Resolution Phase Research Articles

Investigation of a Magnetic Levitation Architecture with a Ferrite Core for Energy Harvesting

This work presents the development of a magnetic levitation system with a ferrite core, designed for electromagnetic energy harvesting from mechanical vibrations. The system consists of a fixed enamel-coated copper coil and five neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnets housed within a PVC spool. To enhance magnetic flux concentration, a manganese-zinc ferrite (Mn-Zn) ring was employed within the spool. Experimental tests were conducted at frequencies up to 20 Hz, demonstrating the device’s potential for harvesting energy from small vibrations, such as those generated by human biomechanical movements, achieving operating voltages up to 3 V. Additionally, the architecture is scalable for larger systems and allows for the integration of multiple transducers without magnetic field interference, independent of the frequency or excitation phase of each transducer.

Impact of Various High Intensity Earthquake Characteristics on the Inelastic Seismic Response of Irregular Medium-Rise Buildings

In the twenty-first century, the seismic design of buildings seems to have become a fully recognized topic. There are guidelines and standards which should be taken into account by designers in seismic areas. Designers using modern international guidelines have ascertained that the behavior of structures is not as expected. New challenges in the construction industry result in the construction of structures with new, unusual shapes. These are structures that do not meet the assumptions of safe construction in seismic areas. Contemporary buildings are also characterized by their irregular distribution of structural elements. Such solutions are not beneficial from the point of view of seismic engineering and can lead to reduced dynamic resistance and damage in such structures. In this paper, a five-storey, irregular-shaped reinforced concrete (RC) building model was subjected to different earthquakes with varying magnitudes, PGA (peak ground acceleration) and PGV (peak ground velocity) values, and durations of the intense shock phase. Once the model was verified using previous in situ measurements, the building model was subjected to five earthquakes. A numerical nonlinear analysis of the building was performed using a verified FEA (finite element analysis) model in the time domain through non-linear time history analysis with the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) method. The building’s dynamic properties were measured using various methods of excitation. The model was influenced, among others, by two far-field representative events caused by the last earthquake in Turkey, which resulted in strong ground motion. The analysis results identified the locations of structural damage and allowed for the assessment of the structure’s dynamic resistance. The results of the calculations prove that the duration of the intensive phase of extortion is one of the reasons for building damage in earthquake-prone areas. Building damage occurs with earthquakes that are characterized by an intensive phase of excitation with a long duration and high values of velocity in the earthquake components. The article highlights the inadequate dynamic resistance of the building, leading to excessive displacements and unfavorable structural solutions. Damage to buildings at this earthquake intensity caused damage to the load-bearing structure, which was not designed for such intensities. This paper is a research report with a specific case study of medium-rise irregular RC buildings.

Inflammation and resolution in obesity.

Inflammation is an essential physiological defence mechanism, but prolonged or excessive inflammation can cause disease. Indeed, unresolved systemic and adipose tissue inflammation drives obesity-related cardiovascular diseaseand type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs targeting pro-inflammatory cytokine pathways or inflammasome activation have been approved for clinical use for the past two decades. However, potentially serious adverse effects, such as drug-induced weight gain and increased susceptibility to infections, prevented their wider clinical implementation. Furthermore, these drugs do not modulate the resolution phase of inflammation. This phase is an active process orchestrated by specialized pro-resolving mediators, such as lipoxins, and other endogenous resolution mechanisms. Pro-resolving mediators mitigate inflammation and development of obesity-related disease, for instance, alleviating insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in experimental disease models, so mechanisms to modulate their activity are, therefore, of great therapeutic interest. Here, we review current clinical attempts to either target pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β,NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)inflammasome,tumour necrosis factor (TNF)and IL-6) or utilize endogenous resolution pathways to reduce obesity-related inflammation and improve cardiometabolic outcomes. A remaining challenge in the field is to establish more precise biomarkers that can differentiate between acute and chronic inflammation and to assess the functionality of individual leukocyte populations. Such advancements would improve the monitoring of drug effects and support personalized treatment strategies that battle obesity-related inflammation and cardiometabolic disease.

