Exchange Value Research Articles

The Digital Growth Machine: Urban Change and the Ideology of Technology

Technology sector–led urban growth combines digital accumulation and urban accumulation dynamics to transform urban growth processes and outcomes. Together, these forces create the digital growth machine: a potent urban growth variation that fosters four related capital accumulation avenues that enable and support its activities. First, the digital growth machine extends long-standing land development and industrial attraction strategies to promote urban growth and increase exchange values. Second, it develops new possibilities for capturing land-related profit beyond traditional land development and intensification strategies. Third, it supports new opportunities for intermediaries to emerge and profit. Fourth, it creates new digital renderings of the city that affect land-related value and perceptions of place. With these processes, the digital growth machine simultaneously furthers dynamics of elite control over land that have become deeply entrenched in cities under capitalism, while qualitatively transforming urban life and the role of cities and land in this economic system.

Traditional villages empowerment in local wisdom preservation towards cultural tourism development

The complexity of local wisdom, way of life, and community beliefs have encouraged the growth and development of indigenous and cultural diversity which can later support tourism development. However, it can also be denied that the Tabanan community will present various natural phenomena with various kinds of things that can cause various conflicts with local wisdom in the community. The results of this study indicate that it is necessary to empower traditional villages by combining traditional village programs with innovative local government programs, by making innovations and creations, both in the fields of creativity, taste, and initiative, by involving the participation of the community so that people's love for culture grows. There have been changes in the social, cultural, and economic fields of society, lifestyles, and economic systems that continue to develop following the flow of globalization. Modernization causes changes in various fields of values, attitudes, and similarities to the realities faced by traditional villages, objects that were previously converted into something that has an exchange value, innovation and commercialization are carried out for tourism connoisseurs, social changes that always change society from one level to another other level, by innovating and creating.

A Study on the Relationship between Service Value Creation Attributes and Participation Value, Collective Intelligence, and Co-creation in Beauty One-person Media

In this study, the structural influence relationship between consumer value, collective intelligence, and co-creation was investigated from value creation attributes and the utilization of consumer participation in the one-person beauty media business model. For the above purpose, a questionnaire was given to 618 people (280 samples of corporate brand type, 338 samples of individual creator type) who experienced information sharing activities in the beauty one-person media. Further, internal consistency analysis, model fit analysis, and path analysis were conducted using SPSS and AMOS statistical packages. The results of this study were as follows. As a result of the analysis of the path relationship between the value creation attributes and the participation value of the beauty one-person media service, first, in the corporate brand type, core strategy, customer value, and strategic support had a significant effect on use-value, and core strategy, customer value, and value network had a significant effect on the exchange value. In the individual creator type, customer value, strategic resource, and value network had a significant effect on use value, and only customer value and strategic resource had a significant effect on exchange value. Second, as a result of analyzing the path relationship between the value creation attributes and exchange value of the beauty one-person media service. In the corporate brand type, only exchange value had a significant effect on collective intelligence, and in the individual creator type, both use value and exchange value had a significant effect on collective intelligence. Third, as a result of the analysis of the path relationship between the participation value and collective intelligence in the beauty one-person media service, collective intelligence significantly effected co-creation in both the corporate brand type and the individual creator type.

Efficacy of plasma exchange in children with severe hemophagocytic syndrome: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

To investigate the efficacy and application value of plasma exchange as an adjuvant therapy in children with hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). A prospective randomized controlled trial was designed. Forty children with severe HPS were enrolled, who were treated in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Hunan Children's Hospital from October 2018 to October 2020. The children were randomly divided into a plasma exchange group and a conventional treatment group using a random number table, with 20 children in each group. The children in the conventional treatment group received etiological treatment and conventional symptomatic supportive treatment, and those in the plasma exchange group received plasma exchange in addition to the treatment in the conventional treatment group. The two groups were compared in terms of general information, clinical symptoms and signs before and after treatment, main laboratory markers, treatment outcome, and prognosis. Before treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups in gender, age, course of the disease before admission, etiological composition, pediatric critical illness score, involvement of organ or system functions, and laboratory markers (P>0.05). After 7 days of treatment, both groups had remission and improvement in clinical symptoms and signs. After treatment, the plasma exchange group had significantly lower levels of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and serum protein levels than the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). The plasma exchange group also had significantly lower levels of alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin than the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). The length of stay in the PICU in the plasma exchange group was significantly shorter than that in the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). The plasma exchange group had a significantly higher treatment response rate than the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the total length of hospital stay and 3-month mortality rate (P>0.05). Plasma exchange as an adjuvant therapy is effective for children with severe HPS. It can improve clinical symptoms and signs and some laboratory markers and shorten the length of stay in the PICU, and therefore, it may become an optional adjuvant therapy for children with severe HPS.

