Executive Device Research Articles

Linearization of limiters in systems «filter – limiter – filter»

There are many sets of linear and nonlinear devices in any radio engineering systems contains, they perform such operations with signals as generating electrical oscillations of various shapes, modulation, detection, frequency conversion and performing some other operations on signals, including logical operations that non-operational without which. When the signal and interference interact in nonlinear devices, signal jamming occurs, which is one of the main factors limiting the noise immunity of radio engineering information transmission systems, including radio control lines. The executive device of any types of the radio control lines contains a limiter. An executive device of any types of the radio control lines contains the limiter required. In this case, there is a sufficiently strong suppression of the signal by interference, which leads to a noticeable decrease in the potential and real noise immunity of the control radio line with binary coding during piecemeal processing of binary combination signals in the limiter, which is a classical nonlinear device. Losses in noise immunity can be compensated by switching to processing binary signals as a whole, while the limiter is transferred to the input of the circuit, where it acts as part of the filter – limiter–filter (FLF) system. The paper shows that the limiter operating in the FLF system with bandpass filters behaves like a linear device with all the consequences that follow from this. It is established that at low signal-to-noise ratios in the band of the first filter F1 at the equality takes place, where is the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the FLF system, which can be interpreted as the linearization of the limiter operating in the FLF system. The results obtained make it possible to use in radio control lines whole processing instead of piecemeal processing of binary signals using a limiter in the FLF system operating in the input circuits of the radio receiver, thereby obtaining a noticeable gain in noise immunity due to the linearization of the limiter works in FLF system.

Digital conversion in health care system and daily activities of a clinician

The article represents the issues of information and analytical support of clinicians. The article deals with the theory and practice of creating a digital subsystem of medical support for the population and a modern system for examination and treatment, the collection, storage and use of medical information in the databases of medical organizations, as well as data processing centers and situational control centers of the federal level or subjects of the Russian Federation. The basic principles of digital medicine, such as continuous development, mobility of doctors and patients, as well as the interaction of sensors and executive devices are discussed.

The list algorithms accuracy characteristics improvement based on Krohn’s algorithm and its modifications

The research of algorithms for uniform loading of devices for homogeneous information processing systems is a very important science-intensive task. An experimental approach was chosen for the research. This is primarily due to the fact that the analytical solution of the distribution problem gives solutions that are far from reality, since it is unable to take into account many factors that affect the computing machine during its operation. The aim of this research is to improve the accuracy characteristics of the list algorithms through the use of heuristic algorithms, such as Krohn’s algorithm and its modifications. This made it possible to obtain a more even distribution of tasks among executive devices, which can be networked workstations, processors or processor cores. The work uses list algorithms, such as the Critical Path algorithm and Pashkeev’s algorithm, as well as heuristic algorithms - Krohn’s algorithm and its modifications. The main idea of the research is to obtain the best suboptimal solution by improving the quality of the resulting distribution. In this case, with the help of the list algorithms, the initial distribution is formed, and its refinement is carried out through the application of the Krohn’s algorithm and its modifications. In fact, in the work, a number of symbiotic algorithms are examined and analyzed. For this, many computational experiments were carried out and a large amount of output data were collected, on the basis of which conclusions were drawn about the effectiveness of the solution obtained for each symbiotic group and for all groups as a whole.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMBINED RESERVOIR OF MIXTURE OF TECHNICAL COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS AS COMPONENT OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY

In this study the development, analysis and description of the sche­me of environment protection technology for the oil storage were carried out. The proposed scheme is provided for the utilization of vapors of technical combustible liquids stored at the enterprise, namely diesel fuel, gasoline and motor oil, formed during the manifestation of the phenomena of small and large reservoir breathing in significant quantities. Set of initial data and the mass hour­ly emission of such vapors into the en­vironment were obtained according to an improved approach. Development of a high-pressure storage reser­voir for such vapors as the executive device of environmental protection technology for the oil storage according to an improved approach was carried out. Parameters of the reciprocating compressor, which distills the mixture of such vapors from the low-pressure storage reservoir to the high-pressure sto­rage reservoir, compressing them, was selected. Calculation of the reservoir wall thickness ba­sed on the theory of strength of closed solid shells was carried out taking into account the mechanical properties of the wall material, namely steel 60, and the value of the pressure of the gaseous fluid in it. Magnitudes of weight of the deve­loped reservoir and the cost of materials for its manufacture were determinated. Design of a combined reservoir for the ac­cu­mu­lation of a volley of a mixture of such vapors with a system of intermediate cooling of the mixture after its compression by a reciprocating compressor and the pos­sibility of heating the condensate in the reservoir was de­ve­loped.