Non-uniformly Spaced Antenna Arrays with Overlapped Elements Constraint

In the literature, inter-element spacing antenna design methods have been widely discussed and presented as an alternative approach to element excitation amplitude and/or phase control methods that may be relied upon to achieve the required array pattern shapes. However, methods associated with non-uniformly distributed elements suffer from the element overlap problem, where some of the optimized element locations may overlap each other and cause changes in the overall array aperture length. Practically, these element overlaps cannot be implemented, due to the physical antenna element size, without omitting some of them. Consequently, the overall performance of the antenna array is degraded. Further, degradation may occur when considering phased arrays with scanned main beams. In this paper, we first illustrate the effect of the problem of overlapped element locations and then we propose two approaches based on the genetic algorithm to optimize non-uniformly spaced arrays with overlapped element locations, while simultaneously preserving the array's directivity. To solve the problem of overlapping and to determine the physical array element size, the minimum element-spacing constraints are incorporated in a simple way in the proposed approaches. Thus, the time required to perform optimization-related computations is greatly reduced. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the two proposed solutions, where the probability of the elements overlapping has been reduced to zero under specific conditions related to the locations of the some of the elements, while the peak sidelobe levels were always kept below -15 dB and directivity was maintained, to the extent possible, at the level of that of standard uniformly spaced arrays.

Functionalized polyaniline nanofibrils on lamellar structured zirconium for effective bone mineralization

The surface physiology of certain implant material has the ability to promote implant–cell signalling process through which a stable environment is formed. The formation of this favourable environment hastens the process of biomineralization and regeneration. In this context, Zirconium (Zr) when treated with alkali undergoes a surface modification which results in the development of a lamellar structured Zirconium (ATZ). Further, encapsulation of polyaniline (PAni) on ATZ was achieved through the electropolymerization technique which results in an effective and homogeneous electrodeposition of PAni nanofibrils on ATZ surface. A high resolution scanning electron microscope analysis (HR-SEM), phase analysis and functional group analysis were carried out confirming the semi-crystalline PAni nanofibrils braided on the ATZ surface. Potentiodynamic polarization studies of the coated sample exhibited higher Ecorr (−0.060 V) and lower icorr (0.007 µA/cm2) values signifying its better corrosion resistance behaviour in higher potentials coupled with lower electrochemical activity in the SBF medium. The porosity of PAni/ATZ nanofibril was 0.007 % and it provides an effective platform for implant-tissue attachment. The In-vitro biomineralization studies proved the bioactivity of PAni/ATZ which forms well-matured HAp spherules over the surface. Further, hemocompatibility studies of PAni/ATZ expressed a hemolytic rate of ∼0.39 % which denotes it’s biocompatible and non-hemolytic behaviour with the blood cells. Further, the coated sample on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria causes demise of bacterial cell wall and exhibits higher inhibition percentage. In addition, a standard MTT assay of PAni/ATZ provides an effective support in maintaining cell viability and aids in proliferation of MG-63 cells. Thus, the results demonstrate that the nanoscale surface architecture of PAni/ATZ could serve as a potential and conducive environment for bone-implant interaction on the implant material for better osseointegration.

High-efficient sample point transform algorithm for large-scale complex optimization

Decomposition algorithms and surrogate model methods are frequently employed to address large-scale, intricate optimization challenges. However, the iterative resolution phase inherent to decomposition algorithms can potentially alter the background vector, leading to the repetitive evaluation of samples across disparate iteration cycles. This phenomenon significantly diminishes the computational efficiency of optimization. Accordingly, a novel approach, designated the Sample Point Transformation Algorithm (SPTA), is put forth in this paper as a means of enhancing efficiency through a process of mathematical deduction. The mathematical deduction reveals that the difference between sample points in each iteration loop is a simple function related to the inter-group dependent variables. Consequently, the SPTA method achieves the comprehensive transformation of the sample set by establishing a surrogate model of the difference between the sample sets of two cycles with a limited number of sample points, as opposed to conducting a substantial number of repeated samplings. This SPTA is employed to substitute the most time-consuming step of direct calculation in the classical optimization process. To validate the calculation efficiency, a series of numerical examples were conducted, demonstrating an improvement of approximately 75 % while maintaining optimal accuracy. This illustrates the advantage of the SPTA in addressing large-scale and complex optimization problems.

