Exercise Beliefs Research Articles

Effects of a community-based multicomponent rehabilitation programme for patients with fibromyalgia: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

IntroductionPeople with fibromyalgia (FM) suffer from symptoms such as widespread pain, non-refreshing sleep, fatigue and reduced quality of life. Effects of pharmacological treatment are questionable and non-pharmacological treatments are recommended...

Physical activity barriers, preferences, and beliefs in childhood cancer patients.

Childhood cancer patients report low physical activity levels despite the risk for long-term complications that may benefit from exercise. Research is lacking regarding exercise barriers, preferences, and beliefs among patients (1) on- and off-therapy and (2) across the age spectrum. Cross-sectional study in the Yale Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Clinic (October 2013-October 2014). Participants were ≥ 4years old, > 1month after cancer diagnosis at < 20years, not acutely ill, expected to live > 6months, and received chemotherapy and/or radiation. Participants (or parents if < 13years) completed a survey. The 162 patients (99% participated) were 34% children (4.0-12.9years), 31% adolescents (13.0-17.9years), and 35% adults (≥ 18years). Most had leukemia/lymphoma (66%); 32% were on-therapy. On-therapy patients were more likely than off-therapy patients (73 vs. 48%; p = 0.003) to report ≥ 1 barrier related to physical complaints, such as "just too tired" (46 vs. 28%; p = 0.021) or "afraid" of injury (22 vs. 9%; p = 0.027). The majority preferred walking (73%), exercising at home (91%), exercising in the afternoon (79%), and a maximum travel time of 10-20min (54%); preferences did not vary significantly by therapy status or age. Most respondents (94%) recognized the benefits of exercise after cancer, but 50% of on- vs. 12% of off-therapy patients believed "their cancer diagnosis made it unsafe to exercise regularly" (p < 0.001). Physical activity barriers pertaining to physical complaints and safety concerns were more pronounced in on-therapy childhood cancer patients but persisted off-therapy. Preferences and beliefs were relatively consistent. Our data can inform interventions in different patient subgroups.

The experience of living with patellofemoral pain—loss, confusion and fear-avoidance: a UK qualitative study

ObjectivesTo investigate the experience of living with patellofemoral pain (PFP).DesignQualitative study design using semistructured interviews and analysed thematically using the guidelines set out by Braun and Clarke.SettingA National Health Service...

Barriers and facilitators of physical activity in knee and hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review of qualitative evidence

Physical activity (PA), including engagement in structured exercise, has a key role in the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, maintaining a physically active lifestyle is a challenge...

Exercise beliefs and behaviours of individuals with Joint Hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers–Danlos syndrome – hypermobility type

Purpose: To explore exercise beliefs and behaviours of individuals with Joint Hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers–Danlos syndrome – hypermobility type and to explore patient experiences of physiotherapy.Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire survey design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data from adult members of the Hypermobility Syndromes Association and Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Support UK. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Qualitative data was analysed thematically.Results: 946 questionnaires were returned and analysed. Participants who received exercise advice from a physiotherapist were 1.75 more likely to report high volumes of weekly exercise (odds ratio [OR] = 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30–2.36, p < 0.001) than those with no advice. Participants who believed that exercise is important for long-term management were 2.76 times more likely to report a high volume of weekly exercise compared to the participants who did not hold this belief (OR = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.38–5.50, p = 0.004). Three themes emerged regarding experience of physiotherapy; physiotherapist as a partner, communication – knowledge, experience and safety.Conclusion: Pain, fatigue and fear are common barriers to exercise. Advice from a physiotherapist and beliefs about the benefits of exercise influenced the reported exercise behaviours of individuals with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome – hypermobility type in this survey.Implications for rehabilitationExercise is a cornerstone of treatment for Ehlers–Danlos syndrome/Ehlers–Danlos syndrome – hypermobility type.Pain, fatigue and fear of injury are frequently reported barriers to exercise.Advice from physiotherapists may significantly influence exercise behaviour.Physiotherapists with condition specific knowledge and good verbal and non-verbal communication facilitate a positive therapeutic experience.