Design of local heterogeneous system control networks of a new generation with the preservation of the optimality of the main topological functionals of the network

The paper discusses On-Board Computing Control Systems (OBCS) in astronautics, avionics, autonomous mobile devices, robotics, weapons control and multi-core microprocessors. This is sort of a “backbone”, which unites many sensors, calculators, control and executive devices. The architecture of these networks was developed some 30-40 years ago. At that time, these systems met the technical conditions in terms of dynamics and reliability. Nowadays, these systems must perform their functions for 10 to 15 years without maintenance. The performance of system networks must be high enough to solve such tasks as monitoring “swarms” that comprise hundreds of objects or work as a “garbage collectors” in space orbits. Nevertheless modern system networks continue to be based on bus or multi-bus architectures. Since these systems are serial for active nodes, a multi-bus solution is a main way to increase the performance of networks by using very high frequencies that amount to 2 ÷ 4 GHz. It’s an extensive path of development, which is problematic. More acceptable would be an intensive path of development, which, in electronics and computer engineering, is associated with the parallelism of task execution. It means that the operating frequencies may not be ultra-high, not exceeding that of modern devices for frequencies of 10 – 600 MHz. However, such devices should work in a parallel mode. The paper proposes a new approach to designing of heterogeneous parallel control system networks, solving parallel tasks, and a conflict-free management of “passive” nodes. To the best of our knowledge, such control system networks are not available as yet.

РАЗРАБОТКА АППАРАТНО-ПРОГРАММНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ МИКРОКЛИМАТОМ ТЕПЛИЦЫ

The development of Internet technologies allows remote control of various devices. The paper presents a description of a greenhouse microclimate control device with remote control. There are used the concept of the Internet of Things, which allows to remotely control devices using cloud services. The Internet of Things is one of the popular trends in the networking environment allowing data to be transferred between devices. There is no need to write a program to transfer data, it is enough to use one of the many existing cloud services. The cloud service records the microclimate parameters and displays them on-line on the user's computer or phone. The user can observe the data received from the sensors installed in the greenhouse and control the executive devices, namely, turn on and off the heating, irrigation, lighting and opening of the vents. The device under development will help not only take the microclimate indicators in the room and transfer them via the Internet to a personal computer or telephone while being remote from the measurement object, but also control the actuators inside the greenhouse. The functional requirements for the developed device are determined, the block diagram of the device is shown, the main element of which is the Arduino Uno board, on which not only the microcontroller is located, but also the connectors of external devices. The user interface is presented and described, which provides interaction between a user and a control object, developed in the IoControl cloud service, and the stages of its development are also presented. The modes of microclimate control and the corresponding actuators and variables are considered.

Experimental studies of the thermal management system for an electric vehicle in the X-In-The-Loop environment

This article presents the experience of conducting experimental studies of the thermal management system (TMS) intended for the traction electric drive of an electric vehicle, which has each of its wheels driven by an in-wheel motor, in the X-In-the-Loop environment. The paper describes the experimental bench of the thermal management system, which makes it possible to simulate the operating conditions of the high-voltage components of the traction drive of an electric vehicle from the point of view of thermal-hydraulic characteristics. A brief description of the mathematical model used in real-time calculations during both local and collaborative experimental studies is given. The process of collaborative testing of the TMS of high-voltage components of the traction drive of an electric vehicle, in the X-In-the-Loop environment, as well as the results, is demonstrated. A similar approach used in the development of TMS allows increasing the efficiency of the system developed, by optimizing the control algorithm for the executive devices of the TMS, reducing the weight, as well as the overall dimensions of the components, and conducting a detailed analysis of each component. It is also worth noting that the use of collaborative experimental research in the X-In-the-Loop environment will reduce the cost of the experiment, as well as, ultimately, the cost of the product, since with such an approach there is no need for a real test object for each company engaged in the development of one or another electric.

