Executive Institutions Research Articles

Administrative law – the legal basis of realization of public administration

The article substantiates the thesis that administrative law is the legal basis for the implementation of public 
 administration. Each public institution performs a certain function in the state, which contributes to the imple- mentation of state policy in a particular area of public life in order to achieve the common good - building a civil society and the rule of law in a particular area. The institution of public administration is no exception as an activ- ity aimed at solving priority tasks and achieving specific goals to increase the efficiency of state bodies and enter- prises, institutions or organizations in a clearly defined area, optimizing their activities in view of a set of external and internal factors. Like any public activity, public administration is determined by the rules of law that regulate relations in this area and through which it is implemented and performs its direct functions. It was found out that public administration is realized through norms of administrative law. It is the norms of administrative law that can help to form such a model of public administration in Ukraine, which will make it possible to harmonize the relationship in the system “man - state” and ensure that the interests of both parties in public policy in all spheres of society. It is proved that administrative law with its system of institutions and legal norms should become the platform on which public administration in Ukraine will develop. Therefore, it is substantiated that public admin- istration is realized through the norms of administrative law, because it is the norms of administrative law that regulate the activities of executive authorities, local governments, enterprises, institutions and organizations, ie subjects of public administration.

Accountability of the Minahasa Regency Regional General Election Administration (KPUD) (Study on the 2018 Minahasa Regency Head Election)

This study aims to analyze the accountability of the general election administration in the Minahasa Regency. This research uses qualitative methods, direct research to data sources and researchers are the key instruments. Qualitative research emphasizes the process of searching for the meaning behind the phenomena that arise in research with the aim that the problems studied are more in-depth, natural, and as they are without interference from researchers. From the results of the study, it was found that accountability is an ethical concept that is close to government public administration (government executive institutions, parliamentary legislative institutions, and judicial institutions) this is often used synonymously with concepts such as accountability, the ability to provide answers (answerability) that can be blamed (blameworthiness) and which have liability, including other terms that have no connection with the hope of being able to explain part of one aspect of public administration. The technical guidance received by PPS and KPPS is just a matter of election procedures. Submission of other information to voters is still carried out directly by the KPU and its implementation is not too optimal and not yet accountable, where the limitations of KPU members are not good in quantity. Then for suggestions to make it even better, it is recommended that the implementation of the Regional Election for the Regional Head Election of the Minahasa Regency KPUD should be more accountable from the preparation stage to the announcement stage of the Pilkada winner.

Administrative Law Enforcement through Supervision Instruments on Brantas River Pollution

The Brantas River, which is a national strategic area, is currently experiencing pollution. The massive pollution of the Brantas River and causing its water quality to decline is a problem that must be taken seriously. The worrying quality of the Brantas River shows the performance of the Indonesian government at the central, provincial, and district/city levels in managing river quality. Although there has been a Supreme Court decision regarding the pollution of the Brantas River, the government does not yet have a comprehensive plan and serious political will to restore the polluted Brantas River. This paper aims to analyze the enforcement of environmental administrative law through monitoring instruments as the implications of a lawsuit for pollution of the Brantas River based on the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Decision No. 08/Pdt.G/2019/PNSb. Based on the results of the analysis, it is necessary to take concrete actions from executive institutions and the community so that the pollution of the Brantas River is immediately resolved and does not recur in the future and so that the water quality can improve better.

The Manifestation of Sovereign Power in the Novel Yauma Qutila al-Zaim by Najib Mahfudz

Polemics and social inequality are the primary basis for story building in several of Najib Mahfudz's works. As the primary source, the social constellation presents to seek the formation of relations between social structures and literature. Various social systems come with articulations in economic, cultural, and political forms. This article will explore the context of government and state apart from being an executive institution and exercising sovereignty with its power. The identification of sovereignty is closely related to very paradoxical power. This type of research is qualitative. This type is classified because the primary data source in the study is in the form of textual data from the novel Yauma Qutila al-Zaim by Najib Mahfudz using a postmarxis approach. In this study, two main problems are discussed. First, how is the manifestation of the dual function of state power and sovereignty; second, why sovereignty is placed and positioned as a structure with very high absolutism. The duality formation between sovereignty and power that forms a network of sovereignty with all its forms of transformation. The sovereignty network then includes a working logic of power and sovereignty with all forms of attribution inherent in it.