Tools of the trade: the bio-cultural evolution of the human propensity to trade.

Humans are standouts in their propensity to trade. More specially, the kind of trading found in humans—featuring the exchange of many different goods and services with many different others, for the mutual benefit of all the involved parties—far exceeds anything that is found in any other creature. However, a number of important questions about this propensity remain open. First, it is not clear exactly what makes this propensity so different in the human case from that of other animals. Second, it is not clear why other animals did not acquire this propensity to the extent that humans did. Third, it is not clear what explains the fact that the extent to which humans engage in trade is culturally highly variable. The paper argues that at the heart of the human-animal divergence in this propensity is the particular socio-cultural environment in which humans evolved. This has led them to sometimes, but not always, acquire the cognitive technology (writing, algebra, tallying devices, money, etc.) to support a sophisticated disposition and capacity for reciprocal cooperation, and deep and wide concepts of property and exchange value.

Effect of Ease of Access to Information on Technology Usability on Household Food Security among Smallholder Farmers in Bungoma North Sub-County, Kenya

Smallholder farming is the livelihood of a large proportion of the population in developing countries, and agricultural innovations have the potential of enhancing productivity. In Sub-Saharan Africa, maize is a major staple; however, farmers experience heavy losses in post-harvest operations, especially storage. Hermetic storage technologies can preserve grain in quality and quantity, thus ensuring food availability while maintaining their exchange value. Extracting benefits from technology is premised on their adoption and use by farmers. Technology adoption is a process that starts with the diffusion of information about the existence of innovation. The study examined the effect of ease of access to information on technology usability on household food security in Bungoma North Sub-County, in Kenya. This study employed a cross-sectional design, where 394 households were sampled from across all the six locations of Bungoma North Sub County and questionnaires administered. From the factor analysis, household food security was loaded onto two components: food availability and food consumption, while ease of access to information on technology usability was loaded onto one component. Simple linear regression was used to estimate the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variables. Ease of access to information on technology usability had a positive and significant effect on both food availability and food consumption. This study is important in strategizing for productivity enhancement among smallholder farmers and recommends increased awareness on the availability of agricultural technologies.

Informational nature of money

The study of the relationship between information and money is one of the most relevant, widely discussed and yet difficult issues to explore. However, many aspects remain unclear, requiring deeper research and understanding. The object of this study was the nature of subjective assessments, their qualitative and quantitative characteristics in relation to the direct exchange of things. The content of objective exchange value as a relative value that is not measurable has been revealed in the article. It carries with it information about the proportion of things exchanged. The quantitative ratio of the value of the available monetary units and the units value of goods exchanged for them determines the price of money. The connection between commodity and credit money has been traced. It has been proved that money fulfills its information function as imaginary, ideal money. It has been concluded about the spontaneous adaptation of the competitive markets, money and prices information system to the conditions of falling purchasing power of money. The results of the study extend knowledge about the informational nature of money and outline perspectives for further research.

Forecasting Model of the Money Price of Any Technical Work During Construction Process in Any Time Instance Due to the Management of the Construction Contract as a Forward Commodity Contract

Abstract The full expansion of the general formula, which calculates the money price of a forward contract at the end of the prearranged period T, makes us tangibly understand the relationship between time and money function {M(oney)=f [t(ime)]} in determining the purchase price/cost of a forward commodity. Similarly, in the case of the production process of construction, it has been shown that there is a time-money function {M(oney) = f [t(ime)]}, which determines the purchase price/cost of a technical commodity. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the possibility of studying and interpreting of the dynamic variations of the parameters that shape the final monetary exchange value of any construction as demonstrated by the time-money relationship and determined by research and financial management.

Adorno, Marx, and abstract domination

This article reconstructs and defends Theodor Adorno’s social theory by motivating the central role of abstract domination within it. Whereas critics such as Axel Honneth have charged Adorno with adhering to a reductive model of personal domination, I argue that the latter rather understands domination as a structural and de-individualized feature of capitalist society. If Adorno’s social theory is to be explanatory, however, it must account for the source of the abstractions that dominate modern individuals and, in particular, that of value. While such an account remains undeveloped in Adorno, Marx provides resources for its development, in positing the constitution of value neither in production nor exchange alone, but in the social totality. This article argues that Marx’s account is compatible with Adorno’s, and that it may be used to render Adorno’s theory of domination more credible on explanatory grounds.

Aeroplane hothouse aeration

Maintaining favorable microclimate parameters for growing vegetables in a greenhouse affects the yield. The paper considers a three-span greenhouse, the air exchange in which is a single process. The areas of supply and exhaust aeration openings were determined under normalized air exchange. By means of multivariate calculations, the values of air exchange in each of the spans of the greenhouse were obtained with the accepted opening areas in the warm period of the year, which were compared with the minimum required air volume.&#x0D; Key words: aeration, greenhouse, natural ventilation, microclimate.