Analysis results of experimental operation of the protection complex of long perimeters VM 8018

In recent years, technical means of perimeter security are becoming more widespread, which is due to their increasing efficiency of protection from unauthorized access by intruders to protected facilities. The high competition of manufacturers of such means has led to the emergence of a variety of technical solutions for detection means (hereinafter referred to as DT) operating on different physical principles and designed to solve specific problems. The main purpose of the DT is to ensure the detection of the facts of intruders' penetration through the guarded obstacle. Considering that the methods of intruders' penetration are varied (destruction of fences, climbing over the fence, digging under the fence, etc.), the creation of an effective security system using only one type of DT is a problematic task. At the same time, the autonomous use of many types of DT leads to the fact that there will be a large number of technical means in the duty room, which increase not only the time and financial costs for their maintenance, but also increase the requirements for the competence of the duty personnel. Research Institute of Electronic Computers has developed the complex VM 8018, designed to automate the process of protecting extended perimeters of objects for various purposes, including sections of the state border, perimeters and premises of outposts, extendedperimeters of industrial and military facilities, as well as controlling executive devices (electric drives for gates and gates, lighting etc.), video surveillance.

МЕТОДЫ АНАЛИЗА ВОЗМОЖНЫХ СОСТОЯНИЙ ОБЪЕКТА ДИАГНОСТИРОВАНИЯ.

The development of new methods of technical diagnostics is an important task aimed at improving the efficiency and safety of the operation of industrial equipment. Such methods are complexes of jointly used methods for obtaining diagnostic information, methods for extracting from it the actual data on the technical state of the diagnosed objects, and methods for organizing diagnostic processes. Complex technical systems are characterized by complex nonlinear interactions between their constituent elements, complex scenarios of causal relationships between hazardous, probabilistic events and processes occurring during their operation. These scenarios can be implemented in complex scenario trees. Features of technical diagnostics of complex technical systems are determined by the distinctive properties of failures in such systems and scenarios. The technical diagnostics system is an information-measuring system and contains sensors of controlled parameters, communication lines with an information collection unit, executive devices, devices for interfacing with other information-measuring and control systems. Methods of technical diagnostics serve as the basis for constructing such a system. The current level and prospects for the development of diagnostic tools, flaw detection and automated control open real possibilities of using methods of maintenance and repair of equipment by a technical condition. The greatest effect from the use of such a system is achieved when operating complex equipment, preventive repair of which is associated with high costs, and emergency repair.

A Distributed Truthful Auction Mechanism for Task Allocation in Mobile Cloud Computing

In mobile cloud computing, offloading resource-demanded applications from mobile devices to remote cloud servers can alleviate the resource scarcity of mobile devices, whereas long distance communication may incur high communication latency and energy consumption. As an alternative, fortunately, recent studies show that exploiting the unused resources of the nearby mobile devices for task execution can reduce the energy consumption and communication latency. Nevertheless, it is non-trivial to encourage mobile devices to share their resources or execute tasks for others. To address this issue, we construct an auction model to facilitate the resource trading between the owner of the tasks and the mobile devices participating in task execution. Specifically, the owners of the tasks act as bidders by submitting bids to compete for the resources available at mobile devices. We design a distributed auction mechanism to fairly allocate the tasks, and determine the trading prices of the resources. Moreover, an efficient payment evaluation process is proposed to prevent against the possible dishonest activity of the seller on the payment decision, through the collaboration of the buyers. We prove that the proposed auction mechanism can achieve certain desirable properties, such as computational efficiency, individual rationality, truthfulness guarantee of the bidders, and budget balance. Simulation results validate the performance of the proposed auction mechanism.