Information and Analytical Support of Local Self-Government in the Context of Automation of Public Administration Services

Abstract. Introduction. Creating a modern information and analytical base for managerial decisions in local governments is especially relevant at the present stage of development of Ukraine Information and analytical support, based on the wide use of new information technologies, means of computer and communication technologies is an integral part of the professional functioning of the public administration system. The introduction and comprehensive use of modern information technologies in the activities of local governments provides information and analytical support for managerial decisions, provides information needs of both civil servants and other categories of citizens. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the organization of information and analytical support of local selfgovernment in the context of automation of public administration services. Results. The state of information and analytical activity of the local self-government institution on the example of the general department of the Bashtanka territorial community of the Mykolayiv region is investigated. An analysis of the possibilities of using the computer program “Smart Village” in the activities of communities, the widespread implementation of which will help increase the efficiency of management, planning and use of all resources of local communities. The study of the state of information and analytical activity of local self-government institutions in the current conditions has allowed to determine that in the absence of the necessary information it is difficult to make objective and timely managerial decisions. Conclusions. Information and analytical support as a direction of activity and in the context of automation of public administration services should be identified as one of the leading and provide for appropriate changes in the functions and structure of executive institutions at the local level. These changes, in turn, require an adequate interpretation of information from the environment with pre-ordering of incoming information flows, while ensuring a balanced supply of information from all sources, taking into account the functional load for the community.

Corruption and Democracy: Political Corruption in Post-Soeharto Indonesia

Post-Soeharto Indonesia, known as the era of reform and democracy, has not been able to inhibit corrupt behaviour by state officials at the central and local government levels, in legislative and executive institutions, or in the judiciary as a judicial institution. This article discusses and analyses the corruption process carried out by state officials, especially those occupying legislative, executive, and special judicial institutions at the central government level in interacting with each other and with outside institutions. The public's hope that ongoing democracy will be able to limit political corruption in Indonesia is only an illusion, considering the democracy model that developed in Indonesia post-Soeharto led to a patronage democracy, namely the interaction of power between state institutions which is based on mutually beneficial considerations. Another consideration is that the institution that administers justice which serves as law enforcement agency is involved in corrupt practices.

The social protection of children in the activities of the government organizations in east of Ukraine

Summary The article examines the organization of local governments in the system of social protection of children in communities. The biggest challenge for the authorities, during an armed conflict is to create a safe environment for children and for those families who have lives in situation and need social assistance. As the analysis of theoretical and practical material and legislation shows, the support of international standards for child protection by the government contributes to reforms in Ukraine, which leads to the search for additional resources in communities and beyond. The author defines the concept of «social protection» as a set of statutory guarantees and actions by public authorities aimed at equalizing the situation of citizens regardless of age with other members of society in cases of social, political and other risks. A brief description of the legal framework, which determines the need for social protection of children, as well as a list of government agencies responsible for identifying a child in need of social protection. The author characterizes the groups of risk factors to which children are exposed in a peaceful life, and which are exacerbated in extreme situations. The protection of children in the study is presented in the form of circles that create a protective environment and which are violated or become fragmentary in emergencies. Necessary conditions for the social protection are the establishment and development of interaction and partnership between local governments, the executive branch, socio-pedagogical institutions and public organizations; creation of a system of social services in the territorial community, including for the protection of children. This is especially true in the context of the ongoing the military conflict in Eastern Ukraine, when threats increase tenfold and resources, unfortunately, are limited.

The dark side of clinical trials and remedial strategies in india

India offers unique benefits to the clinical research fraternity of the world. Breadth of genetic variations, willing subjects due to poverty and abundant research talent brings the world to the door steps of our country. India needs to get its legal framework in to order to check the local exploitation and regulate unscrupulous foreign and domestic researchers. No law is effective unless it is implemented vigorously. Therefore strong executive institutions should be created to implement the laws with severe deterrent punishments. Pharmaceutical practitioners must take this to heart.

