Exemplary Research Research Articles

AI-Enabled marketing capabilities and the hierarchy of capabilities: Conceptualization, proposition development, and research avenues

All marketing capabilities can be enabled by technology. One such technology – artificial intelligence (AI) – holds significant potential for enabling marketing capabilities. While technology-enablement and AI-enablement are frequently discussed in the literature, how technology enables is poorly understood. Therefore, on the foundations of resource-advantage theory’s notion of basic and higher-order capabilities, we clarify enablement in general and AI-enablement in particular for marketing capabilities. Specifically, we (i) integrate literature from the marketing and information systems disciplines to develop conceptualizations of AI, AI-enablement, and AI-enabled marketing capabilities, (ii) integrate literature from marketing, engineering, and computer science to develop a hierarchy of automation framework and conceptualize and delineate how automation undergirds AI’s operations, (iii) develop an integrative framework of AI-enabled marketing capabilities using AI operations, the hierarchy of automation, and the hierarchy of capabilities, and (iv) identify and apply AI’s operations to 30 exemplar marketing and marketing-related capabilities to develop propositions based on commonalities across the exemplar capabilities. In turn, we show how technology in general, and AI in particular, can help firms progress up the hierarchy of capabilities. We conclude with a discussion of the contributions of this research, implications for theory and practice, and future research avenues with exemplar research questions.

Development of Test-Taking Strategies Scale: High School and Undergraduate Form

Test-taking strategies are discussed in the literature as an important factor affecting test scores, and are recommended to be taken into consideration regarding the validity of tests. Although studies have been conducted for more than a quarter of a century, no agreement has yet been reached as to the dimensions of test-taking strategies. The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable test-taking strategies scale for undergraduate and high school students who experience intensive exam periods. In the scale prepared for this purpose, we consider tests containing different item types and focus on pre-test, during-test and post-test strategies, excluding test-preparation. Two separate forms of test-taking strategies at high school (27 items) and undergraduate levels (18 items) were developed using promising measurement theories and models. Results indicated that the Person Separation Index, as a reliability index, was calculated as .88 for the high-school form and .93 for the undergraduate form. This study is significant in presenting valid and reliable tools for measuring test-taking strategies, and is considered an exemplary research that uses Partial Credit Model for Likert-type scale development.

A Comparison of Hypothesis-Driven and Data-Driven Research: A Case Study in Multimodal Data Science in Gut-Brain Axis Research.

Data science, bioinformatics, and machine learning are the advent and progression of the fourth paradigm of exploratory science. The need for human-supported algorithms to capture patterns in big data is at the center of personalized healthcare and directly related to translational research. This paper argues that hypothesis-driven and data-driven research work together to inform the research process. At the core of these approaches are theoretical underpinnings that drive progress in the field. Here, we present several exemplars of research on the gut-brain axis that outline the innate values and challenges of these approaches. As nurses are trained to integrate multiple body systems to inform holistic human health promotion and disease prevention, nurses and nurse scientists serve an important role as mediators between this advancing technology and the patients. At the center of person-knowing, nurses need to be aware of the data revolution and use their unique skills to supplement the data science cycle from data to knowledge to insight.

Integrated Metabolome and Lipidome Strategy to Reveal the Action Pattern of Paclobutrazol, a Plant Growth Retardant, in Varying the Chemical Constituents of Platycodon Root.

Platycodon root, a medicinal food homology species which has been used in Asian countries for hundreds of years, is now widely cultivated in China. Treatment with paclobutrazol, a typical plant growth retardant, has raised uncertainties regarding the quality of Platycodon root, which have been rarely investigated. In the present study, metabolomic and lipidomic differences were revealed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-IM-QTOF-MS). A significant decrease of platycodigenin-type saponins was observed in the paclobutrazol-treated sample. Carrying out a comprehensive quantitative analysis, the contents of total saponins and saccharides were determined to illustrate the mode of action of paclobutrazol on Platycodon root. This study demonstrated an exemplary research model in explaining how the exogenous matter influences the chemical properties of medicinal plants, and therefore might provide insights into the reasonable application of plant growth regulators.

