Executive Order Research Articles

DECISION-MAKING MODELS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN TRANSPORT DELIVERY OF BUILDING MATERIALS

Context. The task of determining a generalized parameter characterizing a comprehensive assessment of the action of criteria affecting the sequence of execution of orders for the manufacture and delivery of products to the customer.
 Objective. The purpose of the work is to develop an algorithm for calculating priorities when solving the problem of transport services in conditions of uncertainty of choice.
 Method. When considering the problem of the efficiency of order fulfillment, the reasons are given that affect the efficiency of the tasks being solved for the delivery of paving slabs to the customer in the shortest possible time. In order to select a scheme that reflects the main stages of decision-making, a justification was carried out and a comparative analysis of existing models was carried out. The criteria for the requirements for describing such models have been determined. It is indicated that the objective function depends on a group of reasons, i.e. represents a composite indicator. The stochastic nature of such factors led to the use of statistical analysis methods for their assessment. The limits of variation of the parameters used in the calculations are established. The solution to the multicriteria problem consists in bringing the role of the acting factors to one unconditional indicator, grouping and subsequent ranking of their values. The decision-making and the choice of the indicator will depend on the set threshold and the priority level of the factor. The indices that form the priority of the factor are determined analytically or expertly. The sequence of actions performed is presented in the form of an algorithm, which allows automating the selection of a model and the calculation of indicators. To assess the adequacy of the proposed solutions, tables of comparative results for the selection of the priority of the executed orders are given.
 Results. The method allows a comprehensive approach to taking into account the heterogeneous factors that determine the order in which the order is selected when making managerial decisions, ensuring the achievement of a useful effect (streamlining the schedule for the delivery of paving slabs to the customer) by ranking the values of priority indices.
 Conclusions. The proposed scheme for the transition to a complex unconditional indicator (priority index) makes it possible to quantitatively substantiate the procedure for choosing the next order when performing work. A special feature is that the list of operating factors can be changed (reduced or supplemented with new criteria). The values of these parameters will improve and have a higher reliability with the expansion of the experimental design, depending on the retrospective of their receipt, the accuracy of the data. As a prospect of the proposed method, the optimization of the process of selecting applications using queuing methods (for the type of the corresponding flow – homogeneous, without consequences, stationary, gamma flow, etc.) can be considered.

Greening the Irish State: early legislative and administrative dynamics

ABSTRACT The establishment of Saorstát Éireann (the Irish Free State) in 1922 did not herald a fundamental overhaul of the administrative machinery inherited from Whitehall and Dublin Castle. Path dependent continuities in legislation and executive orders underpinned the new dispensation. At the same time, a process of evolutionary change, which we call ‘administrative greening’, was underway. Drawing on data in the Irish State Administration Database (ISAD), and building on our analysis in Biggins, J., MacCarthaigh, M., & Scott, C. (2024). Priming the state: Continuity and junctures in the foundation of the Irish administration. Irish Political Studies, 39(2), 162–186, we explore these dynamics of both continuity and change in the formative years of the new state’s public administration. In so doing, we attest to patterns of normative production and reproduction, illustrated with reference to a number of legislative and administrative examples.

A Closer Look at the Biden Administration’s Executive Order on Artificial Intelligence: Implications for the Imaging Space

The Biden Administration recently issued an executive order aimed at establishing a “whole-of-government” regulatory approach to AI products. The Executive Order recognizes the need for interagency coordination when developing frameworks for AI and encourages developers to follow new quality standards. This piece explores the executive order’s provisions and interprets their implications for the radiology space. Developing new radiologic AI tools would now require a more careful balancing act between workflow optimization and risk management, with a host of new required disclosures and mandated design components.