Self-efficacy and physical activity among adults with visual impairments

BackgroundAccording to empirical evidence, adults with visual impairments are generally less physically active than their sighted peers, however less is known about what specific motivational factors influence physical activity participation among this population. While research has identified self-efficacy as one important motivational factor for physical activity, no previous research has examined this association among individuals with visual impairments. ObjectiveThe primary purpose of the current study was to examine the association between self-efficacy and physical activity for adults with visual impairments. MethodsA total of 147 participants (Mage = 44.5, 65.2% female) completed three online surveys (i.e., demographic questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form [IPAQ-SF], and Self-Efficacy for Exercise Beliefs [SEEB] scale) and were included in the analysis. MET-min/wk and SE beliefs were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using correlation and multiple regression analyses. ResultsParticipants reported an average of 2799.98 MET-min/wk. Body mass measures showed a mean BMI of 27.59, which was within the overweight range. A positive association (r = 0.29, p < 0.01) was found between self-efficacy and MET-min/wk. A significant amount of variance (10.2%) in MET-min/wk was explained by the overall model. ConclusionsA positive relationship was found between physical activity participation and self-efficacy beliefs, which is aligned with earlier research conducted among individuals without disabilities. This finding underscores the need for further exploration of motivational constructs associated with physical activity engagement among individuals with visual impairments in order to better understand what specific factors impact and can be leveraged to promote physical activity engagement of this population.

“Intermittent claudication a real pain in the calf”—Patient experience of diagnosis and treatment with a supervised exercise program

Intermittent claudication (IC) is a common condition which has severe impacts on quality of life, physical function, and mental health. Supervised exercise is the recommended first-line treatment for patients with this condition; however, these are not always feasible or accessible to patients. As the proportion of patients who have this treatment remains suboptimal, it is important to better understand the perception of exercise in this population. A gap in the literature exists about the barriers and facilitators to exercise in patients completing, dropping out of, or declining an exercise program. A qualitative analysis was undertaken to understand this further. Twenty-five patients were interviewed face to face, 10 who had completed exercise, 10 who had declined, and 5 who had dropped out of an exercise program. Three major themes emerged from the data, IC, and perception to exercise and experience or beliefs of the exercise program.Addressing the barriers and facilitators to exercise in patients with IC is crucial in optimizing the delivery and uptake of exercise programs. More education or time investment is needed with these patients during initial diagnostic to help overcome perceived barriers and emphasis healthy behavioral changes.

Longitudinal associations between exercise identity and exercise motivation: A multilevel growth curve model approach.

Past work linking exercise identity and exercise motivation has been cross-sectional. This is the first study to model the relations between different types of exercise identity and exercise motivation longitudinally. Understanding the dynamic associations between these sets of variables has implications for theory development and applied research. This was a longitudinal survey study. Participants were 180 exercisers (79 men, 101 women) from Greece, who were recruited from fitness centers and were asked to complete questionnaires assessing exercise identity (exercise beliefs and role-identity) and exercise motivation (intrinsic, identified, introjected, external motivation, and amotivation) three times within a 6month period. Multilevel growth curve modeling examined the role of motivational regulations as within- and between-level predictors of exercise identity, and a model in which exercise identity predicted exercise motivation at the within- and between-person levels. Results showed that within-person changes in intrinsic motivation, introjected, and identified regulations were positively and reciprocally related to within-person changes in exercise beliefs; intrinsic motivation was also a positive predictor of within-person changes in role-identity but not vice versa. Between-person differences in the means of predictor variables were predictive of initial levels and average rates of change in the outcome variables. The findings show support to the proposition that a strong exercise identity (particularly exercise beliefs) can foster motivation for behaviors that reinforce this identity. We also demonstrate that such relations can be reciprocal overtime and can depend on the type of motivation in question as well as between-person differences in absolute levels of these variables.

Feasibility intervention to increase exercise outcome expectations among breast cancer survivors.

e21584 Background: Exercise is associated with decreased mortality and recurrence risk and improved quality of life for breast cancer survivors (BCS). Roughly 1/3 of BCS exercise enough to experience these benefits. A promising strategy to increase exercise among BCS is to target outcome expectations (OEs), or what one expects to obtain or avoid from a behavior. OE dimensions include 1) importance – value placed on the outcome(s); 2) certainty - perceived probability outcome(s) will occur; and 3) accessibility – the frequency with which outcome(s) are considered. Methods: This RCT tested the feasbility and effects of a self-directed booklet designed to increase OEs and exercise. It was created in collaboration with BCS who successfully use exercise to manage long term side effects. OEs were measured through online surveys and exercise was measure with a Fitbit accelerometer. Data was collected at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post intervention. Feasibility was defined as the extent to which participants made use of intervention materials and was assessed through 9 researcher related questions. Results: The sample is mean age of 58, 74% white, 26% black, an average 2.5 years post treatment and about 1/3 take an AI or SERM. The booklet “somewhat” (mean = 3.24, SD = 1.8 on 1-5 Likert scale) made use of the booklet, as intended. OEs increased 0.01 points over time in the intervention arm, compared to the control arm ( p = 0.3555); 0.4 points more for black participants compared to white ( p = 0.0003); 0.2 points per every unit of increased exercise self-efficacy ( p &lt; 0.0001), and 0.01 points per month participants were closer to their time of cancer surgery ( p = 0.0037). Intervention arm participants increased their weekly steps by 970, every 4 weeks, compared to participants in the control arm ( p = 0.0283). Conclusions: Overall the intervention was well received by participants, had positive effects on OEs and exercise and can easily be translated into practice with need for minimal resources. Significant differences were noted for black compared to white participants, thus it is necessary to understand racial differences in exercise beliefs when designing future exercise interventions. Clinical trial information: NCT02348710.

