced liver cancer.

What I see and what I feel: the influence of deceptive visual cues and interoceptive accuracy on affective valence and sense of effort during virtual reality cycling.

How we feel during exercise is influenced by exteroceptive (e.g., vision) and interoceptive (i.e., internal body signals) sensory information, and by our prior experiences and expectations. Deceptive visual cues about one's performance during exercise can increase work rate, without negatively impacting affective valence (good/bad responses) or perceived exertion. However, what is less understood is whether the perception of the exercise experience itself can be shifted, if work rate is held constant. Here we aimed to investigate whether deceptive vision-via illusory hills in a virtual reality (VR) cycling experience-alters affective valence and perceived exertion when physical effort is controlled. We also evaluated whether the accuracy with which one detects interoceptive cues influences the extent to which deceptive visual information can shift exercise experiences. A total of 20 participants (10 female; 30.2 ±11.2yrs) completed three VR cycling conditions each of 10-min duration, in a randomised, counterbalanced order. Pedal resistance/cadence were individualised (to exercise intensity around ventilatory threshold) and held constant across conditions; only visual cues varied. Two conditions provided deceptive visual cues about the terrain (illusory uphill, illusory downhill; resistance did not change); one condition provided accurate visual cues (flat terrain). Ratings of affective valence (Feeling Scale) and of perceived exertion (Borg's RPE) were obtained at standardised timepoints in each VR condition. Interoceptive accuracy was measured via a heartbeat detection test. Linear mixed effects models revealed that deceptive visual cues altered affective valence (f2 = 0.0198). Relative to flat terrain, illusory downhill reduced affective valence (Est = -0.21, p=0.003), but illusory uphill did not significantly improve affective valence (Est = 0.107, p=0.14). Deceptive visual cues altered perceived exertion, and this was moderated by the level of interoceptive accuracy (Condition-Interoception interaction, p=0.00000024, f2 = 0.0307). Higher levels of interoceptive accuracy resulted in higher perceived exertion in the illusory downhill condition (vs flat), while lower interoceptive accuracy resulted in lower perceived exertion in both illusory hill conditions (vs flat) and shifts of greater magnitude. Deceptive visual cues influence perceptual responses during exercise when physical effort does not vary, and for perceived exertion, the weighting given to visual exteroceptive cues is determined by accuracy with which interoceptive cues are detected. Contrary to our hypotheses, deceptive visual cues did not improve affective valence. Our findings suggest that those with lower levels of interoceptive accuracy experience most benefit from deceptive visual cues, providing preliminary insight into individualised exercise prescription to promote positive (and avoid negative) exercise experiences.

Navigating a New Normal: Perceptions and Experiences of an Online Exercise Program for Older Adults During COVID-19.

Online exercise programming has surged in popularity; however, little is known about older adults' perceptions and experiences of online exercise. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine older adults' (aged 59-82years) experiences and perceptions of an online exercise program during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nineteen individuals (individuals who used the online exercise program and those who did not) completed a semistructured interview. Three main themes were generated from the data using reflexive thematic analysis: (a) can online exercise really work for older adults? (b)technology attitudes and experiences influence online participation, and (c)barriers and advantages of the online exercise program and the home environment. Most participants who took part were able to overcome initial barriers through technical support and experience. Our findings highlight ways to promote advantages and address barriers of online exercise for older adults and emphasize the importance of fostering social experiences and training online exercise instructors.

Kontribusi Social Support dari Rekan Satu Tim Terhadap Burnout Atlet Futsal

Researchers have found that the maladaptive experience of exercise called burnout is a determining factor in athletes' athletic development and performance. To reduce or mitigate the burnout phenomenon, research examines the relationship between social support provided by teammates and athlete burnout in futsal players. This research is expected to find aspects of social support that have the greatest role in preventing athletes' burnout experiences. This type of research is descriptive correlation. The sample used was 20 UKM Futsal UPI athletes who had participated in national competitions. Social support was measured using the Social Provisions Scale and adapted to refer specifically to teammates as a source of support and athlete burnout was measured using the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. Based on the research results, it found that social support and burnout had a correlation coefficient of -0.490 with a Sig value. of 0.028. This means that there is a negative correlation between social support and burnout in futsal athletes. And based on the regression test carried out, the attachment aspect of social support is the most dominant aspect in preventing burnout in futsal athletes.

