Social Exchange Research Articles

A “quiet quitting” scale: development and validation

Purpose Many principles and paradigms that influenced the labour system before the COVID-19 pandemic have changed, and the academic and corporate communities are struggling to make sense of the paradigm shifts the authors have entered. One of the organisational phenomena highlighted after the COVID-19 pandemic is “Quiet quitting”, that is, the tendency for workers to do the bare minimum tasks necessary for their occupations to avoid getting dismissed. This phenomenon may substantially impact both organisations and workers. As a result, academic interest in “Quiet quitting” has recently proliferated. Upon using leader-member exchange, organisational support and social exchange theories, this paper aims to propose and validate a scale measuring the new construct, “Quiet Quitting”. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 1,430 valid questionnaires from individuals working in different industries, organisations and regions in the USA were examined using normality and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin tests, as well as factor, reliability and nomological validity analyses. Findings Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and reliability and nomological validity evaluations validate the proposed “Quiet Quitting” scale. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the proposed and validated “Quiet Quitting” scale is original. Since this scale may help to examine crucial management-worker dynamics in organisations, it may be subsequently developed and used by researchers in future studies.

Emergence in context: How team-client psychological contract fulfillment is associated with the emergence of team identification or team-member exchange.

Psychological contracts have been theorized to occur at different levels of analysis and with different exchange parties. In this article, we develop the concept of team-client psychological contract fulfillment (team-client PCF) as a team-level social exchange indicator, reflecting the team members' perceptions of the degree of fulfillment of the commitments a client promised to a team. Using the multilevel group-process framework (Lang et al., 2019) and a sample of newly formed self-managed teams consisting of 838 observations, nested in 244 individuals, 56 teams, and in four waves of data, we tested the claim that team-client PCF may determine the type of collective states that emerge within the team. When team-client PCF is higher, it should create conditions for the emergence of team states related to team maintenance (i.e., team identification), whereas when team-client PCF is lower, it is more likely that teams develop states related to the regulation of team performance (i.e., team-member exchange [TMX]). Our results support our hypotheses. We discuss implications for both the psychological contract literature as well as the team dynamics literature (especially team dynamics of team identification and TMX). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Abusive supervision and safety behavior in high-risk industries: The moderating role of trait mindfulness

Drawing on social exchange theory, we proposed a dual-stage moderated mediation framework to examine the impact of abusive supervision on employee safety behavior in high-risk industries. We conducted a survey of 652 frontline employees from 32 chemical establishments in southwest China using scales assessing abusive supervision, burnout, employee safety behavior, and trait mindfulness. Our results revealed that abusive supervision had detrimental effects on employee safety behavior, with burnout partially mediating this relationship. Trait mindfulness emerged as a mitigating factor that attenuated the negative influence of abusive supervision and subsequent burnout on employee safety behavior. The findings shed light on the harmful consequences of abusive supervision within the transitional Chinese chemical industry landscape and provide valuable insights for enhancing leadership quality and promoting mindfulness-based employee initiatives.

Influence of academic leadership on organizational commitment of faculty members in private sector universities: mediating role of work engagement

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of academic leadership on the organizational commitment of faculty members in private universities in Punjab. Work engagement was examined as a mediator, and co-worker support was considered as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach The study used a quantitative, cross-sectional approach with convenience sampling. Regression and correlation analyses were used for hypothesis testing. Social exchange theory guided the exploration of academic leadership’s impact on faculty members’ organizational commitment. Findings Results of the current study indicated a positive and significant effect of academic leadership on organizational commitment. Work engagement was identified as a partial mediator in this relationship. However, co-worker support was found to be an insignificant moderator, indicating no substantial influence on the relationship between academic leadership and work engagement among faculty members in private-sector universities. Originality/value The similarity of the paper is less than 18%.