What are future doctors learning about sex? An assessment of sexual health curricula across medical schools in the Northeastern United States.

Sexual health is an imperative area of study in medical school education, yet many medical schools do not offer a comprehensive curriculum nor is it standardized across the United States (US). This study aims to assess written curriculum materials from sexual health curricula in medical schools across the northeast region of the US and compare the current teachings to suggested standards. A compilation of academic resources including lecture materials and syllabi were systematically reviewed utilizing a standardized and validated rubric with variables assessed including: biological and psychological aspects of human sexual development, anatomy and physiology of the human sexual response cycle, sexual health in relation to human reproduction, and contraceptive options. We analyzed our data from the document analysis to look at the frequency of inclusion and exclusion of the sexual health topics included in our rubric. The outcomes of our data set were in line with our hypothesis that there is significant variance between sexual health curricula across institutions as well as an overall lack in material covering sexual health topics. The data show significant sex specific differences such that male-specific topics were covered more frequently than female-specific information. Additionally, only one of the 10 schools examined taught about vulvar conditions. There was also a paucity of information about sexuality in the post-partum period. The clinical implications of this study aim to highlight the discrepancy between an ideal sexual health curriculum and what is actually being taught in medical schools and help to guide future work of creating a comprehensive and standardized sexual medicine education in US. medical schools. The validity of this study was strengthened by analyzing direct curricula materials as opposed to previous use of subjective, self-reported questionnaires. However, the sample location being restricted to the Northeast was a limitation to generalize findings across the country. Future studies would aim to analyze medical school curricula across different regions in the US. This study shows that there is a lack of comprehensive and standardized sexual health curriculum in medical schools in the Northeastern US and serves as initial evidence for further investigation of this topic across American medical schools.

The e-MANTIS emulator: Fast and accurate predictions of the halo mass function in f(R)CDM and wCDM cosmologies

In this work, we present a novel emulator of the halo mass function (HMF), which we implemented in the framework of the e-MANTIS emulator of $f(R)$ gravity models. We also extended e-MANTIS to cover a larger cosmological parameter space and to include models of dark energy with a constant equation of state $w$CDM. We used a Latin hypercube sampling of the $w$CDM and $f(R)$CDM cosmological parameter spaces, over a wide range, and carried out a large suite of more than $10000$ $N$-body simulations with a different volume, mass resolution, and random phase for the initial conditions. For each simulation in the suite, we generated halo catalogues using the friends-of-friends (FoF) halo finder, as well as the spherical overdensity (SO) algorithm for different overdensity thresholds (200, 500, and 1000 times the critical density). We decomposed the corresponding HMFs on a B-spline basis, while adopting a minimal set of assumptions on their shape. We used this decomposition to train an emulator based on Gaussian processes. The resulting emulator is able to predict the HMF for redshifts $ 1.5$ and for halo masses $M_h M_ The typical HMF errors for SO haloes with $ c $ at $z=0$ in $w$CDM (respectively $f(R)$CDM) are of the order of $ up to a transition mass $M_t M_ ($M_t M_ For larger masses, the errors are dominated by the shot noise and scale as $ with $ up to $M_h M_ Independently of this general trend, the emulator is able to provide an estimation of its own error as a function of the cosmological parameters, halo mass, and redshift. We have performed an extensive comparison against analytical parametrizations and shown that e-MANTIS is able to better capture the cosmological dependence of the HMF, while being complementary to other existing emulators. The e-MANTIS emulator, which is publicly available, can be used to obtain fast and accurate predictions of the HMF in the $f(R)$CDM and $w$CDM non-standard cosmological models. As such, it represents a useful theoretical tool to constrain the nature of dark energy using data from galaxy cluster surveys.

Glutamine Oxidation in Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia Regulates Pain Resolution and Chronification.