Testing the moderative role of automatic-reflective affect divergence in predicting physical activity

Dual process theories postulate that behaviour is the product of two distinct cognitive systems, the automatic and reflective, and that congruence/divergence between the two types of cognitions can influence the predictive strength of either system on behaviour. However, the congruence/divergence hypothesis has yet to experience strong empirical support. The aim of this study was to test a novel dual process model to determine the moderating effect of affect divergence on the relationship between automatic affective evaluations-affective judgements, and physical activity. A sample of 315 university students recruited from an undergraduate research pool completed the Affective Misattribution Procedure and Affective Exercise Experiences Questionnaire, followed by a measure of physical activity behaviour one week later. A path analysis revealed a significant moderation effect such that the predictive strength of affective judgements was stronger when participants’ automatic affective evaluations and affective judgements were congruent. Findings support current dual process theory and contributes to calls for more interventions, such as evaluative conditioning that target automatic processes alongside consciously held beliefs.

An Artificial Intelligence Exercise Coaching Mobile App: Development and Randomized Controlled Trial to Verify Its Effectiveness in Posture Correction.

Insufficient physical activity due to social distancing and suppressed outdoor activities increases vulnerability to diseases like cardiovascular diseases, sarcopenia, and severe COVID-19. While bodyweight exercises, such as squats, effectively boost physical activity, incorrect postures risk abnormal muscle activation joint strain, leading to ineffective sessions or even injuries. Avoiding incorrect postures is challenging for novices without expert guidance. Existing solutions for remote coaching and computer-assisted posture correction often prove costly or inefficient. This study aimed to use deep neural networks to develop a personal workout assistant that offers feedback on squat postures using only mobile devices-smartphones and tablets. Deep learning mimicked experts' visual assessments of proper exercise postures. The effectiveness of the mobile app was evaluated by comparing it with exercise videos, a popular at-home workout choice. Twenty participants were recruited without squat exercise experience and divided into an experimental group (EXP) with 10 individuals aged 21.90 (SD 2.18) years and a mean BMI of 20.75 (SD 2.11) and a control group (CTL) with 10 individuals aged 22.60 (SD 1.95) years and a mean BMI of 18.72 (SD 1.23) using randomized controlled trials. A data set with over 20,000 squat videos annotated by experts was created and a deep learning model was trained using pose estimation and video classification to analyze the workout postures. Subsequently, a mobile workout assistant app, Home Alone Exercise, was developed, and a 2-week interventional study, in which the EXP used the app while the CTL only followed workout videos, showed how the app helps people improve squat exercise. The EXP significantly improved their squat postures evaluated by the app after 2 weeks (Pre: 0.20 vs Mid: 4.20 vs Post: 8.00, P=.001), whereas the CTL (without the app) showed no significant change in squat posture (Pre: 0.70 vs Mid: 1.30 vs Post: 3.80, P=.13). Significant differences were observed in the left (Pre: 75.06 vs Mid: 76.24 vs Post: 63.13, P=.02) and right (Pre: 71.99 vs Mid: 76.68 vs Post: 62.82, P=.03) knee joint angles in the EXP before and after exercise, with no significant effect found for the CTL in the left (Pre: 73.27 vs Mid: 74.05 vs Post: 70.70, P=.68) and right (Pre: 70.82 vs Mid: 74.02 vs Post: 70.23, P=.61) knee joint angles. EXP participants trained with the app experienced faster improvement and learned more nuanced details of the squat exercise. The proposed mobile app, offering cost-effective self-discovery feedback, effectively taught users about squat exercises without expensive in-person trainer sessions. Clinical Research Information Service KCT0008178 (retrospectively registered); https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/24006.

Physical Activity and Exercise Experience in Spanish and US Men with Fibromyalgia: A Qualitative Cross-Cultural Study.