Экосистема как механизм государственно- частного партнерства

This very study considers the background and possibilities of implementation ecosystem in the governmental toolbar for the strategic projects. 
 The urgency of the problem is caused by the list of factors, including:
 - negative external background, affecting the availability of resources, technologies and specialists for the implementation of transformation tasks;
 - lack of socio-economic institutes which are ready to ensure the realization strategic goals at the operational level;
 - the need for rapid restructuring of the national economy, which can be provided through mechanisms of operational interaction between the government, business and the population.
 Most modern studies don’t analyze ecosystems as a tool for the supporting of strategic goals of the national economy.
 The purpose of the study is to identify opportunities and risks for the government and society while using ecosystems in realization strategic state goals. 
 The purpose of the study predetermined the following tasks:
 - Determination of the impact of negative external factors of the transformation of the national economy.
 - The role and functions of ecosystems in the implementation of strategic objectives of the national economy.
 - Scenarios and risks of ecosystem impact growth.
 The following tools are used in the study: structural and institutional analyze, modeling and forecasting. The ecosystem is considered as a complex integration platform that unites consumers and producers into a single system through end-to-end sales channels, a single financial infrastructure and communication standards. As the best practices of interaction between ecosystems and the state, the experience of implementing complex projects of the largest national ecosystems was used: Sber, MTS, Rostelecom, Yandex.
 The paper proposes the current scheme of interaction between the ecosystem and the government in the framework of the realization strategic transformation programs. The scheme is formed on the basis of a sophisticated business model (B2G2B2C), involving the participation of all macroeconomic agents. The scheme presents several functional contours: the formation and execution of a complex regional order (the essential contour of agent interaction), financial interaction between participants.
 The second part of the study examines scenarios for the development of the relationship between the ecosystem and the state from the position of influence on society, taking into account two variables: the willingness of the state to play an active role in regulating the activities of ecosystems within the national contour; the level of favorability of external rejection for ecosystems. As a result, 4 scenarios were considered that answer the questions of ecosystem development, their contribution to public welfare, and work with innovations.

Examination of manufacturing procedures in TestBed 4.0

This article delves into the systematic examination of production processes within the context of TestBed 4.0. The study bifurcates these processes into distinct categories, namely pre-production procedures and core production processes, encompassing essential sub-steps crucial for ensuring the seamless execution of customer orders. The analysis sheds light on how TestBed 4.0, with its integration of Industry 4.0 elements, contributes to heightened efficiency and innovation in manufacturing. By exploring the interconnectedness of production equipment and digital models, the study highlights the potential for creating intelligent and automated industrial enterprises. The findings underscore the role of TestBed 4.0 in responding to market dynamics and fostering competitiveness for industrial enterprises, particularly within the European market.

Criminal procedural consequences of the court’s return of an indictment to the prosecutor

The article analyses the criminal procedural consequences which will occur under the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine if the court returns an indictment to the prosecutor. Based on a comparison of the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine of 1960 and the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, it has been established that the current consequences of returning an indictment by a court are different from those which existed when a case was returned for additional investigation under Article 246 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine of 1960 by a judge's decision. It has been argued that no practical attempts should be made, contrary to the provisions of the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, to impose on the existing (albeit not perfect) procedural procedure for the prosecutor to eliminate the deficiencies of the indictment, the features of additional investigation which are not inherent to it.
 It has been determined that the return to the prosecutor of an indictment or a petition for the application of compulsory medical or educational measures due to the fact that they do not meet the requirements of paragraph 3 of Part 3 of Article 314 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine does not resume the pre-trial investigation, nor does it restore the course of its term. It has been proved that after returning the said procedural documents to the prosecutor, the prosecution should act without unreasonable delays and should not conduct new investigative (search) actions or other actions related to the collection of evidence. Such a return does not exclude the possibility of the prosecutor performing certain procedural actions which are of an organisational nature or are necessary to ensure the execution of a court order and to correct the deficiencies of an indictment, or a request for the application of compulsory medical or educational measures. It has been argued that a prosecutor may not, by abusing his/her rights (powers), i.e. contrary to the scope and procedure for exercising his/her discretionary powers, use the return of the above documents to actually continue the pre-trial investigation and eliminate its shortcomings. It has been concluded that in case of the opposite development of events, due to the commission of a criminal procedural offence by the prosecutor, there will be grounds for criminal procedural consequences, for example, the court's declaring the evidence inadmissible or those provided for in paragraph 10 of Part 1 of Article 284 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine.