Factors affecting GEN Z’s intention to leave jobs in Vietnam

This study examines the factors affecting Gen Z’s intention to leave jobs in Vietnam. The Gen Z workforce is a fundamental human resource in society. However, the mounting rates of job turnover within this demographic have emerged as a notable cause for concern. This study, based on social exchange theory and self-concept theory, aims to evaluate the impact of various factors on the intention to leave among office employees from Gen Z in Vietnam. The study utilized a mixed-method, combining qualitative research (focus groups with 7 official employees) and quantitative research methods (Cronbach’s Alpha, Exploratory Factor Analysis-EFA, Pearson correlation, and multivariate linear regression). A sample of 385 office employees was surveyed, and data was analyzed using SPSS 26 software. The results revealed that stress at work (SW) positively affects office employees’ intentions to leave jobs. In contrast, some factors such as career advancement (CA), corporate social responsibility (CSR), work environment (WE), ethical leadership (EL), and salary policy (SP) negatively affect official employees’ intention to leave jobs. Drawing on these results, managers can better understand how to mitigate the intention to leave jobs among office employees from Gen Z in Vietnam through adjustments in career advancement, corporate social responsibility, work environment, ethical leadership, and salary policy. The study acknowledged certain limitations and provided avenues for future research.

The techno-ties that bind: how transaction-specific investment, trust and adaptive collaboration influence performance in e-commerce consortium blockchain

Purpose Blockchains used by e-commerce consortia are a novel form of governance that facilitates coordination and collaboration among the numerous organisations that comprise e-commerce supply chains. Despite the increasing prevalence of consortium blockchain networks for e-commerce, there is a limited understanding of the economic and social dynamics that influence the behaviour of blockchain consortium members. By utilising transaction cost theory and social exchange theory, this research investigates the interplay between blockchain transaction-specific investment (BTSI), trust, adaptive collaboration (ADC) and the overall performance of supply chains in consortium blockchainsDesign/methodology/approach A quantitative research approach was employed to collect data from a representative sample of blockchain organisations affiliated with e-commerce consortium blockchains worldwide. Following this, the data obtained from 361 participants were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Findings The results of our study indicate that BTSI has a substantial impact on trust. Furthermore, trust plays a pivotal role in shaping ADC, and ADC, in turn, acts as a mediator in the relationship between trust and performance outcomes.Originality/value This study underlines these economic and social dynamics in the evolving context of consortium blockchain networks, offering insights into their significance within a technology-driven environment.

Effect of Rural-to-Urban Migration on Family Dynamics in Mexico

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of rural-to-urban migration on family dynamics in Mexico. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Rural - urban migration in Mexico has significantly impacted family dynamics, leading to changes in family structure, economic conditions, and social relationships. Migrants often shift from extended family networks to more nuclear family setups, which can alter traditional family roles and support systems. While migration typically improves economic opportunities and educational access, it also introduces challenges such as emotional stress from separation, difficulties in maintaining family ties, and adapting to urban cultural norms. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Family systems theory, ecological systems theory & social exchange theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the effect of rural-to-urban migration on family dynamics in Mexico. Practitioners should develop and implement targeted support programs that address the specific needs of migrant families, such as counseling services, role-specific training, and digital communication tools. Policymakers should create inclusive urban policies that address the challenges faced by migrant families, such as housing affordability, access to education, and social services.

Breaking down barriers: exploring the impact of social capital on knowledge sharing and transfer in the workplace

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed formidable challenges to economic mobility and corporate expansion. Among these challenges is its pronounced effect on knowledge innovation, a cornerstone upon which many organizations depend. To re-establish the flow of internal knowledge, organizations are compelled to refine their knowledge management strategies and amplify employees’ motivation and eagerness to share and transfer information. This study delves into the influence of knowledge management processes on employees’ knowledge-sharing and transfer behaviors, viewed through the lens of the social exchange theory. It also probes the role of social capital in fostering and augmenting employees’ involvement in refining these processes. Data was gleaned from 30 information service firms in mainland China, resulting in 483 valid responses. Our findings highlight that both relational and structural forms of social capital positively influence the knowledge management processes, subsequently enhancing employees’ knowledge-sharing and transfer behaviors.