Physical exercise is an indispensable element in the multidisciplinary treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The present study examined if men diagnosed with FMS engaged in any type of physical activity or exercise, the perceived effects from exercise, and who specifically recommended exercise. A qualitative cross-cultural study was performed in fibromyalgia clinical units in Spain and the United States. A total of 17 participants, 10 men from Spain and 7 men from the US, were included. In Spain, a focus group was completed in two parts, one month apart in 2018. In the US, five individual interviews and one joint interview with two men were completed in 2018. Three central themes appeared in the qualitative data: (1) Understanding what constitutes physical activity or exercise, (2) Facilitating or discouraging the performance of physical exercise, and (3) Effects of physical activity or exercise on psychological and social symptoms. The actual practice of exercise by patients with FMS is often perceived as leading to pain and fatigue, rather than a treatment facilitator. Physical activity and exercise can provide benefits, including relaxation, socialization, and increased muscle tone. However, minor opioids limit physical activity as they cause addiction, drowsiness, and decrease physical activity in Spanish men. Recommendations in a clinical setting should incorporate exercise as well as physical activity via daily life activities.

Do Past Positive Or Negative Experiences Of Exercise And Sports Affect Current Exercise Participation?

Do Past Positive Or Negative Experiences Of Exercise And Sports Affect Current Exercise Participation?

The influence of sport motivation on college students' subjective exercise experience: a mediation model with moderation.

The degree to which an individual experiences a positive emotional state after exercise is a measurement of how much enjoyment sports bring to the individual. This can also be seen as the individual's essential motivation for engaging in sports, and an indirect means of improving the individual's physical health. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the factors that affect college students' subjective exercise experience and their effecting mechanism, thereby providing a basis for promoting college students' positive emotional experience after exercise. A questionnaire survey on 600 college students was conducted to examine the mediating effect of sport-confidence on the relationship between college students' sport motivation and their subjective exercise experience, and to investigate whether this process is moderated by the feelings of inadequacy. The indirect effect of sport-confidence was significant (95% CI [0.133, 0.276]), and the index of moderated mediation Bootstrap 95% CI [0.003, 0.017] did not contain 0. The results indicated that: (1) sport-confidence had a partial mediating effect between college students' sport motivation and their subjective exercise experience; (2) the mediating effect of sport-confidence was moderated by the feelings of inadequacy, and the feelings of inadequacy moderated the latter half path of the mediating process of sport motivation - sport-confidence - subjective exercise experience. Therefore, the influence of college students' sport motivation on their subjective exercise experience is a moderated mediating model.

'I saw it as a marriage-You can't have one without the other': A qualitative study of patient and physiotherapist experiences with a therapeutic combined strength and aerobic physical activity exercise programme for hip osteoarthritis.

To explore physiotherapist and patient experiences with, and acceptability of, a 12-week physiotherapist-guided combined strength and aerobic physical activity exercise programme for hip osteoarthritis (OA). A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 13 people with hip OA and four physiotherapists. Patients underwent a 12-week home exercise programme customised by weekly visits with one of the four physiotherapists. The programme aimed for patients to participate in 150min of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity, and 20-30min of strengthening exercise 2-3 times per week in concordance with American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) dosage guidelines. Following the programme, patients and physiotherapists participated in individual semi-structured interviews to explore the acceptability of the exercise programme and barriers and facilitators to participation. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using a thematic approach. Five over-arching themes (supporting subthemes) were identified from both patient and physiotherapist interviews: (i) positive outcomes (functional improvements, pain relief, empowerment through experience, commitment to continue); (ii) combined benefits of aerobic and strength exercises (complimentary effects, strengthening exercises key); (iii) valuing support from the physiotherapist (personalised care, skill performance feedback, coach effect, accountability); (iv) motivation and opportunity for exercise (positive symptom loop, integration into daily routine, prior exercise experience, Fitbit motivation); and (v) time-consuming commitment (physiotherapy visit frequency, travel inconvenience, time for exercise). Experiences of participants in this study indicate that, although time-consuming, a combined aerobic physical activity and strengthening programme prescribed at ACSM dosage guidelines is acceptable and confers positive outcomes in individuals with hip OA.

