Exclusive Process Research Articles

Imprinting New Physics by Using Angular Profiles of the Flavor-Changing-Neutral-Current Process Bc → Ds* (→ Dsπ) ℓ+ℓ-

Abstract The decays governed by the flavor-changing-neutral-current (FCNC) transitions, such as $b\rightarrow s\ell ^{+}\ell ^{-}$, provide an important tool to test the physics in and beyond the Standard Model (SM). This work focuses on investigating the FCNC process $B_{c}\rightarrow D_{s}^{*} \left(\rightarrow D_{s}\pi \right)\ell ^{+}\ell ^{-}(\ell =e,\mu ,\tau )$. Being an exclusive process, the initial and final state meson matrix elements involve the form factors, which are nonperturbative quantities and need to be calculated using specific models. By using the form factors calculated in the covariant light-front quark model, we analyze the branching fractions and angular observables such as the forward-backward asymmetry $A_{\mathrm{ FB}}$, polarization fractions (longitudinal and transverse) $F_{L(T)}$, CP asymmetry coefficients $A_{i}$, and CP-averaged angular coefficients $S_{i}$, both in the SM and in some new physics (NP) scenarios. Some of these physical observables are a potential source of finding the physics beyond the SM and help us to distinguish various NP scenarios.

Photoproduction of the X(3872) beyond vector meson dominance: the open-charm coupled-channel mechanism

Hidden-charm exotic hadrons will be searched for and investigated at future electron–ion colliders. For instance, the X(3872) can be produced through the exclusive process γ p → X(3872)p. The vector meson dominance model has been commonly employed in estimating the cross sections of such processes. However, the coupled-channel production mechanism through open-charm meson-baryon intermediate states may play a crucial role. To assess the significance of such contributions, we estimate the cross section of the γ p → X(3872)p reaction assuming the coupled-channel mechanism. For energies near the threshold, the total cross section is predicted to be of tens of nanobarns for γ p → X(3872)p, which can be measured at future experimental facilities. Furthermore, the open-charm coupled-channel mechanism leads to a distinct line shape of the total cross section that can be utilized to reveal the production dynamics.

Deep exclusive meson production as a probe to the puzzle of Λ hyperon polarization

In the 1970s, an unexpected transverse Λ polarization in unpolarized proton-beryllium collisions was discovered, which initiated extensive studies on spin phenomena in high-energy physics. Over the past five decades, similar transverse Λ polarization has been observed across various collision systems, including lepton-hadron deep-inelastic scattering, hadron-hadron collisions, and electron-positron collisions. Despite numerous promising theoretical models, the fundamental mechanism underlying this polarization phenomenon remains inconclusive to this day. However, in both longitudinally and transversely polarized lepton-hadron and hadron-hadron collisions, it is found that the Λ hyperon is polarized with respect to the initial parton spin direction. How the Λ hyperon acquires its spin has become one of the most crucial questions to address in order to resolve this puzzle. In this paper, I propose to use an exclusive process that can be measured at the Electron-Ion Collider, the deep exclusive meson production, to explicitly test the mechanism of Λ polarization. The outcomes of this experimental measurement are anticipated to unveil the dominant mechanism by which Λ obtains its spin, eliminating many of the ambiguities that have been encountered in previous studies. Finally, experimental challenges and requirements are discussed. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Assessing the application of a biochar-supported iron oxide catalyst to the treatment of imidacloprid by photo-Fenton technologies