PITEM: Permutations-Based Instruction Tracking Via Electromagnetic Side-Channel Signal Analysis

The emergence of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and internet of things (IoT) devices impose significant security and privacy concerns that necessitate robust monitoring and malware detection systems. This paper proposes PITEM, a framework for instruction-level monitoring and malware detection using electromagnetic (EM) side-channels. PITEM identifies instruction types with similar EM emanations using hierarchical clustering. To track all combinations of these instruction types, we generate EM signatures for all permutations of them. In testing, we predict the permutation class of testing traces by a matched-filter-like predictor. We test the performance on two devices (FPGA-based and ARM-based) with 50 MHz and 1 GHz clock frequencies. We achieve 95.67% and 87.35% accuracies for these devices for single execution of permutations. We note that the accuracy increases to 100% when permutation blocks are repeated. Furthermore, we test the limits of the system by tracking permutations of instructions of the same type. With sufficient bandwidth and number of repetitions, individual instructions can be resolved with 87.5% and 95.78% accuracies for these devices. The performance is evaluated for different relative signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels and performance is stable for relative SNR values > 15 dB. Finally, we demonstrate PITEMs ability to detect fine-grained malware with 99.89% accuracy.

Simulation research on miniature planar induction heater with cavity

This paper studies a new type of miniature planar induction heater through simulation. The miniature plane induction heater consists of a metal heating plate, a glass slide and a plane coil. The metal micro heating plate is designed with a cavity of a specific size. Since the cavity contains residual gas, when the micro heating plate is heated, hot bubbles will be generated in the cavity better and faster. Through the analysis of the energy density, eddy current density, and temperature distribution of the metal micro heating plate, it is found that the cavities play a very good role in the concentration of eddy current and the increase of energy. This kind of micro planar induction heater can be used for various hot bubbles to drive micro execution devices, such as micro ejectors, micro mixers and micro pumps.

Fluid-to-cell assignment and fluid loading on programmable microfluidic devices for bioprotocol execution

Being a structure like a two-dimensional (2D) array of microvalves and cells, Programmable Microfluidic Device PMD biochips have the characteristics of reconfigurability and flexibility unlike conventional flow-based microfluidic biochips. In recent years, several design automation techniques for PMD biochips have been reported. For automated control of the PMD chip implementing a bioprotocol, one of the important tasks is to minimize the number of fluid flows for loading the reactant fluids into specific cells before the bioprotocol is executed. In this work we intensively study the fluid loading problem for PMD chips and we propose a two-phase approach to solve this problem. First, we propose a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) based method, called loading-aware fluid-to-cell assignment (LAFCA) in order to obtain a suitable fluid-to-cell assignment, which will be beneficial for fluid loading phase. Then we propose an exact method, called CSP-based loading algorithm (CSPLA) and a near-optimal heuristic method, called determining flows from the last (DFL), for determining a sequence of fluid flows required to load different fluids into the cells of a PMD chip. We formulate CSPLA as a single objective optimization problem to minimize the total number of flows. For the output as a sequence of fluid flows we define three loading parameters, the total number of flows (K), the total number of 90° bends in all flow paths (B), and the total flow path length (L). Simulation results confirm that LAFCA combined with CSPLA outperforms (K, B and L reduced by 63.9%, 31.7% and 59.9%, respectively) the state-of-the-art method fluid loading algorithm for PMD (FLAP) [Gupta et al., TODAES, 2019]. Whereas, LAFCA combined with DFL can reduce the loading parameters K, B and L by 61.2%, 20.8% and 57.4%, respectively over using only FLAP. Also from the overall simulation results we can conclude that for many testcases, DFL can find the near-optimal Ks.

A Novel Loss-of-Excitation Protection Strategy Based on Reactive Power Increment of Synchronous Generators

This paper outlines a novel loss of excitation (LOE) protection scheme for synchronous generators (SGs) based on reactive power increment (RPI) strategy and tracking the variation of SG output voltage (<i>V_SG</i>). When variation of the <i>V_SG</i> exceeds lesser than a specified threshold value, the proposed RPI strategy is triggered and <i>V_SG</i> deviation is analyzed. For RPI execution, generated reactive power by SG (<i>Q_SG</i>) is shifted in increment direction. Following the applying RPI strategy, the <i>V_SG</i> does not have any increasing changes during LOE events due to lack of excitation system to provide the required field current; while for Non-LOE (NLOE) events, <i>V_SG</i> will be increased. Therefore, this provided feature by RPI strategy can properly and immediately cluster all LOE&#x002F;NLOE events even under worst-scenarios. Due to power quality issues, the value of the shifted reactive power (<i>&#x0394;Q_SG</i>) is considered small as much as possible. Meanwhile, it does not require any extra devices for execution. The exhaustive simulation studies on the power system prove that, the proposed scheme is quite reliable for clustering all LOE&#x002F;NLOE events, and is much faster than other available methods.