Perceptions and experiences of exercise among pregnant women

IntroductionThough exercise during pregnancy can yield important maternal benefits, most pregnant women in China do less aerobic exercise than is currently recommended. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of physical exercise among pregnant women and to identify perceived barriers to and facilitators of exercise participation. MethodsPurposive sampling was used to recruit 40 pregnant women attending prenatal visits at an obstetrics outpatient department of a tertiary general hospital in Southern China. Individual semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with the verbatim transcripts analyzed through content analysis. ResultsThree main themes emerged from the data: perceptions and patterns of exercise; concerns and hesitations about participating in exercise; and determinants of adoption and maintenance of exercise participation. Though pregnant women recognised their need for physical exercise instruction, their demands remained unmet due to a combination of factors such as lack of knowledge, confidence, and support, and concerns about safety. DiscussionThe findings of this study suggest that the provision of tailored exercise programs for pregnant women, which include education, reassurance, motivational strategies, and lay and professional support, may help improve knowledge, allay concerns, boost confidence, and bolster support when doing physical exercise.

Running High: Cannabis Users' Subjective Experience of Exercise During Legal Market Cannabis Use Versus No Use in a Naturalistic Setting.

Background: The use of cannabis with various forms of exercise (e.g., running) has received increased media attention in recent years, contradicting the popular stereotype that cannabis is associated with sedentary behavior. Although cross-sectional evidence suggests a positive association between cannabis use and exercise engagement, to date, the acute effects of cannabis on exercise remain unclear. Methods: The present within-subjects crossover study compared participants' experiences of running after ad libitum use of legal market cannabis (cannabis run) to running without cannabis (non-cannabis run) in a real-world setting. Participants (n=49) were cannabis users between the ages of 21 and 49 years (mean=30.82, standard deviation [SD]=6.21). The majority of participants were male (61.5%) and non-Hispanic White (81.6%). Results: Participants (n=49) ran an average of 3.88 miles (SD=2.28) during their cannabis and non-cannabis runs. Although participants ran an average of 31 seconds/mile slower during their cannabis run, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.12). Participants reported experiencing (1) less negative affect (p=0.03), (2) greater feelings of positive affect (p<0.001), tranquility (p=0.004), enjoyment (p=0.004), and dissociation (p=0.001), and (3) more runner's high symptoms (p<0.001) during their cannabis (vs. non-cannabis) runs. Participants also reported lower pain levels after their cannabis (vs. non-cannabis) run (p=0.03). Perceived exertion did not differ between runs (p=0.33). Cannabis form, cannabinoid content, and feelings of "high" were largely unrelated to participants' experience of exercise while under the influence of cannabis. Conclusions: Results suggest that acute cannabis use may be associated with a more positive exercise experience among regular cannabis users. Research using varied methodologies, a range of exercise modalities, and diverse populations is needed to establish the long-term harms and benefits associated with this behavior, as well as the generalizability of these findings to other populations and settings.

A systematic narrative review of extrinsic strategies to improve affective responses to exercise.

Extrinsic strategies affect the exercise experience but fall outside the frequency, intensity, time, and type (i.e., dose-determining) principles. To our knowledge, no systematic review has focused on extrinsic strategies to influence the affective responses to exercise. The objective was to identify extrinsic strategies that seek to influence affective responses during exercise and other motivationally relevant variables including post-exercise momentary affective valence, remembered and forecasted pleasure, and enjoyment. For inclusion, eligible articles reported peer-reviewed original research, used acute bouts of exercise, and used a dimensional approach for measuring affective responses or measured enjoyment post-exercise. Web of Science, PubMed, and PsychINFO databases were last searched on 10th September 2021. Quality assessment was completed following the Effective Public Health Practice Project approach. Results were presented using a narrative synthesis. 125 studies were included with sample descriptions, study design (extrinsic strategies, mode, type, intensity, and duration), measurement details, and results summarised for each study. 71% of studies were categorised as Weak according to the quality assessment tool with sampling practices (self-referred participants) and poor reporting of participant withdrawals/drop-outs the predominant reasons for Weak ratings. A wide variety of extrinsic strategies were reported with music, music videos, immersive virtual reality, outdoor exercise, caffeine, high-to-low pattern of exercise intensity, self-selected exercise intensity, and manipulation of self-efficacy offering promise as suitable strategies to positively change how people feel during exercise. https://osf.io/jbh8v/.