Formation of the penitentiary System of Soviet Ukraine (first half of the 20th century)

The process of organizing and becoming a system of execution of criminal penalties in Soviet Ukraine has been investigated since the Education of the Ukrainian SSR until 1930 - the beginning of the 1950s.; marked the main stages of the development of the state; The main regulatory acts of the structural and organizational activities of the penitentiary system are analyzed. In the 1920s. The Soviet penitentiary system was considered as a composite punitive system of the state and an effective means of combating the «class enemy». At the same time, the system of correctional institutions in Ukraine has not yet been considered as a means of severe punishment in the conditions of isolation from society, and it was also interpreted as an integral part of the condemnation system of convicts in social waste. The system of execution of criminal penalties to which correctional labor camps and general places of detention were determined. Independent subsystems were considered prison institutions (ordinary and investigative prisons), as well as labor colonies for minors and children's educational colonies. It has been established that under the conditions of Stalinism, an extensive network of the criminal executive system was a kind of foundation of totalitarian regime, was in an organic relationship with the administrative command system. The state administration of criminal and executive institutions in the post-war years carried out, and based on the principles of strict control of various departments of the NKVD, NKGB, MJ, Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Reconstruction of Corruption Law Enforcement in the Anti Rasuah Institution "Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK)” (Based on Approach “Berani Jujur Pecat” (Dare Honest Fired)”

Changes to the law are a necessity in accordance with the development of society, whether one law is revised or in the form of reconstruction or deconstruction by changing all existing laws, especially in one state institution that has a special function, for example the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) must follow development? What is the Institutional and Personal Position of the KPK after the status transfer to State Civil Apparatus? How effective is the KPK in eradicating corruption after it has been reconstructed? The reconstruction of the KPK institution is expected to bring the KPK to be better, more optimal and remain a supervisory institution for other law enforcement agencies that are able to bring order and legal certainty and justice to the people of Indonesia. The change in the status of KPK employees to State Civil Apparatus is a form of generalizing KPK personnel without making distinctions like so far, so it is feared that there will be no more competition and contestation between the investigative teams who work professionally. The existence of the KPK institution is re-examined with the enactment of Law Number 19 of 2019 concerning the KPK, hopefully the stigma of the superbody institution will remain attached to the KPK will not turn into a super executive institution that works at the request of certain parties and hopefully the KPK will maintain the psychology of the people who hope that the KPK must continue to exist even if fired for doing "HONEST" and the truth.

Malaysian Junior Voters’ Perception on the Implications of National Budget on Voting Pattern

The national budget is a national agenda and functions as a catalyst in fulfilling the aims of national development. The national budget is also a practice of the executive institution in the manifestation of government power that is legitimately elected in a democratic system. Thus, the focus of this study is on the implications of the budget presentation to junior voters’ voting pattern. The argument of this research is based on the model of Authoritative Value Allocation suggested by David Easton. The design of this study is based on a quantitative research design using the survey method. A total of 384 respondents were selected in this study with the purposive sampling technique and the number of the sample was determined by Krejie and Morgan’s sample determination table. The findings of the study found that all levels of items in the model include; the surrounding environment, inputs, outputs, and feedback, help answer the research question. The evidence for the findings has been analyzed descriptively using percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The findings of the study conclude that the budget did bring significant implications on the junior voters’ choice of political party in an election.

Optimalisasi Tugas dan Fungsi DPRD dalam Mewujudkan Pemerintahan Bersih

DPRD has a strategic position in the development of an area. Because, the people's representative institution has three inherent functions, namely the function of making local regulations (legislation), supervision (controlling) and budget function (bugeting). However, the reality of the implementation of the dprd function is still not optimal. This is due to the incomprehension of legislators in describing legislation, even more extreme, the existence of the function is not to assist local governments in carrying out government duties but rather as a tool for personal and party interests. This writing uses normative juridical research methods, where the author uses laws, journal articles, books and documents that support in discussing the issue of optimizing the tasks and functions of dprd members in realizing clean government. This study concluded, good governance can be done by optimizing and improving the quality of dprd members by improving the quality and understanding of DPRD members to their duties and functions. The fruit of quality improvement can be measured by how much the role of the DPRD in terms of partnership with executive institutions in making local regulations, drafting budgets, and in monitoring the course of government.

