Exclusive Approach Research Articles

Festival Istiqlal sebagai Kesadaran Masyarakat dalam Membangun Islam Nusantara

The chaotic life of Muslims in various parts of the world. This is important when Muslims are in a tough test. the problem of terrorism and radicalism in the name of religion. The challenges of globalization and modernization which are very aggressively spreading the "virus" throughout the social order inevitably bring about extraordinary changes in the order of human life. The sophistication of technology and the achievement of sophisticated inventions from the Western world are also challenges that must be answered by Muslim communities around the world. the decline in the quality of Muslim belief in Indonesia, due to a misunderstanding between religious and cultural education which seems to be contrary to the Shari'ah. Islam came to Indonesia directly from Arabia, to be precise Hadhramaut. To answer these accusations, as well as an effort to reaffirm Islam as a friendly and gracious religion (rahmatan lil alamin), requires deep socialization. With an exclusive approach to the community. Where the Istiqlal festival can be a da'wah land. Because at an event that is embellished with art, it will invite and build public awareness to return to having an Islamic understanding of the archipelago. So this research will discuss how the Istiqlal Festival can be a means for public awareness in building Islam Nusantara. The festival was attended by millions of people. No less than 7 million people attended the first Istiqlal Festival, as an exhibition that shows the spirit of Islam in various forms of Indonesian traditions, Fostering the same understanding on one commodity. 2. The Istiqlal Festival event was held for the first time at the Mamba'ul Ma'arif Islamic Boarding School (PP) Denanyar, Jombang. Bringing a positive impact with the unification of Muslims in Indonesia. From various circles to one. 3. It can be said as an arena for community development. Because the Istiqlal festival is under the auspices of major Islamic organizations in Indonesia.

Synthesis of new 3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐phenyl‐2,3 dihydroquinolinone and in‐silico evaluation of COVID‐19 main protease inhibitor

An exclusive approach towards the synthesis of novel 3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐phenyl‐2,3 dihydroquinolin‐4(1H)‐one and it's in‐silico evaluation as inhibitor of COVID‐19 main protease. The one‐pot synthesis of an established procedure Claisen ester condensation reaction was sodium hydride mediated with intramolecular cyclization with solvent free conditions. The structures of the synthesized compound were confirmed by IR, 1H,13C NMR, and EI‐MS spectral studies. Chemo‐informatics study showed that the compound obeyed the Lipinski's rule, PASS, Swiss ADME. Computational docking analysis was performed using PyRx, AutoDock Vina option based on scoring functions. In‐silico molecular docking study results demonstrated Greater binding energy and affinity to the active pocket the N3 binding site of the Coronavirus primary protease.

Human rights challenges in post-uprising Egypt: political actors’ reflections on the years of 2011–2013

ABSTRACT Transitional countries where authoritarian features have long been embedded in state institutions and policies face several challenges that limit their ability to meet the expectations of citizens regarding their rights. This article focuses on the development of human rights in transitional Egypt between 2011 and 2013. It illustrates how political actors perceive and critique the establishment of the legal and institutional framework regarding human rights protection, including constitution-making and transitional justice processes, providing evidence from insights obtained from semi-structured interviews with Egyptian political actors and the analysis of secondary sources. The article demonstrates that the uprisings in 2011 and subsequent developments during the SCAF and Morsi governments show the failure of political actors to protect Egyptians’ rights and meet the demands of the citizens with regard to social justice, economic opportunities, freedom, and dignity. It illustrates that weak or failing institutional capacities, an exclusive approach in establishing an institutional framework, lack of knowledge and experience concerning human rights protection, and the authoritarian features of state institutions strongly affected the promotion and protection of human rights in post-uprising Egypt.