Features of state regulation of defense procurements

The article is devoted to the consideration of state regulation in the field of public procurement, in particular in the defense-industrial complex. The main law defining the basic principles and mechanisms of procurement is the Law of Ukraine «On Public Procurement». However, during the period of martial law, many changes were made in the procedures and mechanisms of public procurement, changes were already made more than once, through the adoption of separate laws and by-laws. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the application of public procurement mechanisms in certain sectors of the economy, in particular the defense-industrial complex. The necessity of modernization and improvement the procurement procedures for successful and effective compliance with the principles of competition and overcoming corruption, and other principles stipulated by legislation, is argued. Mechanisms for conducting procurement procedures are analyzed as one of the key elements of increasing the effectiveness of state economic policy, which is based, in particular, on the principles of fair competition, openness and transparency, non-discrimination of participants, objectivity and impartiality of evaluation of tender offers.
 It is substantiated that it is important to borrow international procurement experience to ensure compliance of national legislation with EU legislation. The issue of ensuring the appropriate level of defense capability of Ukraine in the conditions of countering full-scale military aggression on the territory of Ukraine by the Russian Federation is quite acute. A pressing challenge now is to ensure the rational spending of budget funds and the effective functioning and development of the state defense procurement system. It has been proven that the mechanism for the redistribution of budget funds should have the most transparent order of organization and the order of execution of the concluded procurement contract, which in the case of defense procurement involves reducing the number of closed procurements, excessive secrecy, increasing competitive procedures in the procurement of imported products and services, further improving pricing, canceling profit limits, accounting for inflation and life cycle cost.
 It is argued that consideration of physical, economic and informational security requirements is extremely important. It is about compliance with the principles of protecting customers from military threats, ensuring the simplification of public procurement by reducing the terms of the procurement procedure and simplifying the requirements for procedure participants, the effectiveness of the procurement process and the efficiency of the use of funds, primarily through the involvement of domestic entrepreneurs in tenders and ensuring the development of the domestic market, stability and defense capability.

Semantic change and word formation during Covid-19 in the Philippines

This study explored the semantic change and word formation of the English language terms used during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Philippines. There were 50 words selected from the memorandum and executive orders of the national and local government units and those from news reports posted online on social media (Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram). These words were analyzed using the components of the neologism framework proposed by Krishnamurthy (2010) on the word formation, borrowing, and lexical deviation and that of Crowley and Bowern (2010) for semantic change. The results of the study revealed four types of semantic change (i.e., widening, narrowing, semantic shift, and bifurcation), and the newly discovered words were categorized into compounding, acronym, and conversion. This study provides implications that in times of crisis (such as the Covid-19 pandemic), Filipinos tend to create and recreate words within a context easily understood by the community to establish clear communication.

Capacity of the U.S. federal system for cultural heritage to meet challenges of climate change

The U.S. federal government is unbalanced in its capacity to recognize, manage, and engage cultural heritage as part of its response to climate change. Legislation from the 1906 Antiquities Act to Executive Order (EO) 13990 signed in 2021 has set an overarching approach in which heritage is understood to be primarily tangible places and things that should be conserved, foremost through monument and park boundaries and significance designations. Such conservation, however, does not protect heritage from impacts of climate change and how to manage these components of heritage is nearly invisible in recent climate-focused publications of the two agencies assigned by legislation to serve as leads for cultural heritage in the U.S. government. Yet further, the long-standing tangible approach to heritage does not incorporate emerging understandings of its intangible components and the diverse connections of all forms of heritage to place, meaning, identity, and global change goals of sustainability and equity. In contrast, analysis of 27 federal agency climate adaptation plans prepared in response to 2021 EO 14008 shows that multiple agencies not assigned lead roles for heritage recognize a range of responsibilities that include heritage as part of climate adaptation, mitigation, equity, and coordination with Indigenous communities. This paper explores U.S. heritage legislative history, the definition it helped create for heritage, more recent understandings of heritage, and relationships of these to climate change and how these are represented in climate work and plans across U.S. federal agencies. On these bases, recommendations are provided for research and policy steps.