여가스포츠 참가자의 성별에 따른 운동신념, 운동중독, 정서의 영향관계 검증

여가스포츠 참가자의 성별에 따른 운동신념, 운동중독, 정서의 영향관계 검증

Validity of Exercise Measures in Adults with Anorexia Nervosa: The EDE, Compulsive Exercise Test and Other Self‐Report Scales

Compulsive exercise is a prominent feature for the majority of patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), but there is a dearth of research evaluating assessment instruments. This study assessed the concurrent validity of the exercise items of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) and Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q), with the Compulsive Exercise Test (CET) and other self-report exercise measures in patients with AN. We also aimed to perform validation of the CET in an adult clinical sample. The sample consisted of 78 adults with AN, recruited for the randomized controlled trial "Taking a LEAP forward in the treatment of anorexia nervosa." At baseline, participants completed the EDE, EDE-Q, CET, Reasons for Exercise Inventory (REI), Commitment to Exercise Scale (CES) and Exercise Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ). Correlational and regression analyses were performed. EDE exercise days and exercise time per day were positively correlated with each other and with all CET subscales (except Lack of exercise enjoyment), CES mean, EBQ total and REI total. Exercise time per day was associated with a higher EDE global score. The CET demonstrated good concurrent validity with the CES, the REI and the EBQ. Of the self-reports, the CET explained the greatest variance in eating disorder psychopathology and demonstrated good to excellent reliability in this sample. The EDE and EDE-Q demonstrated good concurrent validity with the CET. Further research is required to evaluate the CET's factor structure in a large clinical sample. However, the CET has demonstrated strong clinical utility in adult patients with AN. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:533-541).

Community-based Rehabilitation Training after stroke: protocol of a pilot randomised controlled trial (ReTrain)

IntroductionThe Rehabilitation Training (ReTrain) intervention aims to improve functional mobility, adherence to poststroke exercise guidelines and quality of life for people after stroke. A definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) is...

Effects of audio and visual priming on prosocial behavior.

Priming may be a means to increase prosocial behavior, and past research suggests that individuals with higher levels of altruistic beliefs may be more susceptible to different forms of priming. The extent and circumstances in which priming influences prosocial behaviors are not well understood. We expanded upon a previous successful conceptual replication of Howard, Nelson, and Sleigh (2011), in which prosocial behavior was not influenced by a written priming exercise or altruism beliefs. The current study attempted to further examine if altering the presentation format of the priming condition to a visual/audio example would alter prosocial behaviors. A brief video/audio clip was created for each of the four priming conditions (needed help, received help, gave help, and control) using a car with a flat tire scenario. After watching one of the four videos, participants were presented with a request to perform a prosocial altruistic behavior. Results from 164 participants indicated no significant findings regarding the influences of visual/audio priming, and altruism belief scores on prosocial behavior, &amp;#967;2(3, n=155)=6.48, p=.09, and F(3, 149)= 0.39, p=.376, respectively. Therefore using a brief written or visual/audio priming activity did not influence prosocial behaviors, and altruism belief scores were not indicative of the likelihood of prosocial behavior. Overall, women were significantly more likely than men to offer assistance, and interestingly, empathy scores, but not altruism belief scores, were related to prosocial behavior. Future research should further elucidate if, and how, other activities could influence prosocial behaviors.