Digital Marketing Rumah Makan Padang Melalui Instagram Berdasarkan Social Construction of Technology

Technology innovation leads to digitalization through the internet encourages the emergence of social media as a trend in Indonesia, such as Instagram. Nowadays, Instagram optimized as a digital marketing communication media as a form of social construction of technology. Present culinary business often found on Instagram, different from conventional business such as Padang Restaurant which already known before digital era. But nowadays, the present Padang Restaurant pops up and they already have an Instagram account such as Wira Padang Restaurant. This research aims to see the social construction of technology process from Padang Restaurant's Instagram account as a form of social construction of technology and to see its digital marketing process. This research using a qualitative method with case study approach through depth interview. The result shows that Padang Restaurant's Instagram account as a social construction of technology form goes through negotiation of Instagram's users and business owner to reciprocally share information, Instagram's features and services as a business account are satisfying for the relevance social group and Instagram as a business account entering the closure and stabilization form. The broader context seen in the Instagram user's habit to upload their food on Instagram and it's been a trend for business owner to create an Instagram account to receive digital recognition. Digital marketing activities on Instagram seen in branding aspect, executed through contents, tone feeds, caption/style of language, hashtag. Completeness aspect seen through Campsite. Instagram's functionality is user friendly, interactivity seen through the relation that was built, visual communication seen at color identities for brand recall, Instagram ads and publication by influencer, food blogger as the relevant advertisement, community relations maintained through intense, exclusive approach, connectivity with another media social creates virality.

Application of the steаm аssisted grаvity drаinаge (SAGD) method in the heavy oil fields

Recently, the prospects for the development of the oil industry have been associated with the development of deposits of heavy oils and natural bitumen. It is economically feasible and possible to extract high-viscosity oil (HVO) and natural bitumen (NB) only thanks to the development and application of effective technologies for their development. Unconventional oil production requires an unconventional exclusive approach, one of them is the steam — gravity method of oil production. The creation of SAGD models involves solving problems of heat and mass transfer in wells and a productive reservoir to optimize the production mode. To calculate the parameters of heat transfer, reliable information is required about the complex of thermal properties (thermal conductivity, thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity) of rocks of the productive formation, the underlying and overlapping layers of the mountain massif. Currently, when conducting research and constructing geological and technological models for predicting development indicators, the degree of influence of variations in the thermophysical properties of reservoir rocks on the efficiency of the SAGD process is not taken into account. Due to the absence until recent years of the possibility of obtaining reliable representative data on the thermal properties of rocks of a particular deposit, averaged values based on single measurements or on reference data that do not take into account the features of the object being developed and do not contain a detailed geological description of the studied rocks are usually used. In this regard, it was necessary to conduct a study of the influence of real spatial variations of the thermophysical properties of rocks, studied in detail for one of the deposits with the help of a new highly efficient hardware and methodological measuring base, on the development indicators by the SAGD method. In this article, the authors considered the effectiveness of using horizontal wells with cyclic steam exposure at the Yareg field.

A veritable confusion: use and abuse of isotope analysis in archaeology

ABSTRACT The expansion of isotope analyses has transformed the study of past migration and mobility, sometimes providing unexpected and intriguing results. This has, in turn, led to media attention (and concomitant misrepresentation) and scepticism from some archaeologists. Such scepticism is healthy and not always without foundation. Isotope analysis is yet to reach full maturity and challenging issues remain, concerning diagenesis, biosphere mapping resolution and knowledge of the drivers of variation. Bold and over-simplistic interpretations have been presented, especially when relying on single isotope proxies, and researchers have at times been accused of following specific agendas. It is therefore vital to integrate archaeological and environmental evidence to support interpretation. Most importantly, the use of multiple isotope proxies is key: isotope analysis is an exclusive approach and therefore single analyses provide only limited resolution. The growth in isotope research has led to a growth in rebuttals and counter-narratives. Such rebuttals warrant the same critical appraisal that is applied to original research, both of evidence for their assertions and the potential for underlying agendas. This paper takes a case study-based approach focusing on pig movements to Neolithic henge complexes to explore the dangers encountered in secondary use of isotope data.

Endoscopic intracanalicular vestibular schwannoma excision via middle ear corridors a surgical options

Background With more intracanalicular vestibular schwannoma (ICVS) diagnosed, treatment options are limited either to wait-and-see or surgery. The transpromontorial and infrapromontorial approaches allow direct route to the fundus of internal auditory canal with certain advantages in preserving facial nerve and even cochlear nerve. Objectives To describe the middle ear corridor approach for ICVS excision. Methodology All transpromontorial and infrapromontorial approaches for ICVS excision were recruited. The surgeries were performed at an otologic center by a single experienced otologist. Results Three cases of ICVS Koos Type I were included in this review. Two cases were operated with exclusive endoscopic transcanal transpromontorial approach excision of tumor. One case underwent concurrent transcanal excision of ICVS through infrapromontorial approach with cochlear implantation. Two of them developed facial nerve paresis. The last patient recovered fully with viable cochlear nerve enabling hearing restoration with cochlear implant. Conclusion The potential of surgery in ICVS via middle ear approach is a safe and direct route with promising outcome. This approach offers removal of the ICVS without interrupting facial and cochlear nerves. Hence, the preservation of facial function and hearing are possible.