Multi-objective Service Function Chain placement in 5G cellular networks based on meta-heuristic approach

With the emergence of new applications driven by the popularization of mobile devices, the next generation of mobile networks faces challenges to meet different requirements. Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) have been deployed to minimize operational costs and make network management more flexible. In this sense, strategies for VNF placement can impact different metrics of interest. Invoking and visiting VNFs in a specific execution order may be required for different use cases, resulting in a complete network service called Service Function Chain (SFC). The SFC placement problem is to define a feasible path in the physical infrastructure whose nodes and edges meet the computational and bandwidth requirements for the VNFs and virtual links, respectively. It has already been proved that this process is NP-hard and it is difficult to find an optimal solution to this problem. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the use of meta-heuristics to solve the SFC placement problem in cellular networks. We consider a triathlon competition leading to different mobility patterns. We collected real data about the competitors to simulate their movements through the scenario as well as the measured signal quality of the network. We formulate the SFC placement problem as a multi-objective problem where we try to minimize the placement cost and the total SFC delay. To solve the problem, we propose the use of two algorithms, NSGA-II and GDE3, which compare two different greedy approaches that prioritize the different optimization metrics considered in this work. Our results show that the meta-heuristics provide better results for each of the metrics. For all competition stages, GDE3 presented a slightly lower placement costs than NSGA-II, while NSGA-II had a lower delay in some scenarios.

Unveiling the invisible: receivers use object weight cues for grip force planning in handover actions

Handover actions are part of our daily lives. Whether it is the milk carton at the breakfast table or tickets at the box office, we usually perform these joint actions without much conscious attention. The individual actions involved in handovers, that have already been studied intensively at the level of individual actions, are grasping, lifting, and transporting objects. Depending on the object’s properties, actors must plan their execution in order to ensure smooth and efficient object transfer. Therefore, anticipatory grip force scaling is crucial. Grip forces are planned in anticipation using weight estimates based on experience or visual cues. This study aimed to investigate whether receivers are able to correctly estimate object weight by observing the giver’s kinematics. For this purpose, handover actions were performed with 20 dyads, manipulating the participant role (giver/receiver) and varying the size and weight of the object. Due to the random presentation of the object weight and the absence of visual cues, the participants were unaware of the object weight from trial to trial. Kinematics were recorded with a motion tracking system and grip forces were recorded with customized test objects. Peak grip force rates were used as a measure of anticipated object weight. Results showed that receiver kinematics are significantly affected by object weight. The peak grip force rates showed that receivers anticipate object weight, but givers not. This supports the hypothesis that receivers obtain information about the object weight by observing giver’s kinematics and integrating this information into their own action execution.

Practical Questions for Securing Nucleic Acid Synthesis.

Affordable and accurate nucleic acid synthesis is foundational to modern biotechnology, but raises security concerns because it facilitates the construction of pathogens and other potentially dangerous biological agents. Nucleic acid synthesis screening can reduce the risk of providing potentially harmful nucleic acids to those without a legitimate use for them. Governments, industry associations, and biosecurity organizations have offered guidance on synthesis screening for a decade, and are now considering how to translate industry best practices into regulatory frameworks. A review of existing guidance documents, policy proposals, and other published literature was performed. We distinguish five categories of practical questions for policymakers: challenges associated with customer screening, sequence screening, the interaction between domestic and global regulations, commercial implications of screening, and finally, challenges associated with benchtop nucleic acid synthesis devices. There are a number of recommendations in public literature that target the implementation of robust customer and sequence screening, several of which have been incorporated into the recent United States White House Executive Order on artificial intelligence. There appears to be fewer solutions proposed to address challenges associated with the global screening landscape, or the commercial implications of screening requirements, and limited discussion on securing the benchtop synthesis landscape. This paper aims at providing a comprehensive resource for policymakers, outlining a set of questions governments, and other stakeholders, must answer when implementing screening requirements to secure nucleic acid synthesis.

