Executive Institutions Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF TRIPLE FACTORS (FAMILY, MEDIA AND SCHOOL) IN PREVENTION OF TEENAGERS' DELINQUENCY

The delinquency basically includes of trivial crimes and because children and teenagers usually commit these kinds of crimes so it's better to use the word delinquency instead of criminality. The root survey of children and teenagers' matters such as their delinquency is essential to obtain an ideal society. The children and teenagers' delinquency is one of today problems in this age category as well as leading to the losses and damages for both victims and society. One of the most important social institutions which has a basic role in controlling and preventing the children and teenagers' delinquency is the family institution. One of the most important roles of this institution is controlling and monitoring role. This function has an abundant importance regarding to the sensitivity of childhood and adolescence. If the controlling role of the family got distorted and can't apply an appropriate control on children and teenagers, the risk of orienting to the children and teenagers' delinquency will be increased. The teaching and training policies are considered in this level to prevent from committing a crime (or delinquency). The suitable education system is one of the main bases in preventing from delinquency and preventive measures and steps is more executive rather than legal aspect, therefore, most of the counties assign and delegate the delinquency prevention to the executive institutions so that these institution can achieve to a successful conclusion in this field having the suitable abilities and facilities. Hence, adopting the preventative solutions has a special importance before and after explaining the children's delinquency and victimization in the framework of educational and training policymaking that this orientation is discussed in this study. Children and teenagers commit a crime though modeling and replication themselves with the media characters without considering their fictitious nature. Also, it gives the required power and ability to those who due to the social, psychological and mental reasons are capable of committing a crime and delinquency. In order to prevent from this matter, a correct method should be followed in families and Medias so that the effect of these kinds of behaviors reduced. This research survey the social factors (emphasizing on family and media) on children and teenagers' delinquency using analytical-descriptive method and library studies and illustrates the properties of this disorder. The achieved results of the study proof the direct relationship of children and teenagers' delinquency in case of disorder in family and media approach and their lack of notifying the harmful programs and exported messages from the media and conflicts and family problems. Article visualizations:

Lenin und die Diktatur des Proletariats – Begriff, Konzeption, Ermöglichung

Abstract The contribution focuses on the dictatorship of the proletariat which Lenin exploited as a legitimacy resource, in particular on the concept of the “avant-garde”-party, the aspect of minority dictatorship and the specific role of violence. Lenin‘s attempt to integrate the “peasant factor” into his concept of a dictatorship is also discussed in detail. Soon it was clear that Lenin wanted to establish this dictatorship by help of the Party, the Councils and, most of all, the executive, and that he was out for radical change. Already in the course of the first year after having established his rule (1917/18) it became obvious that this new dictatorship leaned primarily onto the Party, the executive and special state institutions, however hardly onto the Councils which served only as a facade. All promises of a new state with reduced bureaucracy proved to be empty promises.

Russian Practice of Independent Quality Assessment of Social Services for People with Health Disorders and In Difficult Life Situations

The public control system of social services for sick and disabled people is improving in Russia nowadays. It is connected with the formation of public and trusteeship councils under public authorities and social service organizations. They are supposed to regulate and control social services. Emerging studies on the independent assessment of the quality of social services in the regions of Russia must be summarized and comprehended. It is obvious that the public control system in Russia is just beginning to form. Its normative basis includes the number of Russian laws that created the basis of social services for citizens in Russia. On their basis, with the executive bodies and institutions of the social services system in Russia, public and trustees’ councils with the functions of public control are created. The mechanism for implementing this independent assessment is generally defined in Russia today. The criteria for public quality control of social services in Russia are fairly transparent and provide an opportunity to compare the efficiency of single-type social services institutions. The analysis of independent quality assessment of social services in Russia shows that the quality assessment started in 2013 has produced positive results. Nowadays this procedure has been implemented in all regions of the country. In Russia there are still a number of shortcomings in methodological support for the implementing process of independent quality assessment of social services. There are many problems to solve for the heads of social service institutions. The assessment procedure has not been provided. There is no clear definition of the objectives of the entire procedure, no information on the mechanism. So the independent quality assessment system of social services in Russia is still developing.

AGAMA DAN MEDIA: PEMAKNAAN ISU AGAMA DI ‘DETIKNEWS’

Media has a significant role in strengthening Indonesia's democracy but problematic in writing religions issues. More people are respecting media credibility rather than political branch of power such as parliament, executive or legislative institutions. In the mids of media popularity, it is important to scrutinize online media performance because of its tendency, as well as television media, to focus on selling news for profit. Religious issue has been written more on its sensationality rather than meaningfully. Seven stories of Detiknews were observed of its title, key words and discussion based on journalism perspective. The study shows that Detiknews preferred to write sensational titles, immediacy and less accuracy.