Transcatheter device closure of patent ductus arteriosus by exclusive venous access under echocardiographic guidance without angiography.

The standard transcatheter technique to profile the patent ductus arteriosus requires arterial access through the femoral artery and is associated with arterial complications, longer fluoroscopic time, contrast volume, and longer hospital stay. To compare exclusive transvenous access with the standard procedures for patent ductus arteriosus closure and evaluate whether exclusive venous approach is a safe and effective alternative. A total of 320 patients were included. A detailed echocardiographic evaluation of the duct morphology was performed. Patients were classified into group 1 included patients who underwent exclusive femoral venous access, without any injections of contrast media and group 2 included patients who underwent arterial and venous access. Arterial access was achieved in 210 (65.6%). Successful closure of patent ductus arteriosus was achieved in 109 (99.1%) patients in group 1 and in 203 (96.7%) patients in group 2. The patent ductus arteriosus was large and was referred for surgical closure in one patient from group 1 and 7 patients from group 2. Residual patent ductus arteriosus was seen in 6 cases from group 1 (5.4%) and 12 patients from group 2 (5.7%). None of the cases in group 1 had vascular complications, while vascular complications were seen in 20 cases, all of them in group 2 (9.5%). Nonvascular complications were seen in one patient from group 1 (0.9%) and 15 patients in group 2 (7.1%). The procedure time and fluoroscopy times were less in patients with exclusive transvenous access. Patent ductus arteriosus device closure without arterial access can be accomplished safely and effectively.

Regulating Fe2(MoO4)3 by Au Nanoparticles for Efficient N2 Electroreduction under Ambient Conditions

AbstractAmmonia, as an important chemical, has played an indispensable role in the fields of fertilizer precursors, fuel, and energy carriers over time. The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) has attracted extensive attention due to the potential availability of clean energy under mild conditions, while electrochemical catalysts still need further optimization and exploration restricted by the strong chemical bonds of NN. In this work, it is proposed that a small amount of noble metal (Au) modified Fe2(MoO4)3 can serve as active sites in eNRR. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the interaction of Au with Fe2(MoO4)3 reduces the reaction energy of the rate determining step and inhibits the hydrogen evolution reaction, which increase the eNRR activity and selectivity of Au/Fe2(MoO4)3. As expected, according to the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance measurement as the exclusive quantitative detection approach, the as‐prepared Au/Fe2(MoO4)3 achieves outstanding eNRR performance with 7.61 µg h−1 mg−1cat. NH3 production rate and 18.79% Faradaic efficiency at −0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.2 m Na2SO4 under ambient conditions.

Orbital wall decompression in the management of Graves' orbitopathy: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

To systematically review outcomes of orbital bony wall decompression for Grave's orbitopathy according to the surgical approach. A systematic search for studies published in "Ovid MEDLINE", "Web of Science" and "Embase" of patients with surgical treatment of Grave's orbitopathy was performed. The overall postoperative change in Hertel exophthalmometry was calculated by random-effect meta-analysis model with 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 33 studies, including 1686 patients and 2946 procedures, were included. The weighted mean Hertel value overall reduction was - 4.56 mm (95% CI - 5.05 to - 4.07 mm). According to surgical techniques the reduction was - 4.36 mm (95% CI - 5.22 to - 3.50) for infero-medial technique, - 4.88 mm (- 5.68 to - 4.08) for medial-lateral technique, - 4.32 mm (- 4.80to - 3.84) for lateral technique, - 5.45 mm (- 6.16 to - 4.74) for three-wall technique and - 3.47 mm (- 5.81 to - 1.12) for medial technique. The overall rate of new-onset of primary gaze diplopia was reported in 23 studies. The included procedures were 653 and results were heterogeneous (heterogeneity: Q = 78.8 df = 22, I2 = 72.09%, p<0.01). The pooled proportion (95% CI) rate of new-onset of primary gaze diplopia was 12% (7-16). Our metanalysis highlights that orbital bony wall decompression represents an effective surgical procedure. The three wall approach was associated with the best results in terms of exophthalmos reduction. Data suggest that an exclusive lateral approach may help to avoid the new-onset of primary gaze diplopia during the postoperative period.