Chronic pain remains a significant health challenge with limited effective treatments. This study investigates the metabolic changes underlying pain progression and resolution, uncovering a novel compensatory mechanism in sensory neurons. Using the hyperalgesic priming model in male mice, we demonstrate that nerve growth factor (NGF) initially disrupted mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation, leading to acute allodynia. Surprisingly, this metabolic disruption persisted even after the apparent resolution of allodynia. We discovered that during the resolution phase, sensory neurons exhibit increased glutamine oxidation and upregulation of the major glutamine transporter ASCT2 in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). This compensatory response plays a crucial role in pain resolution, as demonstrated by our experiments. Knockdown of ASCT2 prevents the resolution of NGF-induced allodynia and precipitates the transition to a chronic state. Furthermore, we show that the glutamine catabolite α-ketoglutarate attenuated glycolytic flux and alleviated allodynia in both acute and chronic phases of the hyperalgesic priming model. The importance of ASCT2 is further confirmed in a translational model, where its knockdown prevented the resolution of allodynia following plantar incision. These findings highlight the pivotal role of metabolic changes in pain resolution and identify ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism as a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain. Understanding these endogenous mechanisms that promote pain resolution can guide the development of novel interventions to prevent the transition pain from acute to chronic.Significance Statement Chronic pain is a widespread health issue with limited effective treatments. This study unveils a critical metabolic mechanism in sensory neurons that determines whether acute pain resolves or becomes chronic. We discovered that pain resolution depends on a compensatory increase in glutamine metabolism, mediated by the transporter ASCT2, rather than normalization of initial metabolic disruptions. This finding significantly advances our understanding of pain chronification and identifies a novel therapeutic target. By elucidating how the body naturally resolves pain, we open new avenues for developing treatments that could prevent acute pain from transitioning to chronic pain or treat existing chronic pain. This research has the potential to transform pain management strategies and improve quality of life for millions of pain sufferers.

Leukocyte detection based on convolutional neural network fusion with color Fourier ptychographic microscopy

Abstract In the field of optical microscopic imaging, color Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy (FPM) technology has attracted much attention due to its advantages of large field of view, high resolution, and quantitative phase imaging. In this paper, a color FPM fusion algorithm based on deep learning is proposed in combination with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and applied to leukocyte detection. Firstly, this paper introduces a fusion model of a convolutional neural network based on the traditional color FPM imaging method and fuses low-resolution color images and high-resolution grayscale images through a multilayer convolutional network. This method improves the quality of reconstructed images while reducing the reconstruction time. Secondly, this paper constructs a leukocyte detection dataset by using an improved color FPM reconstruction algorithm and builds a leukocyte detection system based on the YOLOv7 architecture. This paper shows that combining convolutional neural networks with color FPM technology can provide higher-quality reconstructed images in medical imaging and cell detection, which provides strong technical support for digital pathology and medical diagnosis.

Development of a flexible phased array electromagnetic acoustic testing system with array pickups

The thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) used to protect blades of heavy-duty gas turbines is prone to debonding defects during fabrication and service. It is difficult to detect the debonding defects in the TBC system non-destructively and in situ due to the curved shape of blade and the narrow space between the blades setting in the gas turbine. In this paper, a flexible phased array electromagnetic acoustic (FPA-EMA) testing system with array pickups is developed, which is capable to drive a flexible phased array electromagnetic acoustic transducer (FPA-EMAT) to generate and receive ultrasonic wave directly in the metallic substrate of TBCs, and is potential to be applied to the inspection of debonding defects in the TBC system of gas turbine blades. A phased array excitation unit, a multi-channel signal receiving unit and a new signal post-processing algorithm are developed for the new EMA testing system to enhance the surface acoustic wave in the layered structure and to improve the low conversion efficiency of the conventional EMA testing system. In addition, a bias magnetic field coil fed with long pulse current of large amplitude is adopted to make the new EMAT thin and flexible in order to be applied in a narrow space. The interfering noise and geometric size problems brought by the multiple excitation and pickup channels are well addressed in the new system. The good performances of the developed FPA-EMA testing system were verified experimentally and show the system of good potential to be applied to NDT of practical curved structures.