Debate & Diplomacy: Successes, Failures, Consequences

Debate & Diplomacy: Successes, Failures, Consequences

Experimental Research Models to Assess the Cross-Reactivity between Can f 5 and Human PSA-Two Different Perspectives.

The similarity in antigenic structures, including the degree of correspondence between the amino acid sequence and the spatial structure, is not always reflected in the actual cross-reactivity of allergens. Inhibition tests appear to be an invaluable tool for assessing potential cross-reactivity between allergens under natural conditions. In this publication, we present two experimental models of inhibition tests: solid phase (SP-IT) and liquid phase (LP-IT). As an exemplary research model, we used the cross-reactivity between human PSA and anti-Can f 5 IgE antibodies. We performed an SP-IT model using a microplate coated with human PSA. The LP-IT model was based on mixing anti-Can f 5 IgE positive serum with a material containing human PSA. Anti-Can f 5 IgE and PSA concentrations before and after inhibition were measured to evaluate inhibition effectiveness. The results of the performed experiments showed that both proposed models of inhibition tests are an effective tools for studying cross-reactive relationships between antigens. In the SP-IT, the concentration of anti-Can f 5 decreased by 21.6% and, in the LP-IT, it decreased by 34.51%. In turn, the PSA concentration in the SP-IT decreased by 11.25% and, in the LP-IT, it decreased by 15.49%. In conclusion, both the SP-IT and the LP-IT seem to be effective tools for assessing the actual cross-reactivity between different allergens.

Prefiguring an alternative economy: Understanding prefigurative organizing and its struggles

Cooperatives, post-growth organizations, common good organizations, community-supported agriculture, transition towns or ecovillages are examples of alternative forms of organizing economic exchange. Their social practices embody and reproduce alternative moral values to the ones dominating the economy and society. They are regarded as prefigurative: They prefigure an alternative economy, both by creating imaginaries of an alternative future and by showing their viability in their everyday practices. As such, they are important actors for a social transformation of the economy which is also reflected in an increasing scholarship on alternative organizing and prefiguration in organization studies. However, the meaning of prefiguration and prefigurative organizing in this literature is not always made explicit and differs across research work. Furthermore, how prefigurative organizing relates to alternative organizing remains rather vague, as does its close relationship to anarchism. In its first part, this paper therefore informs about the main use of the concept of prefiguration in social movement studies and organization studies and describes the various meanings attached to it in this literature. It then develops a definition of prefigurative organizing that not only allows to differentiate it from alternative organizing but also to reflect its inherently political nature—its intricate linkage to multiple struggles, tensions, and conflicts. In the second part, the paper presents a systematic overview of various types of struggles around prefigurative organizing and briefly introduces each of them with reference to exemplary research. Finally, the paper argues that studying prefigurative organizing involves an alternative praxis in academia.

Application of Mixed Methods in Transdisciplinary Research Projects on Sustainable Mobility

Urban mobility systems are facing far-reaching structural transformations: There is the challenge of managing the growing volume of traffic and the associated environmental and social problems. On the one hand, novel micro-mobility services such as light electric vehicles (LEVs) show high potential for reducing emissions, e.g., through increased energy efficiency. On the other hand, they require change of urban mobility systems, e.g., through increasing shared concepts. The mixed methods approach is considered a good methodology for exploring the transformation of urban mobility systems since it can help to answer both technical and societal questions. Two transdisciplinary projects using the mixed method design were evaluated to improve the research for future mobility. To provide a critical reflection of the projects, a catalog of quality criteria was used to evaluate the research. This catalog was evaluated using structured interviews with project participants from research, practice and civil society. The results show that the combination of applied methods enables a comprehensive multi-perspective sustainability evaluation of urban micro-mobility concepts. The need for an early participatory research design was also evaluated. The result is an exemplary research design and a methodological guideline for the successful application of mixed methods for transformation research in the field of urban mobility systems.

