The main aim of this contribution is to study the link between the real exchange rate misalignment and the economic growth and to show the empirical proof from the case of Cameroon. An emerging country in which the exchange rate was devalued in order to deal with the major macroeconomic imbalances that have affected the country during the 1980 decade. Broadly speaking, empirical evidence confirms well the view that macroeconomic framework is conducive to economic growth; indeed, while, we can show that, the real exchange rage misalignment represents the instability of the macroeconomic framework, empirical evidence show that, in Cameroon, the economic growth is adversely affects by the misalignment of the real exchange rate. From an empirical point of view, this contribution provides some guidelines for specifying and estimating growth equation with time series data. L'objet principal de cette contribution est d'examiner la relation entre distorsion (mesalignement) du taux de change reel et croissance economique au Cameroun, une economie emergente ou le taux de change a ete devalue lorsque celui-ci etait confronte a d'importants desequilibres macroeconomiques; d'une maniere generale, les resultats de l'investigation empirique confirment l'idee, assez repandue dans la litterature, que la stabilite du cadre macroeconomique est un facteur d'augmentation de la croissance economique, en effet, le revenu/habitant de l'economie camerounaise est negativement et significativement lie aux distorsions de son taux de change reel. Du point de vue de l'analyse empirique, cette contribution fournit des lignes directives pour des analyses en series temporelles des determinants de la croissance economique.