Dynamic changes in macrophage polarization during the resolution phase of periodontal disease.

Polarization of macrophages (Mφ) is a well-controlled axis with considerable consequences in both the pro-inflammatory and resolution phases of inflammation. We aimed to determine if periodontal therapy may instigate M1 to M2 Mφ polarization favoring resolution of inflammation within periodontal tissues. Gingival biopsies were excised from subjects diagnosed with Stage III, Grade B periodontitis before and 4-6 weeks after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Total RNA was isolated and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers associated with Mφ polarization assessed by RT-qPCR. Mice were subject to ligature-induced periodontitis and gingival tissues collected after 8 days in-situ or 10 days after ligature removal and M1 and M2 Mφ markers examined by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. In human samples, improvement in clinical parameters posttherapy correlates with reduced bacterial burden, downregulation in M1 (TNF-α, STAT1, CXCL10, and miR-155), and elevated levels of M2 (STAT6, TGM2, CCL22, and IL-10) Mφ markers. In a murine model of resolution of LIP, we observed reduced levels of M1 Mφ markers cox2, iNOS2, F4/80+CD80+, and F4/80+CD86+ and elevated levels of M2-like Mφ markers tgm2, arg1, F4/80+CD206+ and F4/80+CD163+ corroborated human findings. Resolution of periodontal inflammation is associated with M1 to M2 Mφ polarization after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Assessment of Mφ markers can provide relevant clinical information on the successful response of periodontal therapy and may be used to target nonresponders.

Axion detection via superfluid 3He ferromagnetic phase and quantum measurement techniques

We propose to use the nuclear spin excitation in the ferromagnetic A1 phase of the superfluid 3He for the axion dark matter detection. This approach is striking in that it is sensitive to the axion-nucleon coupling, one of the most important features of the QCD axion introduced to solve the strong CP problem. We review a quantum mechanical description of the nuclear spin excitation and apply it to the estimation of the axion-induced spin excitation rate. We also describe a possible detection method of the spin excitation in detail and show that the combination of the squeezing of the final state with the Josephson parametric amplifier and the homodyne measurement can enhance the sensitivity. It turns out that this approach gives good sensitivity to the axion dark matter with the mass of O\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{O} $$\\end{document}(1) μeV depending on the size of the external magnetic field. We estimate the parameters of experimental setups, e.g., the detector volume and the amplitude of squeezing, required to reach the QCD axion parameter space.

Proresolving Lipid Mediators in the Respiratory System.

Lung inflammation, infection, and injury can lead to critical illness and death. The current means to pharmacologically treat excessive uncontrolled lung inflammation needs improvement because many treatments are or will become immunosuppressive. The inflammatory response evolved to protect the host from microbes, injury, and environmental insults. This response brings phagocytes from the bloodstream to the tissue site to phagocytize and neutralize bacterial invaders and enables airway antimicrobial functions. This physiologic response is ideally self-limited with initiation and resolution phases. Polyunsaturated essential fatty acids are precursors to potent molecules that govern both phases. In the initiation phase, arachidonic acid is converted to prostaglandins and leukotrienes that activate leukocytes to transmigrate from postcapillary venules. The omega-3 fatty acids (e.g., DHA and EPA) are precursors to resolvins, protectins, and maresins, which are families of chemically distinct mediators with potent functions in resolution of acute and chronic inflammation in the respiratory system.

Phase-controlled pattern-tunable optical traveling wave antenna array

An optical phased array is designed based on equally spaced identical Au waveguides serving as optical traveling wave antennas (OTWAs). Phased surface plasmon polaritons are fed through the Au waveguides and partly radiate out at the terminals. The simulation results indicate that the pattern maximum of a 7-element OTWA array can be dynamically steered over a range of up to 60.6° by changing the excitation phase differences between the elements, and the main lobe is narrowed compared to the single-element case. A theoretical analysis about the tunable pattern by the pattern multiplication principle is carried out, which is basically consistent with the simulations. Such an OTWA array should have potential applications in nano-optics due to its ability to steer the pattern without mechanical motion.