SOCIAL STOCK EXCHANGE: A WAY FORWARD TO MAKE INDIA A VIKSIT BHARAT (DEVELOPED NATION) @ 2047

This research paper delves deep into the mechanisms of the Social Stock Exchange, unravelling its potential to shape a sustainable future, where economic growth seamlessly integrates with social well-being, guiding India towards its visionary goal to become developed nation by 2047. This qualitative research study attempts to give comprehensive view on Social Stock Exchange (SSE) proposed in India by providing information on Framework, Global outlook, Significance, Challenges & Limitations of SSE. The study also shows that how this revolutionary concept will significantly contribute to attain United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 and in the development of India to become Viksit Bharat by 2047.

Using Wearables to Study Biopsychosocial Dynamics in Couples Who Cope With a Chronic Health Condition: Ambulatory Assessment Study.

Technology has become an integral part of our everyday life, and its use to manage and study health is no exception. Romantic partners play a critical role in managing chronic health conditions as they tend to be a primary source of support. This study tests the feasibility of using commercial wearables to monitor couples' unique way of communicating and supporting each other and documents the physiological correlates of interpersonal dynamics (ie, heart rate linkage). We analyzed 617 audio recordings of 5-minute duration (384 with concurrent heart rate data) and 527 brief self-reports collected from 11 couples in which 1 partner had type II diabetes during the course of their typical daily lives. Audio data were coded by trained raters for social support. The extent to which heart rate fluctuations were linked among couples was quantified using cross-correlations. Random-intercept multilevel models explored whether cross-correlations might differ by social contexts and exchanges. Sixty percent of audio recordings captured speech between partners and partners reported personal contact with each other in 75% of self-reports. Based on the coding, social support was found in 6% of recordings, whereas at least 1 partner self-reported social support about half the time (53%). Couples, on average, showed small to moderate interconnections in their heart rate fluctuations (r=0.04-0.22). Couples also varied in the extent to which there was lagged linkage, that is, meaning that changes in one partner's heart rate tended to precede changes in the other partner's heart rate. Exploratory analyses showed that heart rate linkage was stronger (1) in rater-coded partner conversations (vs moments of no rater-coded partner conversations: rdiff=0.13; P=.03), (2) when partners self-reported interpersonal contact (vs moments of no self-reported interpersonal contact: rdiff=0.20; P<.001), and (3) when partners self-reported social support exchanges (vs moments of no self-reported social support exchange: rdiff=0.15; P=.004). Our study provides initial evidence for the utility of using wearables to collect biopsychosocial data in couples managing a chronic health condition in daily life. Specifically, heart rate linkage might play a role in fostering chronic disease management as a couple. Insights from collecting such data could inform future technology interventions to promote healthy lifestyle engagement and adaptive chronic disease management. RR2-10.2196/13685.

Tourism live streamers as brand ambassadors: investigating their impact on destination brand value through social exchange theory

Purpose This study aims to identify the key characteristics of tourism live streamers (TLSers) that influence target consumers and examine how these characteristics enhance destination brand value by stimulating consumer emotional engagement and value co-creation behaviors. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey was conducted with 552 respondents who had viewed tourism live streaming in China. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings The results revealed that TLSers’ expertise had the strongest influence on consumers and positively affected their attachment, trust, participation and citizenship behaviors and perceived destination brand value. Attractiveness and trustworthiness exerted positive but weaker effects on these variables. Originality/value This study contributes to the theoretical development of live-streaming research by demonstrating the distinct impacts of TLSer characteristics. Furthermore, this study expands the application of the social exchange theory and value co-creation in tourism research.

Be overworked: after-hours electronic communication expectations and emotional exhaustion