Venezuela: relaciones de trabajo signadas por el neocorporativismo

Las relaciones entre Estado y sociedad han sido tema permanente de análisis en América Latina, debido a la continua búsqueda de un sistema democrático estable en nuestro continente. Este trabajo se propone identificar históricamente las relaciones entre los actores del Sistema de Relaciones de Trabajo en Venezuela, establecidas desde su principal actor: el Estado, y su evolución característica, especificando su orientación hacia el control de los trabajadores y sus organizaciones sindicales y gremiales. Asimismo, se analiza el proceso de esas relaciones bajo el modelo político vigente, denominado Socialismo del Siglo XXI. Desde la perspectiva teórico-conceptual del neocorporativismo se analizan las políticas promovidas desde el Poder Ejecutivo y desde el conjunto de instituciones públicas.

RELASI NEGARA DAN MASYARAKAT DI ROTE

This article abstracted from dissertation entitled “State and Society’s Relation in Rote”. This article discusses the relation between the state and society in Rote Island. Rote Island (Rote Ndao District) consisted of 19 Kingdom (Nusak) with different culture, language, and customs on each Nusak. Nusak divides the government structure into 3 (three) functions: First is the executive institution body which run custom law, second is the legislative body which make custom law, and third is the judicative body which monitoring custom law. By this condition, Nusak is considered as Ethnic State. From this explanation, Indonesia should be seen as nations state, not as a nation state.

Greener governments: partisan ideologies, executive institutions, and environmental policies

ABSTRACTWhy do some governments have more environmentally friendly policies than others? Part of the answer involves governing parties’ ideological positions on environmentalism and the constraints imposed by executive institutions. Here, this party-based explanation is elaborated and tested with uniquely comparable indicators of national environmental policies for governments in 27 countries in the European Union (EU). The findings show that governments with parties that emphasized environmental protection in their manifestos are more likely to propose pro-environment policies during EU-level negotiations. However, the effect of ideology is mediated by the centralization of the national executive branch. In centralized national executives, the environmental positions of prime ministers’ parties affect policies, while in decentralized national executives, the positions of environment ministers’ parties are relevant. The findings have implications for understanding the impact of parties’ environmental positions on government policies, as well as for policy making in coalitions more generally.

Governing with ideas

This article deals with ordoliberalism, a school of economics and legal theory that emerged in the 1930s and whose ideas became particularly influential in the shaping of the post-WWII German economic model. Instead of a purely political or economic doctrine, the article approaches ordoliberalism as a philosophical theory that originated as a response to the crisis of economics and scientific reason in general, to the growing dispersion of individual sciences and the loss of their common foundation. By focusing on the relation between Edmund Husserl and Walter Eucken, the founder of ordoliberalism, the article highlights some of the methodological and conceptual innovations that constituted the unique approach of ordoliberalism, namely, its aim to construct economics as a rule-oriented science with a strong emphasis on constitutional choice and institutional issues. According to the main argument, the ordoliberal emphasis on law and executive institutions was a consistent outcome of their theoretical decision to construct economics as a normative science of ideal forms.

Note de recherche. L’effet Westminster : les cibles et les stratégies de lobbying dans le système parlementaire canadien

RésuméCette note de recherche examine l'hypothèse selon laquelle les lobbies canadiens s'adressent principalement aux membres des institutions exécutives en raison des particularités du système parlementaire. Elle propose un examen du registre des lobbyistes qui mesure la fréquence des entretiens entre les lobbies et les fonctionnaires et politiciens canadiens entre l'été 2008 et l'été 2013. Cet exercice d'analyse systématique apporte une connaissance plus précise des cibles de lobbying au Canada. Les résultats indiquent que la majorité des activités de lobbying sont dirigées vers l'administration publique, mais que la Chambre des communes demeure tout de même l'une des institutions les plus sollicitées par les lobbyistes. En conclusion, il apparaît que les approches qui insistent trop fortement sur le rôle structurant des institutions parlementaires traduisent mal la réalité du lobbying. Les preuves empiriques montrent que de nombreux lobbies canadiens optent pour des stratégies intégrées axées sur l'intervention auprès des membres des branches exécutive et législative.