Value implication of digital transformation: the impact of the commodification of information

The transforming construction agenda argues that digitalization enables better value by addressing coordination challenges. However, this claim poorly articulates how value is constituted, and ignores the problems with digitalization in real-life practices. The paper presents a finer-grained analysis of the value implications of digitalization in a critical discourse, organized in two parts, using the two value creation logics in construction as proposed by Bygballe and Jahre and the concept of “commodification” as proposed by Prudham. Through a critical literature review, the first part argues that digitalization mainly supports “production value creation logic” focussing on the integration of business processes at an organizational level, while creating challenges for “project value creation logic” by hampering mutual adjustment in situated practices. The second part conceives of digitalization as “commodification of information” to expose the complex set of processes causing digitalization to impact differently on the two value creation logics. It reveals that digitalization elevates the digital exchange value of information above its situated use value, and so, it systematically shifts the social and business contexts of coordination. Thus, digitalization shifts what, how, by whom and to whose advantage, value is created and captured, making it a politicized change with implications for management and policy.

On Value Creation, Value Form Transformation and Life of Engineering Value

<p indent="0mm">After the linguistic turn, the philosophical analysis of “ordinary language” and “academic language” has attracted much attention. This paper pays special attention to the application of interdisciplinary analysis methods and the philosophical analysis of the economic research results of engineering value, focusing on the philosophical analysis of engineering value from the perspective of creationism and process theory. This paper briefly analyzes the technical design, value demand design and aesthetic design of engineering products and some philosophical issues raised. At the same time, it also discusses the production subject of engineering activities, production procedures, exchange value and value exchange of engineering products, value form transformation, value realization and life cycle of engineering value, especially the value content and mutual transformation of products, and commodities and consumer goods.

Addressing Media Literacy through an International Virtual Exchange: A Report of One ESL-EFL Collaboration

This article contributes to the literature on the value of Virtual Exchanges (VEs) in the field of technology-mediated language learning. Specifically, we report on a pilot program for high school English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in Slovakia and English as a Second Language (ESL) learners in Michigan, USA who engaged in a 10-week, international VE focused on media literacy. Learners in both countries collaborated on a project that involved developing and administering a survey on media literacy beliefs and practices among high schoolers at their institutions and provided feedback on their international peers’ survey designs and presentations of survey findings. Learners also worked to raise awareness about misinformation through a media literacy campaign implemented in their social media networks. To guide language educators interested in implementing VEs, we also address the technological tools that enhanced the VE program and discuss several pedagogical issues that are important to consider in VEs for language learners.

Virtual assets: compelling a new anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing regulatory model

Abstract Virtual assets present unique Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing (AML/CTF) risks that have been overlooked by global regulation in the past. This article considers virtual assets’ potential as a new way to exchange value and the need for effective AML/CTF regulation. It analyses the emerging issues that will elevate the risks and considers the current global regulatory response including the reliance on centralized intermediaries. This article recommends extending the regulatory framework to include regulation that is native to the peer-to-peer nature of virtual assets to address the risks. This article argues this new regulatory model will ultimately be more effective in achieving the goal of AML/CTF regulation than the current regulation has been in the traditional financial system. Despite the inherently global nature of virtual assets, where the domestic perspective is required this will be considered in the context of Australia, drawing upon other jurisdictions where applicable.

“Homes not shelters”: co-productions of home in financialized social housing for women in Vancouver, Canada

ABSTRACT The financialization of housing, which privileges the exchange value of housing as a commodity over its use value, disproportionately impacts low-income households, women, and people of colour by exacerbating precarious, insecure, and unsafe housing conditions, thereby shaping their experiences of home. In this paper, I engage critical geographies of home and draw on ethnographic work in low-income housing sites for women in Vancouver, Canada. I conceptualize everyday impacts of housing financialization and power relations on co-productions of home by tenants and staff. I argue that a ‘co-production of home’ through processes of home-making and un-making by different housing actors demonstrate that low-income tenants’ experiences of housing and home are impacted by intersecting social hierarchies of power, as well as the financialization of housing. Further, the impacts of housing financialization are resisted through actions like organizational policies from housing providers and tenants’ relationships with their neighbours that produce feelings of community.

Consumer-to-consumer product exchanges for original fashion brands in the sharing economy: Good or bad for fashion knockoffs?