Motivational Correlates of Exercise Behavior Among College Students

The purpose of this research was to explore the relations between basic psychological needs satisfaction (autonomy, relatedness, perceived competence), intrinsic motivation, attraction toward exercise, and exercise behavior among college students. In this study, 128 participants (including 91 women and 36 men, mean age: 24 ± 7 years) responded to a questionnaire assessing basic psychological needs satisfaction (autonomy, competence, relatedness), intrinsic motivation, attraction (vs. antipathy) toward exercise, and exercise behavior. Frequency of aerobic exercise, frequency of resistance exercise, and total aerobic exercise behavior are positively associated with autonomy, competence, relatedness, intrinsic motivation, and attraction toward exercise. Three exploratory mediation analyses suggest that attraction (vs. antipathy) toward exercise mediates the relation between intrinsic motivation and exercise behavior. Taken together, these data support and extend previous research on the importance of motivationally relevant variables, including autonomy, competence, relatedness, intrinsic motivation, and affective exercise experiences.

Effects of COVID-19 Mandates on College Students’ Exercise Experiences and Psychosocial Health

Based on the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there has been a 25% increase in anxiety and depression worldwide, especially among young adults and women who were hit the worst, due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Exercise participation has several health benefits, including improved mental health and well-being during covid-19. Additionally, the highest levels of health and well-being are observed among those with the highest levels of autonomy. Given that autonomy and free will were significantly limited during the Covid-19 pandemic, the purpose of this study was to examine how covid-19 mandates influenced college students’ exercise experiences and psychosocial health. The participants included 13 ethnically diverse undergraduate students (females = 10; males = 3; Asian = 5; Latino/Hispanic = 4; Caucasian = 3; Native American = 1) of varied educational backgrounds. This was a phronetic, qualitative study within two university (U) settings: one on the West Coast (WU) and the other in the South (SU). Based on the phronetic analysis, three themes emerged regarding the effects of lockdowns, heavy screen use, and mask mandates. In the first theme, most students, especially those with longer stay-at-home mandates (WU), expressed decrements in or complete cease of exercise participation. In the second theme, a few students found more time to socialize and reflect on their well-being. In the third theme, negative psychosocial experiences (especially in WU) were reported like depression, anxiety, and challenges in social relationships. Kinesiology experts and public health officials should reconsider covid-19 mitigation measures by respecting human agency.

실내체육관에서 청각장애인의 운동기구 이용에 관한 사용성평가

This study aimed to derive the requirements for access to exercise equipment for the deaf in indoor gymnasiums. Therefore, a usability evaluation was conducted on the use of muscle strength and aerobic exercise equipment installed in a gym in Gangbuk-gu, Seoul, targeting five men and women aged 19 to 65 years. To proceed smoothly with the research, the researcher and sign language interpreter explained and interviewed the people who are deaf on how to use the exercise equipment. The participants performed the task based on a scenario consisting of four stages: entry-exercise-regulation-exit in the exercise equipment. The researcher observed the process of performing each participant's exercise steps, conducted a postmortem analysis of the images and photos, and conducted a one-on-one interview after the participant's exercise equipment was used. The observational survey confirmed that all people who are deaf who participated in the usability evaluation had difficulty checking and understanding basic exercise information, such as how to use exercise equipment, posture, and risks on their own, regardless of their experience using exercise equipment. In addition, differences in proficiency, such as learning how to use and recognizing risks in using equipment, based on exercise experience were observed. In addition, through a one-on-one interview survey, the need to provide information on risk feedback using visual and tactile senses and correct exercises described in sign language rather than text was derived. The results of this study are intended to be used as basic data for future studies on guidelines for the production of exercise equipment that can be used by individuals who are disabled and those who are not.