Low-dose pro-resolving mediators temporally reset the resolution response to microbial inflammation

BackgroundSpecialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) promote resolution of inflammation, clear infections and stimulate tissue regeneration. These include resolvins, protectins, and maresins. During self-resolving acute inflammation, SPMs are produced and have key functions activating endogenous resolution response for returning to homeostasis. Herein, we addressed whether infections initiated with ongoing inflammation alter resolution programs, and if low-dose repetitive SPM regimen re-programs the resolution response.MethodsInflammation was initiated with zymosan (1 mg/mouse) followed by E. coli (105 CFU/mouse) infections carried out in murine peritonitis, and exudates collected at 4-72 h. Leukocytes were enumerated using light microscopy, percentages of PMN, monocytes and macrophages were determined using flow cytometry, and resolution indices calculated. Lipid mediators and SPM profiles were established using mass spectrometry-based metabololipidomics. Repetitive dosing with a SPM panel consisting of RvD1, RvD2, RvD5, MaR1 and RvE2 (0.1 ng/mouse each, i.p.) was given to mice, followed by zymosan challenge. Leukocyte composition, resolution indices and RNA-sequencing were carried out for the repetitive SPM treatments.ResultsE. coli infections initiated acute inflammation-resolution programs with temporal SPM production in the infectious exudates. Zymosan-induced inflammation prior to E. coli peritonitis shifted exudate resolution indices and delayed E. coli clearance. Lipid mediator metabololipidomics demonstrated that E. coli infection with ongoing zymosan-induced inflammation shifted the time course of exudate SPMs, activating a SPM cluster that included RvD1, RvD5 and MaR1 during the initiation phase of infectious inflammation (0-4 h); RvD5 and MaR1 were present also in the resolution phase (24-48 h). To emulate daily SPM regimens used in humans, a repetitive subthreshold dosing of the SPM panel RvD1, RvD2, RvD5, MaR1 and RvE2 each at 0.1 ng per mouse was administered. This low-dose SPM regimen accelerated exudate PMN clearance following zymosan-induced inflammation, and shortened the resolution interval by > 70%. These low-dose SPMs regulated genes and pathways related to immune response, chemokine clearance and tissue repair, as demonstrated by using RNA-sequencing.ConclusionsInfections encountered during ongoing inflammation in mice reset the resolution mechanisms of inflammation via SPM clusters. Low-dose SPMs activate innate immune responses and pathways towards the resolution response that can be reprogrammed.

Divergent features of collective gravitational quantum excitations

In this research, we study different aspects of collective gravitational quantum excitations in the framework of the quantum multistream model. The energy dispersion of collective electrostatic (plasmon) and gravitational excitations or as we call gravity quasiparticle (GQ) are derived using the nonrelativistic and relativistic models and many parameters such as the effective mass, phase, and group speed of quasiparticle excitations are studied, in detail. It is shown that, unlike plasmons with a forbidden energy gap, all positive and negative energy values are allowed for GQs. However, unlike plasmon with a dual-tone nature of collective excitations, the GQs are found to be single-tone with either wave-like or particle-like oscillations being strongly damped. The linear phase-space evolution of GQs indicates that they evolve similarly to the classical system of particles in the center of the mass frame in which the force due to self-consistent gravitational potential plays the role of interparticle forces. It is shown that the damping of wavelike or particle-like excitations in GQ energy dispersion leads to three distinct phenomena of gravitational expansion (\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$E>0$$\\end{document}), stable matter (\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$E=0$$\\end{document}) and gravitational collapse (\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$E<0$$\\end{document}), respectively. The Hubble-Lemaitre-like relation is obtained from the generalized probability current for GQs. The quantum gravitational interference effect is also studied.

BST2 induces vascular smooth muscle cell plasticity and phenotype switching during cancer progression.