Emerging contaminants entail a great challenge to conventional treatment systems because they are not able to remove most of these bio-recalcitrant compounds. In particular, the presence of pesticides, such as imidacloprid, in the environment is a great hazard to soil microbiota, pollinating insects, and the aquatic environment. This research aims to enhance the treatment efficiency of advanced oxidation processes applied to the removal of bio-recalcitrant pollutants that are present in stormwater by assessing the application of a newly designed, economical, and efficient treatment alternative. Specifically, solar and LED (365 and 420 nm) heterogeneous photo-Fenton processes were carried out to remove a concentration of 5 mg·L−1 of imidacloprid, which was selected as the model pollutant that has been identified present in stormwater, using a magnetic iron oxides catalyst supported on pinewood waste biochar. The removal kinetics and mineralization of this contaminant were determined under the effect of the natural pH value of the solution and under a circumneutral pH environment, and heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic contributions to the process were assessed. All these treatments achieved the successful efficient removal of the contaminant whether applying LED (UVA or visible blue) or solar radiation. The heterogeneous photo-Fenton treatment using a magnetic iron oxide catalyst supported on pinewood waste biochar totally removed imidacloprid after 10 minutes of oxidation at the initial natural pH value of the solution using 365 nm UVA LED radiation. Moreover, a 70% TOC removal was addressed after 60 minutes of treatment. The solar version of this heterogeneous photo-Fenton process removed the contaminant after 60 minutes of reaction, together to a TOC removal of the 60–65% after 120 minutes of treatment, including certain photolytic contribution; as well as it showed very efficient results under the effect of a circumneutral pH value. The assessed biochar-supported iron oxide catalyst was displayed as very stable under all the tested reaction conditions and its heterogeneous contribution to the process was confirmed superior to an exclusive homogeneous process.

Mef2d regulates mutually exclusive expression of IgZ and IgM isotypes through epigenetic modulation in a zebrafish model

The discovery of IgZ, or its counterpart IgT, represents a novel immunoglobulin isotype (named ζ or τ) found in teleosts, introducing a new member to the existing Ig classes (µ, δ, γ, α, and ε) among vertebrates. The distinctive intrachromosomal organization of ighz and ighm loci implies the necessity of a distinct, mutually exclusive recombination process for the independent generation of IgZ and IgM isotypes. However, the molecular mechanisms governing this process remain elusive. In this study, we unveil the regulatory function of myocyte enhancer factor 2D (Mef2d) in the assembly of ighz genes through epigenetic modulation in a zebrafish model. Mechanistically, Mef2d selectively hinders the recombination of ighm locus in IgZ+ B cells by binding to the 3′Eµ site of the ighm locus and helping establish a repressive modification pattern of H3K4me0/H3K9me2/H3K27me2 in Dµ/Jµ regions through recruiting the co-repressive Sin3/Hdac1 complex with the assistance of cohesin complex and Setdb1/Ezh2 methyltransferases. Consequently, this renders the Dµ/Jµ regions inaccessible to Rag1/2, thus preventing ighm rearrangement. As a pivotal regulator for IgZ isotype production, Mef2d exhibits differential expression in committed IgZ+ B cells, a process regulated by the Il-7/Il-7r-mediated p38 Mapk signaling pathway. These results indicate the existence of a unique isotypic exclusion mechanism underlying recombination between ighz and ighm locus in teleosts. This mechanism highlights an unrecognized strategy for generating diverse isotypes in vertebrates, distinct from the well-established class switch recombination process. This study significantly contributes to our understanding of paradigms, diversifications, and the evolutionary history of vertebrate adaptive immunity.

Inferential confusion in the worldview of individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD): a qualitative approach

Introduction. The Inference-based Approach (IBA) is an etiologic, therapeutic research paradigm regarding inferential confusion (IC) as an exclusive metacognitive process of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). IC is the rational tendency of individuals with OCD to underrate abstract data and personal experiences and overrate hypothetical possibilities. IC therefore fosters uncertainty and facilitates the justification of obsessive constructs. IBA has noted that qualitative research on IC and the exploration of IC in non-OCD cognitive constructs are required to refine cognitive and therapeutic OCD models. This could help clarify whether OCD treatment by IBA is overlooking non-obsessive IC habits which, if left untreated, could compromise treatment success. Objective. To identify the possible influence of IC on non-obsessive, cognitive worldview constructs of individuals with OCD and to compare these constructs with those of individuals without OCD. Method. Twenty-five semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted, 15 with individuals with OCD and 10 with a comparison group without OCD or OCD symptoms. Data were collected and analyzed using Grounded Theory methodology. Results. IC was identified in the non-obsessive cognitive worldview constructs of every participant with OCD. IC was not identified in the comparative group. Discussion and conclusion. The results suggest that IC affects the rational composition of non-obsessive cognitive worldview constructs of individuals with OCD. The implications this could have for the cognitive and therapeutic models of OCD are discussed.