Choose your own adventure: Expanding students’ theoretical and methodological vocabularies

Inspired by “choose your own adventure” books, this unit activity helps students differentiate between ontology, epistemology, axiology, methodology, and method. While completing the activity over two weeks, students apply these concepts to the study of a topic of the instructor’s choosing (illustrated here through the lens of family communication). Students who completed the full unit activity improved their exam performance compared to students in a previous semester who did not. Courses Communication Research, Communication Theory. Objectives Upon completion of this unit, students will be able to (1) apply the concepts ontology, epistemology, axiology, methodology, and method to a research exemplar; (2) differentiate between ontology, epistemology, and axiology; and (3) differentiate between methodology and method.

Harvesting Systems for RF Energy: Trends, Challenges, Techniques, and Tradeoffs

The RFEH design challenges can be broadly classified into overall radio frequency direct current (RF-to-DC) power conversion efficiency (PCE), form factor, operational bandwidth (BW), and compactness. A detailed overview of the essential components of an RFEH system is presented in this paper. Various design approaches have been proposed for the realization of compact RFEH circuits that contribute immensely to mm-wave rectenna design. Effective mechanisms for configuring the rectenna modules based on the recommended spectrums for the RFEH system were also outlined. This study featured a conceptual viewpoint on design tradeoffs, which were accompanied by profound EH solutions perspectives for wireless power communications. The work covers some challenges attributed to 5G EH in mm-wave rectenna: from a controlled source of communication signals to distributed ambient EH and system level design. Conversely, the primary targets of this work are to: (I) examine a wide range of ambient RF sources and their performance with various antennae and RF-rectifier layouts; (II) propose unique rectenna design techniques suitable for current trends in wireless technology; (III) explore numerous approaches for enhancing the rectenna or RF-rectifier efficiency in a low-power ambient environment; and (IV) present the findings of a comprehensive review of the exemplary research that has been investigated. These are aimed toward addressing the autonomous system’s energy challenges. Therefore, with the careful management of the reported designs, the rectenna systems described in this study would influence the upcoming advancement of the low-power RFEH module.

Talking Circle For Young Adults (TC4YA) intervention: a culturally safe research exemplar

Background: As a result of the intergenerational trauma impact and experience, Native Americans continue to exhibit trauma-related issues such as high rates of substance use. After leaving high school, the pressures and stress of continuing an education, finding work/employment, and the responsibilities related to family and tribal community obligations result in the Native American young adult being more vulnerable to substance use. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to report findings of the Talking Circle intervention impact on the outcome variables of Native-Reliance, substance use, stress, and behavioural health, depression, and cumulative trauma. Methods: Native-Reliance was the theoretical underpinning for the study, demonstrating culturally safe research. A pre-test/post-test one-group design was utilised to examine how the Talking Circle intervention influenced the outcome variables. In total, 75 Native American participants, ages 18–24, participated in the Talking Circle intervention sessions. Baseline pre-intervention measures were completed and were repeated at 6-month post-intervention. Results: At 6-month post-intervention, Native-Reliance significantly revealed an increase of 40.55 (t = 22.13, p < .001), sources of stress (SS) revealed a significant decline of 3.68 (t = −18.39, p < .001), behavioural health issues (BH) showed a significant decline of 3.63 (t = −15.36, p < .001), substance-related issues (SR) showed a significant decline of 3.57 (t = −15.24, p < .001), depression (PHQ-9) showed a significant decline of 4.85 (t = −17.02, p < .001), and cumulative trauma revealed a significant decline of 2.77 (t = −13.39, p < .001). Conclusions: The use of a culturally safe Talking Circle intervention evidenced a research approach that resulted in a positive impact on reducing substance use and increasing the well-being of young Native American young adults. Impact Statement: Culturally safer intervention environments are conducive to results in outcomes that are positive and effective.