The Basic concept of Economic Education At the Level of Supra Structure and Inrastruktur Politics in Indonesia

This article aims to get an overview of how basic concepts of economics ofeducation at the level of the supra-structure and infra-political structure inIndonesia. In that state of supra structure that includes the legislative, executive,judicial, and other state institutions, the government of Indonesia has made apolicy in writing that stated in the mandate of the constitution the Constitutionof 1945 of the State's obligation in financing education in Indonesia. Educationfunding is contained in Article 31 paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution thatthe State prioritize the education budget by 20% from APBN/APBD. If seen in astate of infra-structure that covers the center of the political power of thepeople, contained in elements of social organization, political figures,community leaders, the tools of political communication, and especially apolitical organization or political party is able to affect the workings of theapparatus of the public to express, distribute, translate, convert demands,support and the specific problems associated with the public interest, especiallyin this case the education sector, the government has given freedom inexpressing their opinions. It is proved that the Indonesian State has beenattempted in the give attention to education for its citizens. Because with aquality education will be able to improve economic growth and development ina Country. However, the education budget by 20% is considered not able tomaximize the improvement of the quality of education in Indonesia, so the needfor a new policy in increasing the percentage of the budget for education.

POLITICAL ETHICS IN BERGER DIALECTICS AGAINST THE MEANING OF POWER OF THE SOUTH NIAS DPRD MEMBERS FOR THE 2014-2019 PERIOD

The establishment of South Nias Regency is of course accompanied by the formation of new legislatif and executive institutions to run the government. The formation of these institutions provided an opportunity for the emergence of local Nias Selatan elites to take up positions as legislators and regional heads. Reflecting from the above view, this research is a case study that focuses on developing in-depth descriptions and explanations of the meaning of the position of legislatif members in South Nias in 2014. specifically the perspective of Peter L Berger's social construction.At a practical level, this study can be a "mirror" for local political elites in South Nias to understand the political dynamics in the district more sharply and deeply, and can be considered in formulating more appropriate strategies and tactics.The method in this study uses the phenomenology approach. This approach prioritizes human existence as something that must be interpreted or interpreted. Phenomenology in this study basically seeks to uncover and describe the meaning of the position of DPRD members for competing local South Nias elites. The conclusions in this study reveal that the reality of the meaning of office is in the view of members of the South Nias DPRD, namely as a mandate, arena of contestation, and aspects of interests. The factors underlying the interest of South Nias DPRD members towards positions were formed in two spheres, namely the individual domain and the community domain. In the individual domain, their interest in the position is motivated by four factors, namely internal motivation, external motivation, skills, and goals. While in the community domain there are three factors, namely the previous orientation, current orientation, and future orientation. The motive of South Nias DPRD members in choosing to become officials in the ranks of the government bureaucracy is to become a direct actor in South Nias regional development. Being an official for members of the South Nias DPRD is important than that position held by people who do not care about the development of South Nias. If the position is held by people who do not understand the history, culture and customs of South Nias, it will be fatal.

IDENTIFICATION OF THE MINIMUM LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ON SOCIAL INSURANCE

The Polish social insurance system is a part of the social security scheme. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland imposes on the state an obligation to create such system and to fulfill social security guarantees for every citizen. Participation in the social insurance system, and thus insurance coverage in the field of the consequences of social risks, is strictly dependent on the fact of performing a gainful activity on the principles set out in the social insurance act (among others: work under a contract of employment or under a civil law contract and conducting business). The legality of employment and the employer fairness on the one hand, and the effectiveness of control authorities of state institutions on the other hand, are two driving engines of the insurance guarantee. Responsibility for providing such insurance protection lies between the institutional activities of the state and the individual foresight of the citizen. It is on his/her side that knowledge about social insurance plays a very important role as an element of risk awareness. The act on the social insurance system imposes on the Polish executive institution in the area of social insurance (the Polish social insurance institution, ZUS) the obligation to popularize this knowledge. The purpose of the article is the attempt to indicate the scope of a minimum knowledge of social insurance, which will allow a citizen to make a conscious participation in the system, i.e. effective protection against the results of the possible risks.