WS-AWRE: Intrusion Detection Using Optimized Whale Sine Feature Selection and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Weighted Random Forest Classifier

An IDS (Intrusion Detection System) is essential for network security experts, as it allows one to identify and respond to abnormal traffic present in a network. An IDS can be utilized for evaluating the various types of malicious attacks. Hence, detecting intrusions has become a significant research area in the contemporary era, especially with the evolution of technologies. With the progress of ML (Machine Learning)-based algorithms, researchers have striven to perform optimal ID. However, most of these studies lag in accordance with their accuracy rate. Thus, to attain a high accuracy rate in ID, the present study proposes ML-based meta-heuristic algorithms, as these approaches possess innate merits of determining near-optimal solutions in limited time and are capable of dealing with multi-dimensional data. The study proposes OWSA (Optimal Whale Sine Algorithm) for selecting suitable and relevant features. With an exclusive optimization process using the SCA (Sine Cosine Algorithm), this study proposes to combine SCA with WOA (Whale Optimization Algorithm) for mitigating the demerits of both, with its hybridization thereby achieving OWSA. Following this, AWRF (Artificial Neural Network Weighted Random Forest) is proposed for classification. The main intention of this process is to propose a weight-updating process for discrete trees in the RF model. The proposed approach is motivated by avoiding overfitting and attaining stability and flexibility. This approach is assessed with regard to performance via a comparative analysis, so as to uncover the best performance of this proposed technique in ID.

Study of nucleon structure using hadron beam at J-PARC

Recently, 30-GeV proton beam became available at the high momentum beamline of the J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility. A following project of beamline upgrade will make available negative and positive secondary π/K/p beam up to 20 GeV/c. We will study the nucleon partonic structure utilizing the high-momentum hadron beams. The generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of nucleon can be accessed by various single diffractive hard exclusive processes (SDHEPs): a pure hadronic process (p + p → p + π + B), a diphoton production process (π− + p → γ + γ + n), and an exclusive Drell-Yan process (π− + p → μ+ + μ− + n). Measurements of these reactions give complementary information of nucleon GPDs to one from lepton-induced exclusive reactions.

SRM on the table: the role of geoengineering for the stability and effectiveness of climate coalitions

Geoengineering, including solar radiation management (SRM), has received increasing scrutiny due to the rise of climate extremes and slow progress in mitigating global carbon emissions. This climate policy option, even as a possibility, can have consequential implications for international climate governance. Here, we study how solar engineering affects the effectiveness and stability of a large set of regional coalitions through numerical simulations. We posit a requirement in terms of global political or economic power and analyze the exclusive membership coalition formation process when coalitions jointly decide on geoengineering and mitigation. We show that geoengineering can provide incentives for cooperation and partially solve the typical trade-off between stability and effectiveness of climate coalitions. However, temperature reduction mostly comes from deploying SRM within the coalition rather than from further emission reductions, thus exposing the world to relatively large-scale deployment of SRM with as of today uncertain potential side effects and risks.

CALCULATING THE UNCERTAINTY OF MULTI-FUNCTIONAL EQUIPMENT AND PREPARATION OF THE UNCERTAINTY BUDGET

Measuring uncertainty is not easy to calculate. Due to the large number of factors and parameters affecting the process during uncertainty assessment of complex objects, it is necessary to perform a correct assessment. In automated processes and automatically controlled systems, the factors affecting the measurement result are different. Engineers have trouble estimating uncertainty. Therefore, it is necessary to disclose an exclusive six-step process to calculate the measurement uncertainty and put together these instructions. Learn how to calculate measurement uncertainty in six easy-to-use steps. Also, what information is needed to calculate the uncertainty, how to obtain the uncertainty capability, and how to use calculations to obtain an overestimation or underestimation of the uncertainty. In addition, you can get some exclusive tips to help you calculate uncertainty like a pro with the help of the extract. Both production equipment and production systems can never be completely described or predicted. It is a contradiction for an engineer to get an accurate measurement and get the process right. Even if the engineer performs the measurement at a very high level, there will still be additional effects on the measurement result and the measurement process. Accordingly, this article can be used to estimate uncertainty. Keywords: Uncertainty, uncertainty calculation, distribution, budget, standard deviation, A and B type of uncertainty, expanded and combined uncertainty.