Архивный поиск в локальной и семейной истории: город Омск и новое в изучении его прошлого

The article is a review of the monograph “The history of the Batyushkins, an Omsk family” by the Omsk historian Dmitry I. Petin. The book was published in Omsk in 2021. Some interesting and important pages of the regional history and culture of the 19th–20th centuries are associated with the Batyushkin family and the so-called Batyushkin’s House (also known as Kolchak’s House). Using the example of the life of this family’s head, Kapiton Batyushkin, the author shows how “social elevator” operated in the Russian Empire of the 19th century. In 1918–19 the Batyushkin’s mansion was the residence of the Supreme Ruler of Russia, Admiral Alexander V. Kolchak. D. I. Petin, an expert in archiving and an experienced researcher, has used documents from many archives, both federal and regional. He has also found valuable information in personal archives. The result is an exemplary research. A wide variety of sources have been used and new sources have been identified; they have been analyzed both in local and national context; methods characteristic of modern research have been used. The monograph contributes to study of microhistory, family history, Siberian local history and culture. The author uses historical and anthropological approach to his material. Twists and turns of human destinies are expounded, involving various historical and cultural data of Omsk and all-Russian pertinence. The book is a valuable contribution to the history and practices of archiving in Western Siberia: firstly, it analyzes many newly found archival sources; and secondly, the Center for Study of the History of the Civil War—scientific and educational unit of the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region—is located in the Batyushkin’s House. History of the functioning of this unique place is also considered in the book.

The Integration of Smart Systems in the Context of Industrial Logistics in Manufacturing Enterprises

The integration of smart systems in industrial logistics can be seen as a major opportunity to strengthen the productivity and international competitiveness of macro- and micro-economic entities within the European Union and on a global scale, as well. Thereby, a smart system can be understood as a system that uses a combination of human-based processes supported by real-time data from actors and sensors by applying an embedded approach. After reflecting on the term smart system, this paper discusses the potential of smart systems integration by focusing on the research area of industrial logistics in manufacturing enterprises. Moreover, the authors present a framework for the usage of smart logistics in manufacturing enterprises. Therefore, based on a literature review and multiple case studies, the authors outline a set of exemplary research initiatives in the field of smart systems integration and discuss preliminary research findings. Finally, future perspectives for both research and practical applications are presented.

Fusion of horizons: Realizing a meaningful understanding in qualitative research

This paper explores a case example of qualitative research that applied productive hermeneutics and the central concept, fusion of horizons. Interpretation of meaning is a fusing of the researchers’ and subjects’ perspectives and serves to expand understanding. The purpose is to illustrate an exemplar of qualitative research without establishing a rigid recipe of methodology. The illustration is based on in-depth observational and textual data from an applied anthropological study conducted in western Alaska with Yup’ik hunters and fishers and government agency employees as they worked towards collaborative management. The metaphor of the hermeneutical circle is showcased to help the reader understand the philosophical underpinnings and the analytical processes used to realize a meaningful interpretation. A series of organizing systems for the interpretation is described, culminating in a final organizing system to communicate a fully realized understanding of collaborative management at the time.

Role of Phytoconstituents as PPAR Agonists: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-γ, PPAR-α, and PPAR-β/δ) are ligand-dependent nuclear receptors that play a critical role in the regulation of hundreds of genes through their activation. Their expression and targeted activation play an important role in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, diabetes, and cancer. In recent years, several reviews have been published describing the therapeutic potential of PPAR agonists (natural or synthetic) in the disorders listed above; however, no comprehensive report defining the role of naturally derived phytoconstituents as PPAR agonists targeting neurodegenerative diseases has been published. This review will focus on the role of phytoconstituents as PPAR agonists and the relevant preclinical studies and mechanistic insights into their neuroprotective effects. Exemplary research includes flavonoids, fatty acids, cannabinoids, curcumin, genistein, capsaicin, and piperine, all of which have been shown to be PPAR agonists either directly or indirectly. Additionally, a few studies have demonstrated the use of clinical samples in in vitro investigations. The role of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a potential model for studying neurodegenerative diseases has also been highlighted.