Endoscopic type 1 tympanoplasty; a composite graft technique for subtotal and total perforations.

Demonstrate feasibility of performing endoscopic transcanal type 1 tympanoplasty in total and subtotal perforations, using an underlay technique that minimizes the risk of anterior medialization of the graft. Compare audiometric and clinical outcomes of this technique with our series of endoscopic tympanoplasty with classical underlay grafts, and with previously reported outcomes of microscopic post-auricular lateral graft tympanoplasty and other transcanal techniques. We describe a surgical technique using an L-shaped cartilage and its perichondrium, with exclusive transcanal endoscopic approach. A retrospective review of patients undergoing this technique at the Centenario University Hospital of Rosario, Argentina between January 2017 and December 2019 was performed, and it was compared with a group of patients who underwent endoscopic tympanoplasty with classical underlay technique in a previous period of time. Patients with smaller perforations and other middle ear pathologies that required other techniques were not included in this study. Minimum follow up was 6months. The main outcome measures were membrane closure rates and hearing results. 73 patients with total or subtotal perforations undergoing endoscopic transcanal tympanoplasty between 2015 and 2019 were included. The group of patients that underwent the technique described showed no anterior medialization of the graft, and better graft take rates. The hearing outcomes were similar in all successful graft patients, with postoperative average air-bone gap of 10db (+ -10dB). Transcanal endoscopic tympanoplasty with the technique described is an excellent option for closure of total and subtotal tympanic perforations. The rate of perforation closure is better than endoscopic tympanoplasty with classical underlay graft with similar audiometric outcome.

Teachers' learning in extraordinary times: shifting to a digitally facilitated approach to lesson study

PurposeThe research reported in this paper brings forth the experiences of three teachers working in different schools. These teachers learned about lesson study through a course offered at the University of Malta while, at the same time, leading a lesson study with colleagues at their school. With the COVID-19 outbreak, these teachers had, out of necessity, to adopt and accommodate for their lesson study to an exclusive online approach. This paper, hence, focuses on teachers' learning as they shifted their lesson study online.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a case study that delves into the experiences and perceptual insights that these teachers manifested in shifting to an exclusive online lesson study situation. Data collection is derived from a focus group discussion, teacher reflective entries and detailed reports documenting the lesson study process and experiences. Employing technological frames as the theoretical lens, a description-analysis-interpretation approach was employed to analyse and interpret reflections and grounded experiential perceptions that the respondents disclosed during their lesson study journey.FindingsNotwithstanding their initial discerned sense of loss and unpreparedness of being constrained to migrate lesson study to exclusive online means, teachers eventually recognised that digitally mediated collaborative practices enhanced self-reflection about the lesson study process. Therefore, the extraordinary situation that the teachers in this study experienced not only disrupted their modus operandi but also allowed them to discern new opportunities for learning about digital technology use in lesson study.Practical implicationsDisruption, brought about by unforeseen circumstances, takes teachers and professional development facilitators out of their comfort zones, invariably helping them grow out of their limitations and rethink lesson study practices.Originality/valueIntentionally driven disruptions prompt teachers to resolve their dissatisfactory situations by thinking out of the box, eventually helping them to improve their professional practices.

PROJETO “DESBRAVANDO O CORPO HUMANO ATRAVÉS DA ANATOMIA”: REFLEXÕES, ADAPTAÇÕES E EXPERIÊNCIAS NO ENFRENTAMENTO DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19

The university outreach project “Discovering the human body through anatomy” has been part of the Open University for Seniors program (UNATI) from UNIFAL-MG since 2019. However, from an exclusive physical classroom attendance approach to its continuity in a remote perspective, profound changes have occurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article aims to report the current scenery of the project, highlighting the reflections, adaptations and experiences in facing the pandemic period. A Whatsapp® group was created with approximately 80 seniors, teachers and students from UNATI and varied contents about anatomy were sent weekly. According to the participants’ reports, the proposed activities helped them to face the feelings of insecurity, fear and fragility linked to the pandemic. The experience of this outreach project led us to the conclusion that the study of human anatomy becomes relevant for elderly individuals, since it better enables them to look after their own bodies and health.