Horizontal accountability and the challenges for democratic consolidation in Africa: evidence from Liberia

ABSTRACTWhy are most African emerging democracies failing to consolidate and reach the two-turnover test? Most scholars attribute this to the poor quality of elections and limited institutionalization of vertical accountability, overlooking some important variables. This article challenges this conception both theoretically and empirically by focusing on the quality of horizontal accountability illustrated by observations of comparative interest in Liberia's emerging democracy. Since the end of Liberia's bloody civil war in 2003, two successive and successful democratic elections (2005 and 2011) have been organized, putting Liberia on the path towards democratic consolidation. When analysing the electoral mechanism of vertical2016 accountability, many scholars have been enthusiastic about the prospects of democratic consolidation in Liberia, most of them neglecting the horizontal accountability processes that are also crucial for the quality and durability of democracy. This article analyses the processes and challenges of democratic consolidation in Liberia by focusing on key institutions of horizontal accountability. It argues that although the country has made some progress towards democratization since 2005, the domination and centralization of executive power, weak and dependent institutions of horizontal accountability (legislature, judiciary, national elections commission, general auditing commission, and anti-corruption commission) are major challenges to the consolidation of democracy. These findings have important implications for our understanding of horizontal accountability and democratic consolidation in African emerging democracies.

Bir Regülasyon Kurumu Olarak Yargı Organı: Anayasa Mahkemesi ve Danıştay Kararlarında Devletin Düzenleyici Rolü

State can arrange markets with legal and institutional measures other than fiscal policy tools. In this case studied in the regulation of the economy, state intervenes to the price in the market, the quality of goods and services, the number of producers in the market and etc., by state institutions. This task is also called the state's regulatory role, fulfilled by institutions are located in the legislative and executive power. Also judicial institutions will find its place in the regulation of the economy by distrupt or approve to the legislative and executive institutions decisions and practices. In this context, it’s said that the Constitutional Court and the Council of State is a regulatory power over the market. Determination of the regulator power of the supreme judicial authorities is possible with the examination of the decisions. Therefore in our study, the Constitutional Court and the Council of State decisions between the years 2007-2012 were examined and tried to determine the role of the regulator on the market

One Nation, Ungovernable? Confronting the Modern Regulatory State

The modern conceit is that administrative regulation and rule making work. Overreach by bureaucracy and the administrative state may not only impede economic efficiency but also undermine health, safety, and environmental progress. Healthy government requires recognizing downsides to coercive intervention; it requires vigilant legislative and executive institutions and mindsets that seek reasons not to add yet another rule or decree to the existing tens of thousands. Meanwhile the public has a right to know the ways federal agencies have harmed and harm that which they oversee, and how those negatives may propagate beyond the agency throughout the economy and society. Part 2 points to some economic and social consequences of the unrestrained modern government, and takes a moment to recognize (or perhaps lament) that, while the Constitution is not coming to the rescue, we are not without options. Part 3, in light of Congress’ over-delegation of power to federal agencies, briefly reviews the formal oversight procedures that ostensibly exist for the thousands of regulations issuing annually. Part 4 shows that central oversight of regulation sports theoretical inconsistencies and gaps and argues it has not worked, but posits why, just possibly, it could. Part 5 presents the data demonstrating that federal regulatory review has fallen short and is far from comprehensive. Part 6 covers some of what is (imperfectly) known about regulatory burdens and volume to help inform efforts to liberalize. Finally, Part 7—given the reality that code or administrative agency law is here to stay for the time being—offers disclosure-based “low-hanging-fruit” reform proposals, while remaining cognizant of central review’s shortcomings.

The Expert-Executive Nexus in the EU: An Introduction

Expertise has played a pivotal role in EU executives since the European Union (EU) was established, but its significance is arguably increasing and takes on new shapes. This issue explores the role and use of expert knowledge in decision-making in and by EU executive institutions.

Training top civil servants in turbulent environments: An ongoing struggle for curriculum

This article provides a historical literature review and exploratory descriptive case study of one U.S. Federal agencyʼs efforts to design an appropriate government-wide leadership development curriculum for incumbent top or senior civil servants. The U.S. Federal Executive Institute was founded in 1968, it spans the 20th and 21st centuries, it illustrates changes in the compact that exists between government and its top civil servants over time, and it illustrates challenges this agency confronts addressing the task of interagency leadership development. The main findings are three continuities and three discontinuities between curriculum development then and now. Conclusions outline issues for future interdisciplinary research to inform the intellectual roots for 21st century curricula aligned to emerging roles and the challenges top career executives actually confront.

Introduction

Myanmar has recently sought a new path for its development, one that includes a constitutional framework, new executive and legislative institutions, greater civil and political freedoms, and the gradual liberalisation of the economy. To help understand the recent history of Myanmar’s transitions, this special issue of the European Journal of East Asian Studies offers six articles that analyse the changes from a variety of perspectives and different appropriate theoretical approaches. From democratisation to the army’s role, from new economic challenges to renewed peace efforts, from the complex interaction with China to historical tensions with India, this diverse set of articles helps clarify the extent to which Myanmar is enjoying a renaissance. The country has peculiar advantages but is also limited by geography, poverty and political history. To forge a new culture of consistent popular participation in democratic life will not be easy or cheap. However, with wise leadership, economic ambition and popular participation the country could become one of Asia’s great democratic and social successes.