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) plasticity and phenotypic switching play prominent roles in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, but their role in tumorigenesis is unknown. We investigated whether and how SMC diversity and plasticity plays a role in tumor angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment. We use SMC-specific lineage-tracing mouse models and single cell RNA sequencing to observe the phenotypic diversity of SMCs participating in tumor vascularization. We find that a significant proportion of SMCs adopt a phenotype traditionally associated with macrophage-like cells. These cells are transcriptionally similar to 'resolution phase' M2b macrophages, which have been described to have a role in inflammation resolution. Computationally predicted by the ligand-receptor algorithm CellChat, signaling from BST2 on the surface of tumor cells to PIRA2 on SMCs promote this phenotypic transition; in vitro SMC assays demonstrate upregulation of macrophage transcriptional programs, and increased proliferation, migration, and phagocytic ability when exposed to BST2. Knockdown of BST2 in the tumor significantly decreases the transition towards a macrophage-like phenotype, and cells that do transition have a comparatively higher inflammatory signal typically associated with anti-tumor effect. As BST2 is known to be a poor prognostic marker in multiple cancers where it is associated with an M2 macrophage-skewed TME, these studies suggest that phenotypically switched SMCs may have a previously unidentified role in this immunosuppressive milieu. Further translational work is needed to understand how this phenotypic switch could influence the response to anti-cancer agents and if targeted inhibition of SMC plasticity would be therapeutically beneficial.

A reconfigurable ultra-wideband high-purity multimode terahertz OAM antenna array based on graphene and vanadium dioxide

A reconfigurable ultra-wideband multimode terahertz OAM antenna array based on graphene and vanadium dioxide (VO2) is presented in this paper. The uniform circular array (UCA) composed of circularly polarized (CP) antennas, which include a ring radiation patch, a parasitic patch, a perovskite substrate and an irregular VO2 ground plane. The radiation patch is covered with a layer of graphene, by changing the chemical potential of graphene, the working bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna can be changed. By changing the phase state of VO2 (metal state / insulation state) to control the working state of the antenna. The impedance bandwidth (IBW) of the CP antenna proposed is 115.09% (1.73–6.42 THz), the axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) is 43.97% (2.36–3.69 THz). Using the CP antenna unit can simplify the complex feed network, and only feeding the equal amplitude and equal phase excitation can realize the vortex wave. Changing the number and rotation angle of the antenna unit can realize multimode vortex waves with the l= 0, ±1, ±2, ±3, the purity is approximately 1, respectively. The proposed UCA has excellent application prospect in the 6G communication.

Sexual side effects of antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: Protocol for a systematic review with single-arm, pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies

Introduction Sexual dysfunctions are common yet underreported side effects of antipsychotics for schizophrenia, affecting 30-80% of treated individuals. These side effects can severely impact social interactions and treatment adherence for individuals with schizophrenia, but comprehensive comparative evidence assessing the risk profiles of different antipsychotics is lacking. This study aims to address this gap using network meta-analysis that integrates data from both randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRS). Protocol This systematic review will include both RCTs and NRS focusing on participants with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses, without restrictions on symptoms, gender, ethnicity, age, or setting. For interventions, all second-generation antipsychotics will be included. The primary outcome will be the occurrence of at least one sexual adverse event of any kind. Secondary outcomes will be the occurrence of any sexual adverse event evaluated in men and women separately, and any adverse event related to the three phases of sexual response cycle separately: desire (e.g. libido, sexual thoughts), arousal (e.g. erection, lubrication) and orgasm (e.g. ejaculation, anorgasmia), and any adverse effect related to breast dysfunction and menstruation irregularities. Study selection and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 1 and ROBINS-I will be employed to evaluate the risk of bias for RCTs and NRS, respectively. Single-arm meta-analysis of proportions will synthesize the average frequency of sexual adverse events in treated participants. Pairwise and network meta-analysis of RCTs and NRS will be used to evaluate comparative tolerability. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will explore possible heterogeneity in results and validate the findings’ robustness. The quality of the evidence will be evaluated using GRADE. Discussion This study will provide vital insights into the sexual side effects of antipsychotics by combining evidence from clinical trials and real-world practice, facilitating better decision-making in choosing the optimal antipsychotic for individuals.