Control system of temperature of locomotives traction frequency converters

The features of the control systems of temperature of the traction frequency converters consisted of rectifier, capacitor and voltage source inverter for traction rolling stock are discussed. The induction motor is considered as a load for traction frequency converter. The dependence of the number of thermal cycles from semiconductor junction temperature fluctuations before the failure of the semiconductor device are shown. The topology and operation principle of automatic temperature control system of voltage source inverter semiconductor devices of traction frequency converter are developed and described. The system is based on air forced cooling with the use of fan or blower as an executive regulation device. The main feature of the proposed system is the additional reference of switching frequency that allows to reduce the semiconductor temperature fluctuations. The elements of switching frequency control loop are chosen and evaluated, the recommendations on practical implementations are given. Simulation of automatic temperature control system in Matlab with both references of semiconductor junction temperature and its fluctuation was carried out with all essential nonlinearities of induction motors and semiconductor devices taken into account. Results of simulation are included and discussed.

Применение дифференциальных трансформаторов тока утечки в автоматизированной системе предотвращения пожаров в электросети промышленных объектов

Introduction. The occurrence of severe consequences of accidents in the electrical networks of industrial facilities depends on how correctly the automated systems for protection, detection and extinguishing of fire are selected. One of the reasons for the occurrence of a fire hazardous situation in electrical networks is the violation of the insulation and sheath of the electrical cable due to its aging or mechanical damage. Timely detection of the pre-fire state of electrical equipment is ensured by using an automated control system for electrical equipment using a differential leakage current transformer (DLCT). The automated control system for electrical equipment using a differential leakage current transformer is designed for early detection of the location of current leakage in the protected power and (or) lighting group (the electric motor and the power cable supplying it and other parts of the electrical equipment) and the issuance of information to the post with permanent duty personnel. Targets and goals. Improving fire safety of industrial facilities by using an automated control system for electrical equipment using a differential leakage current transformer. Methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, which were based on the provisions of the theory of probability and the theory of reliability. Research results. It is proposed to use DLCT for the protection of high-current electrical receivers in various sections of networks, taking into account selectivity as part of an automated fire prevention system. Conclusions. The use of an automated control system for electrical equipment upon detection of leakage currents makes it possible to: - timely detection of the place of occurrence of leakage currents, detection of the pre-fire condition of electrical cables by leakage currents; - transmission of information about the state of electrical cables to a higher level of the automated control system for electrical equipment; - disconnection of the cable line from power sources and power consumers on command from a programmable controller; - preventing the spread of fire along the cable route and along adjacent structural elements, enclosing structures and technological units; - activation of executive devices by the operator in an automated mode. Key words: accident, analysis, fire, explosion, risk, statistics, reliability, electrical equipment.

Digital control of structurally unstable power facilities using a polynomial approach

The problem of improving the quality of control of structurally unstable power facilities is viewed based on a polynomial controller with a dynamic change in settings using the inverse pendulum on a carriage as an example. The mathematical model of the control object was built; a polynomial controller was synthesized using the method of symbolic computation of systems of differential equations with an additional input for specifying the geometric mean root from the outside. Reverse pendulum model on a carriage and a model of regulators were created using the MATLAB Simulink visual modeling environment to analyze the quality and parameters of the created control system. As a result of modeling, direct dependence of the position setting time of pendulum on the value of the geometric mean root was obtained which confirmed the possibility of external control of the speed of the control system. The possibility to control the control actions level to prevent saturation of executive devices was investigated and confirmed. In fact, a system of external parametric control of the processes dynamics was created and the described regulator does not require adaptation and training.