Physical Aspects of Chemical Carcinogenesis

This study investigated the effects of chemical carcinogenesis induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz (α) anthracene (DMBA) in mice. The respiratory activity of isolated mitochondria in mouse livers was investigated at various times after the subcutaneous administration of DMBA. Our findings indicated that DMBA derivatives did not exhibit damaging effects on mitochondrial membranes. On the contrary, they showed a stimulating effect on the phosphorylation process compared with the control. This paper discusses the possible role of coherent electromagnetic radiation in biological systems. Additionally, data on the non-chemical interactions between isolated mitochondria and the material (plexiglass and quartz) of the incubation cells were considered. Carcinogenesis was previously considered an exclusive process of biochemical and genetic disorders. However, recent studies have increasingly focused on the physical aspects of carcinogenesis, such as the influence of various wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation on biological systems, the special energy organization of the intracellular space associated with the architectonics of mitochondria and microtubules, and the generation of coherent electromagnetic waves. It was assumed that the biological features of the malignant cells were due to the violation of the electrodynamic parameters of the intracellular space, and the initiating factor was the intrinsic emission of carcinogenic substances. The results of this study indicated that non-chemical factors influenced the mitochondrial poly-enzyme system and confirmed the importance of the non-chemical effect of a carcinogen on bio-objects by examining respiration and phosphorylation of isolated mouse liver mitochondria at various times after the subcutaneous injection of DMBA.

Light-cone distribution amplitudes of a light baryon in large-momentum effective theory

Momentum distributions of quarks/gluons inside a light baryon in a hard exclusive process are encoded in the light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs). In this work, we point out that the leading twist LCDAs of a light baryon can be obtained through a simulation of a quasi-distribution amplitude calculable on lattice QCD within the framework of the large-momentum effective theory. We calculate the one-loop perturbative contributions to LCDA and quasi-distribution amplitudes and explicitly demonstrate the factorization of quasi-distribution amplitudes at the one-loop level. Based on the perturbative results, we derive the matching kernel in the overline{textrm{MS}} scheme and regularization-invariant momentum-subtraction scheme. Our result provides a first step to obtaining the LCDA from first principle lattice QCD calculations in the future.

GTMDs and the factorization of exclusive double Drell-Yan

Different exclusive processes have been proposed to access the generalized transverse momentum dependent distributions (GTMDs) with no proof of factorization, which allows to rigorously define the GTMDs. Using Soft Collinear Effective Theory we derive for the first time the factorization of the differential cross section for the exclusive double Drell-Yan process πN→N′γ⁎γ⁎→N′(ℓ+ℓ−)(ℓ+ℓ−), for small transverse momenta of the photons in terms of a perturbatively calculable hard factor, GTMDs and light-cone wave functions (LCWFs). We find that the hard factor of the process can be obtained from single inclusive Drell-Yan production so that one can resum logarithms at high orders in QCD. We also discuss the evolution of the GTMDs and the LCWFs.

Study of Helical Antenna Endowing Short Wire Length and Compact Structure for High-Frequency Operations and Its Exclusive Manufacturing Process

In this paper a study of a helical antenna resonating at high-frequency (HF) band with a very compact structure is reported. The designed antenna's S11 parameter magnitude change with frequency was calculated for different geometrical parameters. For each case, first, only a single parameter was changed. Then for a fair comparison, multiple parameters were changed simultaneously while the total wire length was set to be constant. Also, shifts in resonance frequencies and variations in -10 dB bandwidths were investigated. Our results show that resonance behaviour changes distinctively with the geometrical parameters and it allows shortening of the antenna wire length. For the designed antenna, the resonances shift to lower frequencies and -10 dB bandwidths around the resonances decrease as the winding wire thickness, number of turns, and turn radius increase. Whereas as the turn spacing increases the resonances shift to higher frequencies and -10 dB bandwidths widen, although the total wire length of the antenna increases. To verify the simulation results, the designed antenna was fabricated with an exclusive manufacturing process and characterized. The measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation results. It demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed manufacturing technique, which is new in the literature and enables accurate and rigid antenna fabrication with simple and low-cost steps.

