Excited Quarks Research Articles

Effects of nonminimal universal extra dimension on B→Xsγ

We estimate contributions from Kaluza-Klein excitations of third generation quarks and gauge bosons to the branching ratio of $B\rightarrow X_s\gamma$ decay process in 5-Dimensional Universal Extra Dimensional scenario with non-vanishing boundary localised terms. This model is conventionally known as non-minimal Universal Extra Dimensional model. We have derived the lower limit on the size of the extra dimension by comparing our theoretical estimation of the branching ratio which includes next-to-next-to leading order QCD corrections with its experimentally measured value. Coefficients of the boundary localised terms have also been constrained. 95 \% C.L. lower limit on inverse of radius of compactification ($R^{-1}$) can be as large as 670 GeV for some choice of the value of coefficients of boundary localised terms.

Corrigendum to: Search for dijet resonances in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV and constraints on dark matter and other models [Phys. Lett. B 769 (2017) 520–542

A search is presented for narrow resonances decaying to dijet final states in proton–proton collisions at s√=13TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.9 $fb{−1}$. The dijet mass spectrum is well described by a smooth parameterization and no significant evidence for the production of new particles is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are reported on the production cross section for narrow resonances with masses above 0.6 TeV. In the context of specific models, the limits exclude string resonances with masses below 7.4 TeV, scalar diquarks below 6.9 TeV, axigluons and colorons below 5.5 TeV, excited quarks below 5.4 TeV, color-octet scalars below 3.0 TeV, W′ bosons below 2.7 TeV, Z′ bosons below 2.1 TeV and between 2.3 and 2.6 TeV, and RS gravitons below 1.9 TeV. These extend previous limits in the dijet channel. Vector and axial-vector mediators in a simplified model of interactions between quarks and dark matter are excluded below 2.0 TeV. The first limits in the dijet channel on dark matter mediators are presented as functions of dark matter mass and are compared to the exclusions of dark matter in direct detection experiments.

Signals of two universal extra dimensions at the LHC

Extensions of the standard model with universal extra dimensions are interesting both as phenomenological templates as well as model-building fertile ground. For instance, they are one the prototypes for theories exhibiting compressed spectra, leading to difficult searches at the LHC since the decay products of new states are soft and immersed in a large standard model background. Here we study the phenomenology at the LHC of theories with two universal extra dimensions. We obtain the current bound by using the production of second level excitations of electroweak gauge bosons decaying to a pair of leptons and study the reach of the LHC Run~II in this channel. We also introduce a new channel originating in higher dimensional operators and resulting in the single production of a second level quark excitation. Its subsequent decay into a hard jet and lepton pair resonance would allow the identification of a more model-specific process, unlike the more generic vector resonance signal. We show that the sensitivity of this channel to the compactification scale is very similar to the one obtained using the vector resonance.

Diphoton resonance from a warped extra dimension

We argue that extensions of the Standard Model (SM) with a warped extra dimension, which successfully address the hierarchy and flavor problems of elementary particle physics, can provide an elegant explanation of the 750 GeV diphoton excess recently reported by ATLAS and CMS. A gauge-singlet bulk scalar with ${\cal O}(1)$ couplings to fermions is identified as the new resonance $S$, and the vector-like Kaluza-Klein excitations of the SM quarks and leptons mediate its loop-induced couplings to photons and gluons. The electroweak gauge symmetry almost unambiguously dictates the bulk matter content and hence the hierarchies of the $S\to \gamma\gamma$, $WW$, $ZZ$, $Z\gamma$, $t\bar t$ and dijet decay rates. We find that the $S\to Z\gamma$ decay mode is strongly suppressed, such that $\mbox{Br}(S\to Z\gamma)/\mbox{Br}(S\to\gamma\gamma)<0.1$. The hierarchy problem for the new scalar boson is solved in analogy with the Higgs boson by localizing it near the infrared brane. The infinite sums over the Kaluza-Klein towers of fermion states are finite and can be calculated in closed form with a remarkably simple result. Reproducing the observed $pp\to S\to\gamma\gamma$ signal requires Kaluza-Klein masses in the multi-TeV range, consistent with bounds from flavor physics and electroweak precision observables. Useful side products of our analysis, which can be adapted to almost any model for the diphoton resonance, are the calculation of the gluon-fusion production cross section $\sigma(pp\to S)$ at NNLO in QCD, an exact expression for the inclusive $S\to gg$ decay rate at N$^3$LO, a study of the $S\to t\bar t h$ three-body decay and a phenomenological analysis of portal couplings connecting $S$ with the Higgs field.