PurposeThis study aimed to explore two questions. The first is why employees become emotionally exhausted when faced with after-hours electronic communication. The second is how can emotional exhaustion caused by after-hours electronic communication be alleviated?Design/methodology/approachOur research was based on conservation of resources theory, social exchange theory, and relative deprivation theory. We surveyed 241 employees using three waves of data collection to examine the impact of after-hours electronic communication expectations on their emotional exhaustion. We also explored the mediating effects of relative deprivation and obsessive passion from a cognitive-affective perspective and the moderating effect of leader-member exchange.FindingsThe results indicate that after-hours electronic communication expectations lead to employee emotional exhaustion, which is mediated by obsessive passion and relative deprivation. The leader-member exchange negatively moderated after-hours electronic communication expectations and relative deprivation but positively moderated after-hours electronic communication expectations and obsessive passion, thereby alleviating employee emotional exhaustion.Originality/valueIn exploring the influence mechanism of after-hours electronic communication expectations on emotional exhaustion from a cognitive-affective perspective, our study went beyond the limitations of analysis from a single perspective. A comparison of the two pathways indicated that cognition (relative deprivation) is more likely to lead to emotional exhaustion, which validates the view that individuals can ultimately analyse their behaviours rationally. By exploring the moderating effect of leader-member exchange, we provide a theoretical basis for organisations to take measures to alleviate the negative emotions caused by after-hours electronic communication.

Erosion of Trust in Healthcare Leadership: An Analysis of Anomie &amp; Social Exchange During COVID-19

Erosion of Trust in Healthcare Leadership: An Analysis of Anomie &amp; Social Exchange During COVID-19

Examining Employee Buy-In for Organizational Change: A Structural Equation Model

Abstract Regardless of the prevalence of change, getting employees on board is hard to achieve. While the investigation of leadership and change readiness has been done continuously, the examination of staff involvement in change and working culture, particularly of the non-western world, has been less appreciated. This article addresses this gap by analysing the connection between employee buy-in, trust, relationship, and task-oriented culture. The main data was gathered from 214 respondents. They are employees at a higher education institution in Cambodia and have experienced a technology-driven change recently. The structural equation model reveals significant relationships between trust and working relationship as well as task-oriented culture, highlighting the pivotal role of these cultural attributes in fostering trust and facilitating buy-in for change. The findings contribute to Social Exchange Theory by showcasing the reciprocal exchange between the employee relationship and support in organizational changes and portray a missing trust among Cambodian employees. Recommendations were drawn from the findings for the betterment of change practices by the managers and practitioners.

Rewrite The Recipe: A Gendered Examination of Social Exchange Theory in Leadership Research

Rewrite The Recipe: A Gendered Examination of Social Exchange Theory in Leadership Research

Social Exchange Breakdown: Income Inequality and High-Commitment Work Practices Effectiveness

Social Exchange Breakdown: Income Inequality and High-Commitment Work Practices Effectiveness

Interpersonal Helping and Team Performance: Power, Dependence, and Social Exchange Perspective

Interpersonal Helping and Team Performance: Power, Dependence, and Social Exchange Perspective

Overqualified Leaders and Team Performance: A Social Exchange Perspective

Overqualified Leaders and Team Performance: A Social Exchange Perspective

New Venture Team Initiation of Lead Founders: An Exchange Theory Perspective

New Venture Team Initiation of Lead Founders: An Exchange Theory Perspective

Blockchain Technology for Secure and Transparent Supply Chain Management

Purpose: The general objective of the study was to explore blockchain technology for secure and transparent supply chain management. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to blockchain technology for secure and transparent supply chain management. Preliminary empirical review revealed that blockchain technology had the potential to transform supply chain management by enhancing security and transparency. It emphasized the benefits of decentralization, immutability, and real-time visibility, which could reduce fraud and improve traceability. However, the study also highlighted challenges such as scalability, interoperability, and regulatory hurdles, which needed to be addressed for widespread adoption. Ultimately, the study suggested that companies investing in blockchain could gain a competitive advantage through increased efficiency and consumer trust, positioning blockchain as a crucial future component in supply chain management. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Transaction Cost Theory, Social Exchange Theory and Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory may be used to anchor future studies on blockchain technology. The study made significant contributions to theory, practice, and policy. It integrated blockchain into existing supply chain theories, highlighting its role in reducing transaction costs and fostering trust. Practically, it recommended businesses invest in blockchain for enhanced transparency and efficiency, and leverage smart contracts to automate processes. It emphasized the need for supportive regulatory frameworks and addressed legal and ethical implications. The study advised a phased implementation approach and stakeholder collaboration, and suggested future research explore blockchain's long-term impacts and integration with IoT and AI. It underscored the broader implications for global trade and economic development.