The Impact of Former President Trump’s Presidential Agenda on the U.S.-Mexican Border

This paper argues that to understand the impact of former U.S. President Donald Trump on the U.S.-Mexico border, his presidential agenda needs to be compared with other presidential administrations from the 1990s to the present. It looks at presidential policy agendas, as seen in executive orders, legislative policies, binational initiatives, deployment of the National Guard and military, presidential visits, and use of the bully pulpit with visits to the border region. These are compared to border operations indicators, highlighting formal and informal crossings of people and movement of goods. Though Mr. Trump has been specifically negative and aggressive toward the border, the securitization of the region has been part of presidential agendas since the 1990s. A key takeaway is to think about and discuss these results to ensure the border is livable, manageable and ready for the challenges of the 21st century.

Realizing Justice40: Addressing Structural Funding Barriers for Equitable Community Engagement in Energy RD&D

The Justice40 Initiative, established by the Biden Administration through Executive Order 14008, aims to ensure 40% of the benefits associated with relevant governmental investments in areas such as climate and energy go to disadvantaged communities. However, persistent structural limitations pose challenges for energy researchers and engineers seeking to integrate justice into research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) activities, ultimately inhibiting full realization of Justice40. Using the Systemic Equity framework, this policy position paper highlights inadequacies in the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) funding model and proposes changes to RD&D funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) to support the in-depth community engagement necessary for more equitable technology creation and demonstration. The recommended changes to FOAs are provided to encourage DOE Program Offices to rethink the RD&D funding process, the values that are fortified (intentionally or unintentionally) in that process, and systematically recenter RD&D processes on the goal Justice40 set out to achieve—a more just, equitable, and sustainable future.

Ensuring useful adoption of generative artificial intelligence in healthcare.

This article aims to examine how generative artificial intelligence (AI) can be adopted with the most value in health systems, in response to the Executive Order on AI. We reviewed how technology has historically been deployed in healthcare, and evaluated recent examples of deployments of both traditional AI and generative AI (GenAI) with a lens on value. Traditional AI and GenAI are different technologies in terms of their capability and modes of current deployment, which have implications on value in health systems. Traditional AI when applied with a framework top-down can realize value in healthcare. GenAI in the short term when applied top-down has unclear value, but encouraging more bottom-up adoption has the potential to provide more benefit to health systems and patients. GenAI in healthcare can provide the most value for patients when health systems adapt culturally to grow with this new technology and its adoption patterns.

Updating Presidential Leverage: Comparing Measures of Leverage from Kennedy to Trump

This article seeks to accomplish two things. First, I update the Index of Presidential Leverage (IPL) published in Presidential Leverage (Ponder 2018), which analyzed presidential action from Kennedy to the end of Obama’s first term. This article brings the analysis through the end of the Trump administration and replicates the book’s analysis of executive orders to determine if that measure still exhibits explanatory capacity. Second, I consider two alternative measures of presidential leverage that tap the same idea of the IPL, which is presidential approval in an institutional context (namely, public approval of Congress and public trust in Congress). The article employs these alternative measures in a preliminary attempt to determine the efficacy of the concept of presidential leverage across different measures. I find that the concept of presidential leverage operationalized in these various ways is not only robust, but as was the case in the original analysis, outperforms analyses using raw presidential approval in isolation. Thus, the concept of presidential leverage is shown to be applicable across various measurement strategies. The robustness of the presidential leverage measure is important because it undergirds the idea that presidential approval in context, rather than simply as a stand-alone indicator, provides nuance and explanatory power to the study of presidential action that may be missed otherwise.