Feasibility and effect of in-home physical exercise training delivered via telehealth before bariatric surgery

Optimal physical activity (PA) interventions are needed to increase PA in individuals with severe obesity, and optimize the results of bariatric surgery (BS). The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and effect of Pre-Surgical Exercise Training (PreSET) delivered in-home via telehealth (TelePreSET) in subjects awaiting BS. Six women following the TelePreSET were compared to the women from a previous study (12 performing the PreSET in a gymnasium and 11 receiving usual care). In-home TelePreSET (12-weeks of endurance and strength training) was supervised twice weekly using videoconferencing. Physical fitness, quality of life, exercise beliefs, anthropometric measures and telehealth perception were assessed before and after 12-weeks. Satisfaction was evaluated with questionnaires at the end of the intervention. The TelePreSET participants attended 96% of the exercise sessions, and were very satisfied by the TelePreSET. The baseline telehealth perception score was high, and increased significantly after the intervention. The TelePreSET group significantly increased their physical fitness compared to the usual care group. No significant change was noted in other outcomes. The TelePreSET is feasible and seems effective to improve the physical fitness of women awaiting BS. Further studies are needed to confirm beneficial effects of this innovative mode of delivery.

Impacts of Supervised Exercise Training in Addition to Interdisciplinary Lifestyle Management in Subjects Awaiting Bariatric Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Study.

Experts recommend physical activity (PA) to optimize bariatric surgery (BS) results. However, evidence on the effect of PA before BS is missing. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of adding a Pre-Surgical Exercise Training (PreSET) to an interdisciplinary lifestyle intervention on physical fitness, quality of life, PA barriers, and anthropometric parameters of subjects awaiting BS. Thirty candidates for BS (43.2 ± 9.2years, 47.5 ± 8.1kg/m2) have been randomized in two groups: one group following the PreSET (endurance and strength training) and another receiving usual care. Before and after 12weeks, we assessed physical fitness with a battery of tests (symptom-limited exercise test, 6-min walk test (6MWT), sit-to-stand test, half-squat test, and arm curl test), quality of life with the laval questionnaire, and PA barriers with the physical exercise belief questionnaire. One control group subject abandoned the study. Subjects in the PreSET group participated in 60.0% of the supervised exercise sessions proposed. Results showed significant improvements in the 6MWT (17.4 ± 27.2 vs. -16.4 ± 42.4m; p = 0.03), half-squat test (17.1 ± 17.9 vs. -0.9 ± 14.5s; p = 0.05), arm curl repetitions (4.8 ± 2.3 vs. 1.0 ± 4.1; p = 0.01), social interaction score (10.7 ± 12.5 vs. -2.1 ± 11.0%; p = 0.02), and embarrassment (-15.6 ± 10.2 vs. -3.1 ± 17.8%; p = 0.02) in completers (n = 8) compared to the non-completers (n = 21). No significant difference between groups in BMI and other outcomes studied was observed after the intervention. Adding a PreSET to an individual lifestyle counselling intervention improved physical fitness, social interactions, and embarrassment. Post-surgery data would be interesting to confirm these benefits on the long term.

Exercise addiction in CrossFit: Prevalence and psychometric properties of the Exercise Addiction Inventory

IntroductionCrossFit is a mix of aerobic and anaerobic exercise regimes with the stated goal of improving fitness and physical performance. It is growing in popularity and has a strong community known to motivate and push the participants to maximal performance. The negative consequences of these extreme exercise patterns have rarely been described. The prevalence of injuries in CrossFit is high but exercise addiction and harmful exercise attitudes have not yet been assessed. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of exercise addiction in CrossFit and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) in a CrossFit population. MethodsWe invited crossfitters to participate in an online survey using Facebook groups. A total of 603 regular crossfitters completed the EAI and additional questions concerning exercise amounts and negative exercise attitudes and beliefs. We used principal component analyses and structural equation models to test the psychometric properties of the EAI and to describe the characteristics of the addicted crossfitters. ResultsWe found that 5% of the crossfitters were addicted to exercise and that young males had a higher risk. The EAI had good internal reliability (0.73) and construct validity. Thus we found significant positive associations between exercise addiction and the tendency to exercise in spite of injury, feelings of guilt when unable to exercise, passion turning into obsession and taking medication to be able to exercise. ConclusionsExercise addiction is prevalent in CrossFit and needs further exploration. The EAI is recommended for research in CrossFit communities and applied settings.

Impact of the clinical Pilates exercises and verbal education on exercise beliefs and psychosocial factors in healthy women.