Інституційні основи модернізації політичних мереж моделі мовної політики

The institutional bases of of the language policy model are investigated. It is substantiated that the institutional basis for the of political networks of the language policy model is Ukrainian or other. language (at different times – it is Kiev, Church Slavonic, Old Ukrainian, Russian, etc.) as a state institution, which in the XV and XVI centuries. used in church translations and in the service of God. The language policy of affected the church sphere precisely when the Ukrainian church became independent, when priests had the opportunity to conduct services and read sermons in Ukrainian (Church Slavonic). The definition of modernization is given, which we understand as: cultural and democratic changes; renewal of the activity of a certain institution or branch, which carries significant vestiges of the past and is subordinated to its tasks; profound changes in the educational authoritarian worldview; revision of the principles of functioning of education, its reform in accordance with the new requirements. The activity of those institutions that the independent Ukrainian state inherited from the USSR is described, one of the reasons for its collapse is that this superpower tried to build a stateless monolingual society, which in the new democratic conditions cannot function constructively and fully. It turned out that ignoring national, in particular linguistic factors, was one of the factors of the viability of the empire, as a multinational state needs a pluralism of political and ideological views. Emphasis is placed on the fact that with the restoration of independence, new democratic institutions (the President’s Institute, the Legislative Institute, which is the Verkhovna Rada in Ukraine, the Executive Institute – the Cabinet of Ministers, and a network of judicial, communication, administrative, educational and other institutions) have defined the type of construction. model of language policy in Ukraine, which is monocultural, as well as – the democratic direction of development of its language policy. It is determined that the indicator of the political networks of the model is the Ukrainian language as a state institution, as well as other political institutions that regulate language policy, determine its vector of development and solve language and political problems. In this sense, it is revealed that the tension arises due to the competition of two main political institutions and their ideologies – national-democratic and communist, which provoke confrontation, for example, in areas of Ukrainian and Russian nationalisms. It was found that the of the political network of the language policy model took place during the rule of Kuchma and other pro-Russian politicians, who steadily and purposefully led the Ukrainian community to its polarization, division and language-political crisis. Given the activities of various political institutions, as well as the vision of the state and its model of language policy, it was found that between the right (national democratic political forces) and left (Communists, Socialists, Social Democrats, etc.) political institutions arise misunderstandings, confrontations and linguistic-political conflicts that occur during the discussion of language laws, their ratification and adoption. It has been proven that the functioning of the institutions that are the basis for the of the political network of the language policy model depends on the prevailing ideology, political culture of the subjects, political consciousness and political behavior.

Issue of fairness in modern Russian society and the humanitarization of education as a way to solve it

The research reflects on the contribution of the humanitarization of education in solving the problems of fairness in contemporary Russian society. The authors reveal the concepts of humanitarization of education and fairness, as well as analyze the relationship between the humanitarization of education and the crisis of value system, justifying the importance of creating conditions for the development of a humanitarian personality who has the competencies needed for orientation, and who is capable of self-actualization in the contemporary socio-cultural space. The authors attempt to explain the relationship between the process of humanitarization of education and the mechanism of achieving social fairness in Russian society. The research presents the attitude of individual stakeholders of educational services to the humanities in the university curricula. At the end of the research, the conclusion is made about the need for making joint managerial decisions by the federal executive authorities and educational institutions of Russia to enhance the role of higher education institutions in forming the population’s value system, as well as moral qualities of the individual.

執政制度の多様性の再検討 ―憲法の明示的規定に基づくデータセットの構築、1946～2020年

執政制度の多様性の再検討 ―憲法の明示的規定に基づくデータセットの構築、1946～2020年

The concept of a person who commits criminal offenses in the criminal executive institutions of a closed type

The concept of a person who commits criminal offenses in the criminal executive institutions of a closed type

Politics Political Dynamics and Accountability of Regional Budgets in Creating Budget Transparency

The article discusses the politics and accountability of regional budgets, which are used as an analysis in analyzing transparency, accountability and efficiency of regional finances. In this study, the authors used a qualitative approach with descriptive-critical methods with strength analysis and in the data processing using literature study. To discuss politics and accountability for local budgets, three conceptual frameworks are used. First, supervision to control and check the performance of regional governments in the implementation of regional autonomy and regional wealth management Strategies to improve local government performance. Second, the use of agencies as legal rules that are formulated indirectly by the government to carry out budget transparency by presenting data that will become one of the pillars in shaping public management. Illustrates that the legislature as an agent of government has the authority to take action by the executive. Third, a fiscal policy which aims to accelerate the country's economic activity, namely to increase economic growth. Where the fiscal policy executive to make a sustainable regional development plan. So that conclusion can be drawn that politics has an important role in creating transparency in regional financial budgets by involving the legislative and executive institutions. Where the legislative institution has a central role in discussing regional financial plans because it has the right to comb through budget items that are deemed less useful and give criticism to the executive if many of the proposed budget plans do not make sense or are prone to being a field of corruption. In addition,