DAG-aware harmonizing job scheduling and data caching for disaggregated analytics frameworks

Modern data analytics frameworks often integrate with external storage services, which can lead to storage bottlenecks. Existing caching and prefetching solutions utilize high-level information from data analytics frameworks to forecast future data accesses. They employ these predictions to prefetch data into the cache and manage the cache contents. However, this approach overlooks a fundamental opportunity: rather than caching data given a prediction of job execution, influencing the job execution order can enable more effective caching and prefetching. With this key insight, we introduce a novel system called Tripod, designed to synchronize job scheduling and data caching for analytics frameworks.Leveraging the higher-level information provided by analytics frameworks, Tripod explores the best-suited job execution order, guided by developed heuristics, to facilitate prefetching and caching. To fully exploit the potential of Tripod, we also introduce a novel caching strategy named CAP. This strategy not only acknowledges the job scheduling order but also offers fine-grained control over object prefetching and eviction. Our evaluation, conducted using standard analytic benchmarks (TPC-H and TPC-DS), demonstrates that Tripod achieves a speedup of up to 1.7x on state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, when employing CAP to make caching decisions, the performance can further be improved (as much as 1.5x).

Comparative Analysis Of Stock Performance Before And After Determining Asymmetric Auto Rejection In Companies Listed On The Idx

ABSTRACTThe asymmetric auto rejection policy has an impact on stock performance, namely influencing investors' perceptions of the security and quality of order execution. Comparing stock performance before and after establishing asymmetric auto rejection can provide benefits for market players, namely evaluating effectiveness in improving market integrity and protecting investors. The aim of this research is to analyze the comparison of stock performance before and after the establishment of asymmetric auto rejection in companies listed on the IDX. The method used in this research is quantitative by collecting data in the form of historical stock data before and after the asymmetric auto rejection policy. The data analysis in this research used statistical tests with the help of SPSS version 26, namely paired t-test samples. The results of this research show that there is no significant difference between stock performance before the asymmetric auto rejection policy was implemented and stock performance after the asymmetric auto rejection policy was implemented. This is because the average value is only different by 0.033. Apart from that, the significance value is 0.975. This means that if it is greater than 0.05, H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected.

A systematic investigation of external lubrication of mini-tablets on a rotary tablet press with focus on the tensile strength

External lubrication is an alternative to internal lubrication and its related detrimental effects on properties of tablets like tensile strength (TS). However, to date there are hardly any systematic investigations on external lubrication of mini-tablets on rotary tablet presses. Aim of this study was the systematic investigation of the impact of parameters tableting pressure, tableting speed, dosing rate and air pressure on the TS of mini-tablets. Both studies, the Central Composite Design (CCD) with SMCC 90 and the subsequently executed D-optimal design with SMCC 50, exhibited that tableting pressure had the highest positive effect on TS. Tableting speed and dosing rate in the CCD presumably did not seem to influence the TS, air pressure represented a positive coefficient. An additional temporal factor seemed to impact the results, deduced from the negative effect of the experimental order on TS in the CCD and from the negative correlation along the execution order in the residual plots. Additional long runs support findings of a non-linear decrease of TS over time. An interplay between dosing rate level and performance of the dust extraction collector is assumed, making more magnesium stearate available in the tablet press and potentially causing gradual contamination of the powder over time.

Maximum order size and market quality: Evidence from a natural experiment in commodity futures markets

AbstractWe exploit a 2018 exchange‐mandated increase of the maximum order size in some—but, crucially, not all—US agricultural futures markets, to link exogenous constraints on order placement and execution, price volatility, and market liquidity. The old maximum size of 2500 contracts was binding: demand exists for placing and executing much larger orders. Limit‐order book depth at the best bid and ask increases dramatically after the exchange quadruples the maximum order size. Amid relatively stable volatility, bid‐ask spreads narrow, and the price impact of large trades falls. In sum, we find that market quality can improve after an increase in maximum order and trade size.