Applied Analysis at MGIMO-University

Applied analysis of international relations began to form at MGIMO-University in the 1970s. This kind of research always attracted considerable interest of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR, and other executive institutions of the government and received their support. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs initiated the creation of a special unit at MGIMO - the Problem Research Laboratory of Systems Analysis in International Relations. The Laboratory was using system analysis and quantitative methods to produce scientific information for decision-makers to make "more informed decisions in the field of international relations in order to reduce the level of uncertainty in the assessment of the expected impact of these decisions". In 2004, the successor to the Problem Laboratory - Center for International Studies - was transformed into a Research Coordination Council for International Studies, which in 2009 handed its functions to the Institute of International Studies. In comparison with previous periods the Institute of International Studies has significantly increased of research for the Ministry of International Affairs. It has also moved functionally outside its institutional boundaries and produces unclassified research for public offer. It also serves as a place for vivid public discussions among IR specialists. There's also an international recognition of the Institute of International Studies. The "Go to think tanks" international ranking produced annually at the University of Pennsylvania has put MGIMO-University on the 10th place in the category of university based think tanks.

Scottish criminal justice: Devolution, divergence and distinctiveness

It has been claimed that paradoxically, following the re-establishment of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, Scottish criminal justice policy, hitherto more liberal and less punitive than ‘south of the Border’, became more closely aligned with London-based policies. It has also been argued that the Scottish Nationalist Party (SNP) Scottish government has, since gaining power in 2007, reversed that trend in a process of ‘retartanization’. Closer examination reveals a far more complex picture. Based on interviews with key players and observers, this article suggests that there is room for a more nuanced understanding of policy, policy shifts and reform in the years leading up to and following 1999. The Scottish example raises important questions about the impact of new legislative and executive institutions, the respective influences of civil servants, special advisers, politicians, local government, media, public opinion and individual personalities on criminal justice policy, particularly in a small jurisdiction. It also raises questions about the relative importance of local, national, territorial and global influences on criminal justice policy of relevance to other devolved nations.

The Contemporary Presidency Reconsidering Presidential Policy Czars

Since controversy began to swirl surrounding then‐President‐elect Barack Obama's alleged overreliance on policy czars in late 2008, political scientists and pundits alike have been quick to view this approach to White House staffing as an extension of the imperial presidency and, to some, a threat to the constitutional order. In this article, I take a step back and ask whether the phenomenon under attack is exactly what scholars assume it is. In doing so, I investigate the conceptualization problem czars pose as well as how and why presidents actually use czars. I conclude with a series of suggestion for future presidents on how best to use policy czars to advance the interests of their administration and manage the executive institution.

NEETs: a case study in addressing the issues relating to disengaged youth in East Cleveland

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on the challenges and approaches taken to address the issue of NEETs in North East England. The area around Redcar in East Cleveland has high levels of unemployment, particularly youth unemployment. This paper compared actions taken in England in the support offered to disaffected youth and reports on the strategy pursued in East Cleveland. Design/methodology/approach – The research was primarily desk-based, interrogating Government publications as well as that generated by executive agencies and local educational institutions. A number of key figures were surveyed in addition to obtain a grounded insight into the challenges that confront those who work in this area. Findings – This study identified areas of good practice that could be considered elsewhere. Its conclusions emphasise that solutions to the NEETs problem are to be found in bespoke and individually focused programmes that value the contribution of young people to society and aim to build their self-esteem and confidence. It also highlights the importance of inter-agency cooperation and joined up strategic planning. Research limitations/implications – This study would have benefited from the opportunity to survey the views of young people involved in support programmes. Given issues of confidentiality, this was not possible. Originality/value – This study adds to the literature generated by Government bodies and educational institutions on the issue of disaffected youth. Its value lies in its reference to a specific geographic area and its insight into the work of local professionals in tackling this complex social issue.

Laundering of Crime Proceeds in Albania: Effectiveness of Legal Framework Amendments; Theoretical and Practical Analyze

Organized crime is constantly trying to hide its consequences (income and other assets), turning them into legitimate wealth by hiding their sources and continuing in this way the illegal activity. The study focuses in Albanian case, by presenting a general approach to laundering of crime proceeds (especially money laundering) and by analyzing what this offence represents in criminological aspect. Also, it presents the evolution of domestic law and the way the objective and subjective elements of the offence are materialized. The study concludes that actually there have been proper legislative amendments, but for an effective fight against crime proceeds laundering, the executive institutions should be focused on the criminal activity from which the dirty money and assets come such as trafficking, corruption, tax evasion etc. and on law implementation. To arrive at this conclusion, it was necessary to analyze laws and law amendments, and the decisions of the Court of Appeals in Tirana, Criminal College of Supreme Court as well as the unifying decisions of Supreme Court. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n4p197