Study of the central exclusive production of π+π−, K+K−, and pp̄ pairs in proton-proton collisions at s = 510 GeV with the STAR detector at RHIC

We report on the measurement of the central exclusive production process [Formula: see text] in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] GeV with the STAR detector at RHIC. At this energy, the process is dominated by a double Pomeron exchange mechanism. The tracks of the centrally produced system [Formula: see text] were reconstructed in the central detector of STAR, the time projection chamber and the time of flight systems. Particles were identified using the ionization energy loss and the time of flight method. The diffractively scattered protons, moving intact inside the RHIC beam pipe after the collision, were measured in the Roman Pots system allowing full control of the interaction’s kinematics and verification of its exclusivity. Preliminary results on the invariant mass distributions of centrally produced [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] pairs measured within the STAR acceptance are presented.

Scientometric analysis-based review of drought indices for assessment and monitoring of drought

The major cause of a drought is due to the variations in the climatic conditions and the anthropogenic effects. Due to climate change and inadequate rainfall, the moisture in soil gets affected which reduces the supply of water to the vegetation and also to the groundwater resources. The onset of drought is difficult to predict but it can be monitored with the help of various influential parameters. Suitable drought resilience techniques should be adopted to recover the loss and mitigate the effect of drought in a region. Proper monitoring and management of drought mitigation strategies should be followed to prevent the occurrence of such a kind of disaster. In this study, the authors provided a scientometric analysis and a wide-ranging review on drought indices. The scientometric analysis using VOSviewer showcases the current trend in the research using the most frequently used keywords, most cited articles and authors, and the countries that contributed to the field of drought. A total of 175 articles were identified from various databases and initial screening was done to select the full text articles. The eligible full text articles were selected after excluding the least prominent articles. Finally, 45 articles were included for the final exclusive review process. The review article provides an insight on drought categorization and drought indices derived to determine the severity of drought. The best suited index for drought severity assessment is very hard to identify since it requires more time. The drought indices should be selected in such a manner, that it effectively measures and monitors the severity of drought. A widespread, informative examination of drought indices would benefit the researchers worldwide to reduce their time spent on each article. The aim of this review article is to review the scientific articles regarding drought indices and provide the best solution to derive the drought severity conditions.

Maternal perception of breastfeeding in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate: A qualitative interpretative analysis

BackgroundUnilateral cleft lip and / or palate (UCL/P) is one of the most common congenital craniofacial differences. The objective of this study was to describe the maternal perception of breastfeeding in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate and to assess the role of breastfeeding counseling.MethodsThis study was conducted using an interpretive phenomenological approach to explore the experience from the perspectives of mothers breastfeeding her UCL/P child. Twenty-eight mothers of patients with nonsyndromic UCL/P treated with nasoalveolar molding (NAM) therapy between April 2015 and April 2018 were selected during consultations at the Fundación Clínica Noel in Medellín, Colombia. Thematic analysis was conducted for qualitative data.ResultsThe findings resulted in six main categories: First contact with the CL/P team, access to early diagnosis and timely treatment, perceptions of parents about health personnel on breastfeeding of CL/P patients, perceptions of mothers toward breastfeeding, perception of advantages and disadvantages of the NAM technique regarding breastfeeding and assessment of the CL/P team. The interviewed mothers, both prenatally and postnatally, stated the benefits of initiating the process prenatally. There are still difficulties in reaching a timely diagnosis. Several mothers noted that health professionals and assistants determined the hospitalization, installation of a nasogastric tube or feeding through a baby bottle or syringe, which prevented the first contact between mother and child. Even though the exclusive breastfeeding process is difficult for these mothers, they acknowledge its immense advantages. Interviewed mothers considered using the NAM therapy advantageous as the obturator allowed a better bottle-feeding process. The interdisciplinary team generates satisfaction, motivation, expectations and happiness in the mothers who initiated this therapy with their children.ConclusionThe participants related difficulties with exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers acknowledged the clinical results when using the NAM therapy and the support provided by the IBCLC. We encourage health providers in Medellín, Colombia, to seek education to enhance their clinical skills and promote and protect breastfeeding. Also, health professionals in other cities or countries could consider search more breastfeeding education as well.