It is widely considered that the popularity of consumer-to-consumer product exchange (C2C-PE) can reduce customer’s demand for new products, which hurts original fashion brand’s sales and profit. However, this perspective overlooks the impact of C2C-PE on the knockoff trading, a noticeable challenge the fashion brands is encountering. Taking a fresh perspective, we argue that C2C-PE can encourage knockoff customers to purchase original products because of the additional product exchange value. To validate this argument, we construct analytical models to explore the impacts of C2C-PE on the members of the fashion supply chain and the consumers. By comparing between the cases with C2C-PE and without C2C-PE, we theoretically find that the presence of C2C-PE benefits the original supply chain, its members and the consumers, while harms the knockoff supply chain, its members and the consumers. The findings are robust when considering: (i) strategic quality decision; (ii) price dependent C2C-PE utility and (iii) consumers’ conspicuous behavior. Managerial implications and future research agenda are discussed.

Market-Induced Displacement and Its Afterlives: Lived Experiences of Loss and Resilience

We examine residents’ lived experiences of market-induced displacement from informal settlements and of their afterlives in greater Jakarta—the creeping displacement of residents under pressure to sell their land rights to developers and land brokers. We interrogate four aspects of these displacees’ afterlives: housing, livelihoods, rentiership, and commoning. Displacees relocate to cheaper kampungs where they can improve their housing quality. Such individualized gains are counterbalanced by social dispossession: a collective loss of the sociality and mutual aid of kampung living. These experiences are unequal, shaped by households’ differentiated sociospatial positionalities, their agency and resilience, and the larger political economic context. These differentiated experiences are marked by loss, mourning, and hardship but also by the possibilities that displacees create in resettlement: efforts to maintain and re-create kampung ways of life that contest neoliberal world-class urbanism’s emphasis on individualism. Conceptually, our findings question the common partitioning of displacement into voluntary and involuntary; highlight displacees’ conflicting experiences and practices, taking advantage of the exchange value of land while carving out spaces of mutual aid and care; identify the importance of expanding conceptions of dispossession to encompass social and affective registers; and challenge representations of displacees as passive victims of accumulation by dispossession.

A Techno-Business Platform to Improve Customer Experience Following the Brand Crisis Recovery: A B2B Perspective.

A platform is a business model that allows business-to-business (B2B) participants to connect, interacts, create and exchange value. B2B exploits social media for brand building and branding is vulnerable to attacks, which leads to a brand crisis. B2B should characterise such crisis and respond proportionally to avert damage to social listening (SL). To diminish damages, the solution is to measure customer experience (CX), especially in a crisis situation. The study proposes an analytics-enabled customer experience (AeCX) platform for emotion detection in social media and measures CX after recovering from such crisis, by exploring recovery time objective (RTO), recovery point objective (RPO), techno-business features (TBF), SL and perceived risk (PR). A quantitative research methodology is used on primary data collected from 302 B2B participants. The study reveals improvement in CX and the results provide evidence that social media channels and the TBF of AeCX have become important.

The Moderating Role of Return on Assets on Sharia Stock Returns: A Case Study on the Jakarta Islamic Index

This research aims to analyze the impact of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Exchange Value, and Index ISR in Sharia Stock Return pass of Return on Asset (ROA) in a company administered in the Jakarta Islamic Index 2013-2017 period. This sample choosing with the purposive sampling method with the total sample as 29 from 30 companies. The data used in this study is the secondary data, and data analysis used is the multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis. The research result indicates that experiment T Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Index ISR are not influential in Stock Return. Exchange Value and Return on Asset (ROA) significance of Stock Return. Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Index ISR influence Return on Asset (ROA). At the same time, Exchange Value is not influential with Return on Asset. Experiment F refers that DER, Exchange Value, and Index ISR influence Return on Asset and Stock Return. However, ROA cannot mediate the relation between DER, Exchange Value, and Index ISR in Stock Return.

An Ex-Post Analysis of the 2004 Olympic Effect

This paper evaluates the effects of the Olympic Games of 2004 hosted in Athens on Greece’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), as estimated in Papanikos (1999). The estimates were made in 1997 for a period of fourteen years, 1998-2011, based on various scenarios. During this period two events have had a great impact on GDP that could have been predicted in 1997. Firstly, Greece adopted the euro in 2002, and even though this was pretty much a possibility in 1997, but not of course a certainty, the most important effect of the euro would have come from its exchange value vis-a-vis major currencies of countries with Greece was trading. This included tourism. Despite what many economists thought at the time, the introduction of the euro was not accompanied by a devaluation, but by unprecedented overvaluation. This had a negative impact on Greek GDP. Secondly, the Great Recession hit the Greek economy hard starting in 2008. These two effects had a negative impact on Greek GDP, wiping out the expected positive effects of the Olympic Games. Keywords: Olympic Games, GDP, Athens 2004, euro, great recession