Heavy quark diffusion in strong magnetic fields at weak coupling and implications for elliptic flow

We compute the momentum diffusion coefficients of heavy quarks, $\kappa_\parallel$ and $\kappa_\perp$, in a strong magnetic field $B$ along the directions parallel and perpendicular to $B$, respectively, at the leading order in QCD coupling constant $\alpha_s$. We consider a regime relevant for the relativistic heavy ion collisions, $\alpha_s eB\ll T^2\ll eB$, so that thermal excitations of light quarks are restricted to the lowest Landau level (LLL) states. In the vanishing light-quark mass limit, we find $\kappa_\perp^{\rm LO}\propto \alpha_s^2 T eB$ in the leading order that arises from screened Coulomb scatterings with (1+1)-dimensional LLL quarks, while $\kappa_\parallel$ gets no contribution from the scatterings with LLL quarks due to kinematic restrictions. We show that the first non-zero leading order contributions to $\kappa_\parallel^{\rm LO}$ come from the two separate effects: 1) the screened Coulomb scatterings with thermal gluons, and 2) a finite light-quark mass $m_q$. The former leads to $\kappa_\parallel^{\rm LO,\,gluon} \propto \alpha_s^2 T^3$ and the latter to $\kappa_\parallel^{\rm LO,\,massive}\propto \alpha_s (\alpha_s eB)^{1/2} m_q^2$. Based on our results, we propose a new scenario for the large value of heavy-quark elliptic flow observed in RHIC and LHC. Namely, when $\kappa_\perp\gg\kappa_\parallel$, an anisotropy in drag forces gives rise to a sizable amount of the heavy-quark elliptic flow even if heavy quarks do not fully belong to an ellipsoidally expanding background fluid.

Resonance search for quark excitation with the CMS experiment

A search for excited quarks (q⋆) decaying into a γ + jet final state in pp collisions at s=8 TeV is presented. The search is done with the data taken by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1. We find no deviation from the standard model predictions and evaluate the 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction as a function of excited quark mass (Mq⋆). Limits on excited quarks are presented as a function of their mass and coupling strength; masses below 3.5 TeV are excluded at 95% CL for unit couplings to their standard model partners.

Search for new phenomena with photon+jet events in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is performed for the production of high-mass resonances decaying into a photon and a jet in 3.2 fb$^{-1}$ of proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Selected events have an isolated photon and a jet, each with transverse momentum above 150 GeV. No significant deviation of the $\gamma+$jet invariant mass distribution from the background-only hypothesis is found. Limits are set at 95% confidence level on the cross sections of generic Gaussian-shaped signals and of a few benchmark phenomena beyond the Standard Model: excited quarks with vector-like couplings to the Standard Model particles, and non-thermal quantum black holes in two models of extra spatial dimensions. The minimum excluded visible cross sections for Gaussian-shaped resonances with width-to-mass ratios of 2% decrease from about 6 fb for a mass of 1.5 TeV to about 0.8 fb for a mass of 5 TeV. The minimum excluded visible cross sections for Gaussian-shaped resonances with width-to-mass ratios of 15% decrease from about 50 fb for a mass of 1.5 TeV to about 1.0 fb for a mass of 5 TeV. Excited quarks are excluded below masses of 4.4 TeV, and non-thermal quantum black holes are excluded below masses of 3.8 (6.2) TeV for Randall--Sundrum (Arkani-Hamed--Dimopoulous--Dvali) models with one (six) extra dimensions.