Zur Aussprache niederländischsprachiger Familiennamen aus dem Bereich des Sports durch polnische Muttersprachler – theoretische Grundlagen und exemplarische Analysen

The aim of the following article is to analyze the pronunciation of Dutch surnames by Polish native speakers. The research material consists of journalistic statements from the communicative-semantic area of sport that are present in public audiovisual mass media. The selected material guarantees the high frequency of its production and the associated perception within the real acts of communication. In particular, the examination includes Dutch sounds which either do not exist in Polish or occur in a different graphical-distributional context. The exemplary research results (the mode of phonetic integration of foreign speech sounds) represent mechanisms that are interpreted in relation to typical communication models. The study also analyzes the potential placement of such phonetic forms in the target language, i.e. Polish.

Behavioral Self-Regulation: A Comparison of Goals and Self-Monitoring for High School Students With Disabilities

High school students, particularly those with disabilities, often struggle with academic engagement in general education classes. One empirically supported method for improving academic engagement includes self-regulation interventions. However, individual effects of frequently used self-regulation strategies’ goal setting and self-monitoring remain unknown. To address this issue, we implemented a multiple-probe single-case design with embedded alternating treatments to evaluate the differential impact of behavioral goal reminders and self-monitoring. The sample consisted of three high school students with emotional or behavioral disorders (EBD) in general education classes who also received special education services. Innovative approaches to intervention design included student-determined behavioral goals and self-monitoring procedures informed by triangulated behavioral assessment data. Although visual analysis indicated only moderate improvements in academic engagement, and no functional relationships were determined for either the multiple-probe or alternating treatments designs, the intervention was rated with high social validity from teachers and students, and the study represents an exemplar of high-quality special education single-case research. Practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

The Empathy Diaries: A Memoir

The Empathy Diaries: A Memoir

Challenges of Cognitive Interviewing in Sensitive Health Topic Research.

Cognitive interviewing is a qualitative methodology for generating valid, reliable patient-centered outcome measures. There are challenges inherent in research on sensitive topics that require thoughtful approach by the scientist for data collection methods, analysis, and interpretation. The purpose of this article is to provide principles of cognitive interviewing for sensitive health topics. We review the challenges inherent in cognitive interviewing for sensitive topics scale development. We illustrate adaptations to general cognitive interviewing for sensitive topics through the presentation and analysis of a research exemplar. Researchers must consider threats to quality of sensitive topic data collection and potential harms to participants and researchers. We provide specific examples of how these risks were mitigated in a sensitive topic scale development study. Unique challenges of cognitive interviewing for sensitive health topics can be addressed with a well-planned data collection strategy, anticipating participant safety concerns, and consideration to researcher well-being.

The reinstrumentalization of theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM) in psychological publications: A citation context analysis

AbstractResearch instruments play significant roles in the construction of scientific knowledge, even though we have only acquired very limited knowledge about their life cycles from quantitative studies. This paper aims to address this gap by quantitatively examining the citation contexts of an exemplary research instrument, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), in full-text psychological publications. We investigated the relationship between the citation contexts of the DSM and its status as a valid instrument being used and described by psychological researchers. We specifically focused on how this relationship has changed over the DSM’s citation histories, especially through the temporal framework of its versions. We found that a new version of the DSM is increasingly regarded as a valid instrument after its publication; this is reflected in various key citation contexts, such as the use of hedges, attention markers, and the verb profile in sentences where the DSM is cited. We call this process the reinstrumentalization of the DSM in the space of scientific publications. Our findings bridge an important gap between quantitative and qualitative science studies and shed light on an aspect of the social process of scientific instrument development that is not addressed by the current qualitative literature.