INFLUENCE OF POWER NARRATIVES ON THE FORMATION OF THE US FOREIGN POLICY IDENTITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Since today the constructivist study of international relations puts the social components of their formation in the foreground, the foreign policy identity of a state becomes primary thing in determining its national interests and its foreign policy course. Accordingly, the goal of this article is to determine the complex influence of power narratives on the formation of the US foreign policy identity in the 21st century in the context of transformation of the domestic political matrix and redistribution of the influence between various political forces in this country. To achieve this goal, the author used the following research methods: the system analysis method, while determining the theoretical and methodological foundations for studying the phenomenon of foreign policy identity; the method of analogies and comparisons, while considering the power and political organization and institutionalization of the spatial structure of government in the United States; the method of comprehensive analysis, while establishing the main indicators of effectiveness of the influence of power narratives on the formation of the US foreign policy identity; the method of factor analysis, while substantiating the need to use individual approaches in building power narratives of the American politicians. As a result, the author determined that the US authorities form their narratives using an exclusive approach to the construction of collective identity of the society. However, such an algorithm is quite successful while forming stable foreign policy identity of the US.Key words: foreign policy identity, USA, power, narrative, G. Bush, B. Obama, War on Terror.

HEd-INNOSERV: perceived service innovation scale for the higher education sector

PurposeThe study aims to emphasize the need for an exclusive theory, approach and measurement scale for service innovation. In the past three decades, the importance of services and service-related industry has grown tremendously. Well-established scales used for research in manufacturing cannot be directly adopted and measured in the service industry. This article follows the synthesis approach by including both technological and non-technological typologies for measuring service innovation. This is followed by reporting the effect of service innovation on outcome performances. The context of the study is the higher education sector.Design/methodology/approachAn integrated research design was used to collect data from students in various parts of south India. In total, two focus group discussions and three in-depth interviews were conducted for item generation. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed for the reliability and validity of the scale. The study developed the HEd-INNOSERV scale consisting of seven dimensions comprising 34 items.FindingsThe study developed the HEd-INNOSERV scale consisting of seven dimensions comprising 34 items. The empirical results demonstrate that the scale is reliable, valid and generalizable across higher education institutions (HEIs). The scope for future research is to develop a generalized scale that can measure across the entire service sector.Research limitations/implicationsThe scale shall help researchers in testing the conceptual models earlier developed in the service innovation domain. Similarly, HEIs could measure their stakeholders' perceptions of their innovation activity. Further, the result indicates that innovation enhances the reputation of the institution, which ultimately results in positive word of mouth.Practical implicationsCommercialization of the scale by developing an appropriate algorithm would help institutions in measuring their innovation-led initiatives continually and establish quality and standards. The scale can be used complementarily with other measures adopted from regulatory and rating agencies.Originality/valueThe HEd-INNOSERV scale shall help in optimizing the existing business processes of HEIs by helping them consciously introduce appropriate technological and non-technological innovations.

Towards Personalization in the Curative Treatment of Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and has a high mortality rate. In the last decades, treatment strategy has shifted from an exclusive surgical approach to a multidisciplinary strategy. Treatment options for patients with resectable gastric cancer as recommended by different worldwide guidelines, include perioperative chemotherapy, pre- or postoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy. Although gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease with respect to patient-, tumor-, and molecular characteristics, the current standard of care is still according to a one-size-fits-all approach. In this review, we discuss the background of the different treatment strategies in resectable gastric cancer including the current standard, the specific role of radiotherapy, and describe the current areas of research and potential strategies for personalization of therapy.

‘Europe’ of populist radical right and the case of Lega of Salvini: pioneer of a ‘Parochial Europe’?

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the ‘Europe’ of populist radical right parties in general, and the Lega of Matteo Salvini and its perception of Europe in particular. Especially after Brexit, Salvini has emphasized the goal of transforming Europe and taking back Italian sovereignty rather than leaving the EU. His discourse on ‘Europe for Europeans’ and ‘Italy for Italians’ represents an exclusive and nativist approach. Before the 2019 elections of the European Parliament, the contestation between many Europes came to the fore while the Lega has become a pioneer for populist radical right parties during the campaign period on behalf of a ‘parochial Europe’. This article firstly explains the methodology, conceptual analysis, and analytical framework based on European multiplicity – as thin, thick, parochial, and global Europe. Secondly, it evaluates the ‘Others’ of parochial Europe, particularly for Lega. Thirdly, it analyses the case of the Lega as the pioneer of parochial Europe before the May 2019 EP elections based on semi-structured, face-to-face, in-depth expert interviews conducted by the author.