Search for Narrow Resonances Decaying to Dijets in Proton-Proton Collisions ats=13 TeV

A search for narrow resonances in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV is presented. The invariant mass distribution of the two leading jets is measured with the CMS detector using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.4 fb^{-1}. The highest observed dijet mass is 6.1TeV. The distribution is smooth and no evidence for resonant particles is observed. Upper limits at 95%confidence level are set on the production cross section for narrow resonances with masses above 1.5TeV. When interpreted in the context of specific models, the limits exclude string resonances with masses below 7.0TeV, scalar diquarks below 6.0TeV, axigluons and colorons below 5.1TeV, excited quarks below 5.0TeV, color-octet scalars below 3.1TeV, and W^{'} bosons below 2.6TeV. These results significantly extend previously published limits.

Search for the production of single vector-like and excited quarks in the Wt final state in pp collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for vector-like quarks and excited quarks in events containing a top quark and a $W$ boson in the final state is reported here. The search is based on $20.3 {fb}^{-1}$ of proton--proton collision data taken at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector. Events with one or two leptons, and one, two or three jets are selected with the additional requirement that at least one jet contains a $b$-quark. Single-lepton events are also required to contain at least one large-radius jet from the hadronic decay of a high-$p_\mathrm{T}$ $W$ boson or a top quark. No significant excess over the expected background is observed and upper limits on the cross-section times branching ratio for different vector-like quark and excited-quark model masses are derived. For the excited-quark production and decay to $Wt$ with unit couplings, quarks with masses below 1500 GeV are excluded and coupling-dependent limits are set.

Signature of theγ+jetand dijet production mediated by an excited quark with QCD next-to-leading order accuracy at the LHC

We present a detailed study of the production and decay of the excited quark at the QCD next-to-leading order (NLO) level at the Large Hadron Collider, using the narrow width approximation and helicity amplitudes method. We find that the QCD NLO corrections can tighten the constraints on the model parameters and reduce the scale dependencies of the total cross sections. We discuss the signals of the excited quark production with decay mode $q^{\ast}\rightarrow q\gamma$ and $q^{\ast}\rightarrow qg$, and present several important kinematic distributions. Moreover, we give the upper limits of the excited quark excluded mass range and the allowed parameter space for the coupling constants and the excited quark mass.

Search for the production of an excited bottom quark decaying to tW in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV

A search is presented for a singly produced excited bottom quark (b*) decaying to a top quark and a W boson in the all-hadronic, lepton + jets, and dilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. Data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns are used. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to standard model expectations. We set limits at 95% confidence on the product of the b* quark production cross section and its branching fraction to tW. The cross section limits are interpreted for scenarios including left-handed, right-handed, and vector-like couplings of the b* quark and are presented in the two-dimensional coupling plane based on the production and decay coupling constants. The masses of the left-handed, right-handed, and vector-like b* quark states are excluded at 95% confidence below 1390, 1430, and 1530 GeV, respectively, for benchmark couplings. This analysis gives the most stringent limits on the mass of the b* quark to date.

Decoding the quark-gluon plasma with jet quenching observables

We briefly describe two interesting aspects of heavy-ion collisions related to jets and medium dynamics. First, we discuss how the interaction with the medium change the energy and internal distributions of a QCD jet. Secondly, we discuss a possible manifestation of effects from the confining (chromo)magnetic scale for quark excitations in a realistic plasma.

Distinguishing dijet resonances at the LHC

Anticipating that a di-jet resonance could be discovered at the 14 TeV LHC, we present two different strategies to reveal the nature of such a particle; in particular to discern whether it is a quark-antiquark (qqbar), quark-gluon (qg), or gluon-gluon (gg) resonance. The first method relies on the color discriminant variable, which can be calculated at the LHC from the measurements of the di-jet signal cross section, the resonance mass and the resonance width. Including estimated statistical uncertainties and experimental resolution, we show that a qg excited quark resonance can be efficiently distinguished from either a qqbar coloron or a gg color-octet scalar using the color discriminant variable at LHC-14. The second strategy is based on the study of the energy profiles of the two leading jets in the di-jet channel. Including statistical uncertainties in the signal and the QCD backgrounds, we show that one can distinguish, in a model-independent way, between gg, qg, and qqbar resonances; an evaluation of systematic uncertainties in the measurement of the jet energy profile will require a detailed detector study once sufficient 14 TeV di-jet data is in hand.