Predicting the impact of temperature on metabolic fluxes using resource allocation modelling: Application to polyphosphate accumulating organisms

The understanding of microbial communities and the biological regulation of its members is crucial for implementation of novel technologies using microbial ecology. One poorly understood metabolic principle of microbial communities is resource allocation and biosynthesis. Resource allocation theory in polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) is limited as a result of their slow imposed growth rate (typical sludge retention times of at least 4 days) and limitations to quantify changes in biomass components over a 6 hours cycle (less than 10% of their growth). As a result, there is no direct evidence supporting that biosynthesis is an exclusive aerobic process in PAOs that alternate continuously between anaerobic and aerobic phases. Here, we apply resource allocation metabolic flux analysis to study the optimal phenotype of PAOs over a temperature range of 4 °C to 20 °C. The model applied in this research allowed to identify optimal metabolic strategies in a core metabolic model with limited constraints based on biological principles. The addition of a constraint limiting biomass synthesis to be an exclusive aerobic process changed the metabolic behaviour and improved the predictability of the model over the studied temperature range by closing the gap between prediction and experimental findings. The results validate the assumption of limited anaerobic biosynthesis in PAOs, specifically “Candidatus Accumulibacter” related species. Interestingly, the predicted growth yield was lower, suggesting that there are mechanistic barriers for anaerobic growth not yet understood nor reflected in the current models of PAOs. Moreover, we identified strategies of resource allocation applied by PAOs at different temperatures as a result of the decreased catalytic efficiencies of their biochemical reactions. Understanding resource allocation is paramount in the study of PAOs and their currently unknown complex metabolic regulation, and metabolic modelling based on biological first principles provides a useful tool to develop a mechanistic understanding.

Deconstructing Finance Management: A Qualitative Examination through Accounting Literature

This research delves into an extensive qualitative examination of accounting literature to unravel the intricacies of finance management practices. The study aims to elucidate the multifaceted nature of finance management, exploring its various components such as financial planning, investment decision-making, financing strategies, and risk management. Through a meticulous analysis of scholarly discourse, the research methodologically synthesizes key findings derived from the literature review. The methodology involves a systematic search strategy, inclusive and exclusive criteria establishment, screening and selection process, data extraction and synthesis, and quality appraisal. The findings underscore the criticality of effective financial planning in guiding resource allocation decisions and organizational success, the pivotal role of investment decision-making in optimizing capital allocation and strategic alignment, the significance of financing decisions in determining the optimal capital structure and navigating market dynamics, and the paramount importance of risk management in safeguarding organizational performance against financial risks. The study unveils valuable insights into the complexities, implications, and future research directions in finance management, advocating for a holistic approach that integrates quantitative analysis, qualitative insights, and strategic foresight. The findings hold implications for both theory and practice, emphasizing the need for organizations to align finance management practices with organizational objectives, market conditions, and emerging trends. The research contributes to advancing the understanding of finance management and its role in fostering sustainable growth and success in dynamic market environments.

Exclusive production of a pair of high transverse momentum photons in pion-nucleon collisions for extracting generalized parton distributions

We show that exclusive production of a pair of high transverse momentum photons in pion-nucleon collisions can be systematically studied in QCD factorization approach if the photon’s transverse momentum qT with respect to the colliding pion is much greater than ΛQCD. We demonstrate that the leading power non-perturbative contributions to the scattering amplitudes of this exclusive process are process-independent and can be systematically factorized into universal pion’s distribution amplitudes (DAs) and nucleon’s generalized parton distributions (GPDs), which are convoluted with corresponding infrared safe and perturbatively calculable short-distance hard parts. The correction to this factorized expression is suppressed by powers of 1/qT. We demonstrate quantitatively that this new type of exclusive processes is not only complementary to existing processes for extracting GPDs, but also capable of providing an enhanced sensitivity to the dependence of both DAs and GPDs on the active parton’s momentum fraction x. We also introduce additional, but the same type of exclusive observables to enhance our capability to explore GPDs, in particular, their x-dependence.