[Purpose] Exercise is one of the most important components of a healthy life. The purpose of this study was to analyze exercise beliefs and psychosocial factors in sedentary and active healthy women and observe the changes in these parameters resulting from clinical Pilates exercises and verbal education in healthy women. [Subjects and Methods] Sixty-six healthy women were included in the study. Participants were divided into clinical Pilates (n=21), verbal education (n=25), and control groups (n=20). Prior to and at the end of the study, demographic information, body mass index, waist-hip circumference, exercise beliefs, physical activity index, and psychosocial factors (Rosenberg self-esteem scale, Body Cathexis Index, SF-36 quality of life, Beck Depression Scale, visual analog scale for tiredness) of the subjects were recorded. [Results] Meaningful changes for all the parameters took place in the clinical Pilates and verbal education groups. Our analyses indicated that the changes in the clinical Pilates group were more meaningful than those in the verbal education group. When the data of the study groups were compared with those of the control group, the clinical Pilates group showed meaningful differences. [Conclusion] The result of this study indicate that both clinical Pilates and verbal education are effective in changing exercise beliefs and physical and psychosocial parameters.

The Power of Believing: Salient Belief Predictors of Exercise Behavior in Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Pregnant Women.

Nearly 50% of U.S. women enter pregnancy as overweight or obese (OW/OB). There is a critical need to understand how to motivate OW/OB pregnant women for exercise behavior to improve their health and reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. To examine salient Theory of Planned Behavior belief predictors of normal weight (NW) and OW/OB pregnant women's exercise behavior (EXB) across pregnancy. Pregnant women (N = 357) self-reported their exercise beliefs and behavior during each pregnancy trimester. Pearson correlations were used to examine exercise beliefs-behavior associations. Stepwise regressions were used to identify trimester (TRI) 1 and TRI 2 belief predictors of TRI 2 and TRI 3 EXB, respectively, for each weight status group. Belief endorsement was examined to identify critical beliefs. TRI 1 EXB beliefs explained 58% of the total variance (22% NW, 36% OW/OB) in TRI 2 EXB. TRI 2 EXB beliefs explained 32% of the total variance (17% NW, 15% OW/OB) in TRI 3 EXB. Individual beliefs varied by weight status and trimester. Control beliefs emerged with the lowest endorsement; making them most critical to target for exercise interventions. Prenatal exercise interventions should be weight status specific and target salient beliefs/barriers unique to the pregnancy trimesters.

Activity-related parenting practices: development of the Parenting Related to Activity Measure (PRAM) and links with mothers' eating psychopathology and compulsive exercise beliefs.

This is a two-study paper that developed a measure to assess parenting practices related to children's physical activity and explored maternal predictors of such parenting practices. Study 1: A self-report measure of parents' activity-related practices (the Parenting Related to Activity Measure) was developed, and a principal component analysis was carried out using data from 233 mothers of 4.5- to 9-year-old children. The results supported a six-factor model and yielded the following subscales: Responsibility/monitoring; Activity regulation; Control of active behaviours; Overweight concern; Rewarding parenting; and Pressure to exercise. Study 2: Mothers (N = 170) completed the Parenting Related to Activity Measure, alongside measures of eating psychopathology and compulsive exercise, to identify predictors of activity-related parenting practices. Mothers' eating psychopathology and exercise beliefs predicted activity parenting practices with their sons and daughters, but different predictors were seen for mothers of daughters versus sons. Mothers' eating and exercise attitudes are important predictors of their activity-related parenting practices, particularly with girls. Identifying early interactions around activity/exercise could be important in preventing the development of problematic beliefs about exercise, which are often a key symptom of eating disorders. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

Understanding narrative effects in physical activity promotion: the influence of breast cancer survivor testimony on exercise beliefs, self-efficacy, and intention in breast cancer patients.

Research in health communication has shown that narratives contribute more positively to changing health behaviors than informational messages. The main purposes of this study were to examine and to compare the effects of two messages promoting physical activity, one narrative and the other informational, on the perceptions and behavioral intentions of cancer patients. A total of 158 women with breast cancer, undergoing chemotherapy and sedentary, were assigned to read the testimony of a breast cancer survivor who had been physically active during and after treatment (TE group), a content-equivalent message composed of expert recommendations about physical activity in breast cancer patients (RE group), or no message (control group). Source trust was higher in TE group than RE group (p < 0.001). Exercise self-efficacy and exercise intention were higher in TE group than RE and control groups (p < 0.001). However, scores in RE group were higher than those of TE group for beliefs about exercise benefits (p < 0.001) and lower than those of TE and control groups for beliefs about exercise risks (p < 0.001). Source trust, exercise self-efficacy, and beliefs about exercise benefits and risks mediated the relationship between the message and exercise intention. The results suggest that narratives may be more effective in improving perceived physical abilities and involvement in physical activity, whereas informational messages seem to be more appropriate to convey the benefits and the absence of risks related to physical activity.