ВАРІАНТ СТРУКТУРИ СИСТЕМИ АВТОМАТИЧНОЇ СТАБІЛІЗАЦІЇ ПЛАТФОРМИ АНТЕННОГО ПОЛЯ РУХОМОГО ОБ’ЄКТУ

The article proposes a variant of constructing a digital system for automatic stabilization of the antenna field platform located on an object (vehicle), and also considers the structural diagrams of control channels. The choice of executive devices to ensure the performance and accuracy of the system is substantiated. The conditions of use, restrictions and initial data necessary for the synthesis of the automatic stabilization system are determined, the principles of calculating by the system - the coordinates of the position of the antenna field platform in space - are highlighted.The prerequisites for the use of a platform with stabilization at the facility is the need to ensure the most efficient use of communication facilities (antenna systems) in a complex electromagnetic environment and to reduce the deployment (folding) time, adjust radio and satellite communications in the operational-tactical and tactical control levels.The system of automatic stabilization of the antenna field platform will provide optimal conditions for the interaction of antenna systems that are part of the antenna field of radio-electronic means of the compact constellation. Optimal conditions should be understood as vertical placement of omnidirectional antennas, the possibility of changing the position of directional antennas in the azimuthal plane and ensuring the electromagnetic compatibility of radio electronic means. The deviation of the platform from the required angular positions of the reference coordinate system can be determined by accelerometers or other devices that measure the linear acceleration of an object in a given plane.It is proposed to stabilize the platform through two channels for each of the axes. The angular position of the stabilized platform in space is specified in the reference coordinate system, which is not associated with a moving object (vehicle) that is moving, and in a moving coordinate system, it is rigidly connected with this object. It is proposed to use an inertial coordinate system as a reference coordinate system, that is, motionless relative to the horizon, which is oriented at a given point on the earth's surface. The proposed automatic system is universal, with the ability to adapt to the driving performance of a moving object. Adaptability is ensured by the presence in the control loop of an automatic stabilization system of circuits, the parameters of the transfer functions of which are pre-calculated for the tactical and technical characteristics of the moving object.

Aircraft Turbine Engine Automatic Control Based on Adaptive Dynamic Models

Abstract One of the most perspective development directions of the aircraft engine is the application of adaptive digital automatic control systems (ACS). The significant element of the adaptation is the correction of mathematical models of both engine and its executive, measuring devices. These models help to solve tasks of control and are a combination of static models and dynamic models, as static models describe relations between parameters at steady-state modes, and dynamic ones characterize deviations of the parameters from static values. The work considers problems of the models’ correction using parametric identification methods. It is shown that the main problem of the precise engine simulation is the correction of the static model. A robust procedure that is based on a wide application of a priori information about performances of the engine and its measuring system is proposed for this purpose. One of many variants of this procedure provides an application of the non-linear thermodynamic model of the working process and estimation of individual corrections to the engine components’ characteristics with further substitution of the thermodynamic model by approximating on-board static model. Physically grounded estimates are obtained based on a priori information setting about the estimated parameters and engine performances, using fuzzy sets. Executive devices (actuators) and the most inertial temperature sensors require correction to their dynamic models. Researches showed, in case that the data for identification are collected during regular operation of ACS, the estimates of dynamic model parameters can be strongly correlated that reasons inadmissible errors. The reason is inside the substantial limitations on transients’ intensity that contain regular algorithms of acceleration/deceleration control. Therefore, test actions on the engine are required. Their character and minimum composition are determined using the derived relations between errors in model coefficients, measurement process, and control action parameters.

Simulation of the hydraulic system of a device with self-adaptation by power and kinematic parameters on the working body

At present, Russia has adopted a course towards the creation of intelligent machines and equipment. This also applies to mobile technological machines for road construction and municipal purposes, the difficult operating conditions of which and the complexity of the proposed technical solutions hinder the implementation of this project in practice. Therefore, the design and creation of executive devices with a self-adaptation function for this class of technology is an urgent task. Materials and methods. A device with a hydraulic drive function with self-adaptation to load and coordination of kinematic and power parameters of the main movement and feed movement of the working body of a rock drilling rig is presented. For research and design of the device based on the methods of mathematical modeling of the hydraulic drive and adaptive systems, its mathematical model is proposed. Discussion and conclusion. The mathematical model presented in the article shows the fundamental possibility of the proposed device for implementing the principle of self-adaptation in terms of load under external and internal disturbing influences during its operation.