Baryon resonances in largeNcQCD

We review the current status and present open challenges of large $N_c$ QCD baryon spectroscopy. After introducing the $1/N_c$ expansion method we first shortly revisit the latest achievements for the ground state properties. Next we discuss the applicability of this method to excited states, presenting two different approaches with their advantages and disadvantages. Selected results for the spectrum and strong and electromagnetic decays are described. We also show further developments supported by the qualitative compatibility between the quark excitation picture and the meson-nucleon scattering picture. We give a quantitative comparison between results obtained from the mass formula of the $1/N_c$ expansion method and quark models and shortly discuss the implications of different large $N_c$ limits.

Search for new phenomena in the dijet mass distribution usingppcollision data ats=8 TeVwith the ATLAS detector

Dijet events produced in LHC proton--proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV are studied with the ATLAS detector using the full 2012 data set, with an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb$^{-1}$. Dijet masses up to about 4.5 TeV are probed. No resonance-like features are observed in the dijet mass spectrum. Limits on the cross section times acceptance are set at the 95% credibility level for various hypotheses of new phenomena in terms of mass or energy scale, as appropriate. This analysis excludes excited quarks with a mass below 4.09 TeV, color-octet scalars with a mass below 2.72 TeV, heavy $W'$ bosons with a mass below 2.45 TeV, chiral ${W^\ast}$ bosons with a mass below 1.75 TeV, and quantum black holes with six extra space-time dimensions with threshold mass below 5.82 TeV.

Search for heavy resonances with the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is used to search for heavy resonances in various final states. Recent results from different analyses of the proton-proton (pp) collisions recorded in 2012 at a center-of-mass energy of √s =8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of Lint ≈ 20 fb−1 are presented. Various models are considered such as W′ and Z′ bosons, chiral bosons, excited quarks and technicolor, as well as a Randall-Sundrum graviton, the ADD large extra dimension scenario, (quantum) black holes and contact interactions.

Search for heavy resonances with the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is used to search for heavy resonances in various final states. Recent results from different analyses of the proton-proton (pp) collisions recorded in 2012 at a center-of-mass energy of √s =8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of Lint ≈ 20 fb−1 are presented. Various models are considered such as W′ and Z′ bosons, chiral bosons, excited quarks and technicolor, as well as a Randall-Sundrum graviton, the ADD large extra dimension scenario, (quantum) black holes and contact interactions.

Emergence of soft quark excitations by the coupling with a soft mode of the QCD critical point

We study the quark spectrum at nonzero temperature and density near the critical point (CP) of the chiral phase transition incorporating effects of the scalar- and pseudoscalar-density fluctuations in a chiral effective model with a nonzero current quark mass. It is known that the soft mode associated with the second-order transition at the CP lies in the spacelike region of the scalar-density fluctuation. We find that the soft mode influences the quark spectrum significantly near the CP, resulting in the shift of the quasiquark peak. Effects of the composite stable pions on the quark spectrum near the CP are also discussed.

Fermion resonances in quiver theories with a pNGB Higgs

Hierarchical quiver models can be used to build theories of electroweak symmetry breaking and natural models of flavor with a pseudo--Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB) Higgs. They are cousins of similar models in extra-dimensional theories in anti--de Sitter backgrounds, and can be obtained from them by coarse deconstruction. We consider the fermion excitations in these models, focusing on the quark sector and studying its generic features and phenomenology. We show that, unlike in the continuum case, the spectrum is strongly flavor dependent. To study the phenomenology of the quark excitations we compute their couplings to the Higgs sector and the gauge excitations which determine both their single-production and their decays. We show how the generic features of quiver theories with a pNGB Higgs translate, through the spectrum of quark excitations and their couplings, into a distinct phenomenology at the LHC.

Search for excited quarks in the [formula omitted] final state in proton–proton collisions at [formula omitted

A search for excited quarks decaying into the γ+jet final state is presented. The analysis is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1 collected by the CMS experiment in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV at the LHC. Events with photons and jets with high transverse momenta are selected and the γ+jet invariant mass distribution is studied to search for a resonance peak. The 95% confidence level upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction are evaluated as a function of the excited quark mass. Limits on excited quarks are presented as a function of their mass and coupling strength; masses below 3.5 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for unit couplings to their standard model partners.