A Critique of New Zealand's Exclusive Approach to Intercultural Education.

This article examines the intercultural initiatives, programmes and strategy documents in New Zealand education to answer the following two questions: What intercultural policies and strategy documents are offered to New Zealand schools and teachers to accommodate their diverse communities? Which communities do they include and/or exclude? It explores and discusses paradigms, policies and curriculum developments that have been developed to address the growing levels of diversity in New Zealand’s schools and identifies some of the current significant gaps. This article argues that within the dominant Anglo-European framework, there are increasing intercultural initiatives supporting Māori and Pasifika communities within New Zealand schools but there are very limited policies and initiatives addressing the wider diverse communities. I argue that policies and initiatives should be all-encompassing, comprehensive and inclusive; that is, they must fairly encompass all members of the society and not be limited solely to specific groups. Moreover, the current policy statements are implemented in an ad hoc manner i.e. they are not supported through the systematic resource banks, leadership, teacher education and training and enabling strategies required to create societies that are more inclusive, with respectful intercultural relations. This article will be of interest to policy makers at a national level, those who work in schools and centres, and teacher educators who have a concern for the inclusion of ethnocultural minorities and intercultural education.

The materiality or ‘thingness’ of words and their effects: Some examples from the Book of Proverbs

Words are more than vehicles for semantic meaning; they can also be regarded as ‘things’ with an ‘agency’ of their own. This happens when they are seen (iconic to legitimise) or heard (performative to inspire). According to S. Brent Plate, a key researcher on materiality (see reference list) ‘words are bodies, full of power’. Words, along with many ‘things’ (fetish, ritual, book, nature, place, etc.) mediate between the material known and the immaterial unknown; they make the invisible visible or experienceable. Birgit Meyer , the pioneer of the so-called material turn in the study of religion, says, words ‘effect the transcendental’ for the initiated. Not inherently potent but through ascribed or endowed meanings they in turn affect their creators. The so-called material turn in the study of religion has rediscovered that matter or ‘things’ really ‘matters.’ Words as powerful ‘things’ or agents are also attested to in Proverbs. When wisdom words are externalised (e.g. through ornaments, Pr 1:8–9), they legitimise their users; when they are internalised (in the heart or mind, Pr 2), they persuade almost like ‘powerful personae’ to follow the wise lifestyle; and when they are personified (Pr 8), they become the ‘mediatrix’ to the thought-world of wisdom, and its ultimate source, Yahweh.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The material turn in the study of religion (anthropology) emphasises the appreciation of materiality or ‘things’. It questions an exclusive mentalistic or inward approach in cognate disciplines, such as Religious Science, Theology and Old Testament and New Testament textual studies. It also stimulates a dialogue with other humaniora such as philosophy, psychology, literary studies, media studies and art history.

Exclusive endoscopic transcanal approach to lateral skull base lesions: Institutional experience of 3 cases

IntroductionMajority of petrous bone and lateral skull base pathologies are benign in nature. The complex anatomy usually warrants an extensive approach with associated morbidity. Case summaryTwo cases of petrous bone cholesteatoma (1 congenital cholesteatoma with facial palsy and 1 acquired cholesteatoma) and a case of glomus tympanicum were treated with exclusive endoscopic transcanal approach. The cases of petrous cholesteatoma were addressed with trans-promontorial and infra-cochlear approaches. The mean operative time was approximately 140 min. No CSF otorrhoea was noticed in the post-operative period. The average period of hospital stay was 3.7 days. ConclusionIn the subset of cases with limited benign disease an endoscopic trans-canal approach is a better alternative to an external approach. It decreases operative time, blood loss, chance of meningitis, morbidity and hospital stay. The lack of depth perception is a major hurdle which can be come over by experience in endoscopic middle ear surgery. This approach can create direct access to cochlea/petrous apex/internal auditory canal (IAC)/Supra-geniculate ganglion region.