Exchanging Text Messages Research Articles

Emoji as gesture in digital communication: Emoji improve comprehension of indirect speech.

As reliance on digital communication grows, so does the importance of communicating effectively with text. Yet when communicating with text, benefits from other channels, such as hand gesture, are diminished. Hand gestures support comprehension and disambiguate characteristics of the spoken message by providing information in a visual channel supporting speech. Can emoji (pictures used to supplement text communication) perform similar functions? Here, we ask whether emoji improve comprehension of indirect speech. Indirect speech is ambiguous, and appropriate comprehension depends on the receiver decoding context cues, such as hand gesture. We adapted gesture conditions from prior research (Kelly et al.,1999, Experiment 2) to a digital, text-based format, using emoji rather than gestures. Participants interpreted 12 hypothetical text-message exchanges that ended with indirect speech, communicated via text only, text+emoji, or emoji only, in a between-subjects design. Like that previously seen for hand gesture, emoji improved comprehension. Participants were more likely to correctly interpret indirect speech in the emoji-only condition compared with the text+emoji and the text-only conditions, and more likely in the text+emoji condition compared to the text-only condition. Thus, emoji are not mere decoration, but rather are integrated with text to communicate and disambiguate complex messages. Similar to gesture in face-to-face communication, emoji improve comprehension during text-based communication.

CHAT SIMULATOR USING AES ENCRYPTION

Smartphones have become an integral part the lives of individuals and their priorities The present moment. The most visible uses are to chat and chat programs Most of these apps do does not provide the necessary protection and privacy information exchanged between users. Chat apps have become one of the most important and popular smartphone apps. It has the ability to exchange text messages, images and files that can freely communicate with each other. All messages must be protected and in this paper the encryption to used for secure all messages is by using AES encryption. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric encryption algorithm widely used to keep data confidential in Internet networks. AES uses a block cipher with a block length of 128 bits and can encrypt data with keys consisting of 128, 192, or 256 bits. AES is one of the strongest encryption algorithms available today. It has been adopted by many organizations, including governments, banks, and technology companies. AES security is based on mathematical complexity and is difficult to crack even on ultra-fast computers. The AES encryption process involves multiple steps such as replace, move, and merge. The original data is split into smaller blocks and encrypted with the provided key. The blocks then change periodically, complicating the data patterns an attacker might find

Securing Messages Using AES Algorithm and Blockchain Technology on Mobile Devices

In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the use of mobile devices and messaging applications for communication, leading to a growing concern about the security of text messages exchanged through these platforms. This study proposes a novel method that uses the AES algorithm and Blockchain to secure text messages in messaging applications on mobile devices. The AES algorithm is selected due to its faster encryption and decryption processes, which are superior to asymmetric cryptography algorithms. On the other hand, Blockchain is chosen for its inherent security properties that only allow data addition and cannot be altered. This study aims to achieve both speed and security to prevent cybercrime in text messages. The Avalanche Effect calculation and Processing Time measurement are used as the analysis methods to evaluate the proposed approach. The results show that the computation time of the message delivery process using Blockchain and AES algorithm has an average total process time of 33.59 milliseconds. Additionally, the testing results of the Avalanche Effect value show that the AES algorithm has a value of 50% for character lengths up to 16 characters and below 50% for character lengths greater than 16 characters. Based on these testing results, the proposed combination of the AES algorithm and Blockchain is an effective method for securing text messages in messaging applications. This method can offer a secure and efficient way of exchanging text messages on mobile devices and can adopt as a standard approach for messaging applications.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTELLECTUAL SYSTEM OF SENTIMENT ANALYSIS AND CLUSTERIZATION OF PUBLICATIONS IN THE TWITTER SOCIAL NETWORK

Thanks to the intensive development of social networks, the intensity of exchange of short electronic text messages is constantly increasing, the tone of which can serve as a sensitive indicator of public mood and important social phenomena, interesting for sociologists, politicians, economists, and specialists in other fields. In this regard, the task of automating the processing of such natural language messages is of significant scientific and practical interest. The object of this study is the sentiment of user publications in the Twitter social network. Due to the great popularity of the social network itself and the large number of user messages, which are short in nature, it is possible to conveniently determine the mood of user posts and combine them into clusters according to the given parameters of the intelligent system. The subject of the study is methods and algorithms for analysing the sentiment of large arrays of messages containing the necessary keywords and relating to a certain specific topic, determining the factors and distributions of the sentiment of messages based on the input array of system data, dividing messages into main groups and providing estimates within certain defined limits in to each group, division into clusters according to the obtained search point and display of the obtained results in the desired format. The purpose of the work is to implement an intelligent system of sentiment analysis and clustering of publications based on a recurrent neural network of long short-term memory (LSTM) and the k-means clustering algorithm. The following main tasks are solved in the work: 1. To analyse the most used and newest algorithms, methods, approaches and means of implementing tasks of sentiment analysis and clustering of publications in social networks. 2. To develop a conceptual structure of an intellectual system of sentiment analysis and clustering of publications. 3. To form functional tasks for the key modules of the created intelligent system of sentiment analysis and clustering of publications in the Twitter social network. 4. Implement an intelligent system of sentiment analysis and clustering of publications based on a recurrent neural network and the k-means clustering algorithm and conduct experimental verification. Among the methods used for this purpose are the recurrent neural network of long short-term memory; k-means clustering algorithm. The following results were obtained: the general structure of the intellectual system of sentiment analysis and clustering of publications was analyzed, designed and built. The main task of creating the system, first of all, was to improve the recurrent neural network of long-short-term memory, which, thanks to the improved algorithm, significantly facilitates text processing by natural language processors according to text data of a certain size. Also, a special clustering algorithm, namely k-means, was used in parallel, thanks to which it was possible to change the general approach to clustering and the creation of final clusters, in accordance with the obtained results of the work of the recurrent neural network. Conclusions: As a result of applying a combination of LSTM neural network and k-means clustering algorithm, it was possible to speed up the process of sentiment analysis and clustering of posts in the Twitter social network by 10...15% compared to similar convolutional neural networks and hierarchical clustering.

Machine Impostors Can Avoid Human Detection and Interrupt the Formation of Stable Conventions by Imitating Past Interactions: A Minimal Turing Test.

Interactions between humans and bots are increasingly common online, prompting some legislators to pass laws that require bots to disclose their identity. The Turing test is a classic thought experiment testing humans' ability to distinguish a bot impostor from a real human from exchanging text messages. In the current study, we propose a minimal Turing test that avoids natural language, thus allowing us to study the foundations of human communication. In particular, we investigate the relative roles of conventions and reciprocal interaction in determining successful communication. Participants in our task could communicate only by moving an abstract shape in a 2D space. We asked participants to categorize their online social interaction as being with a human partner or a bot impostor. The main hypotheses were that access to the interaction history of a pair would make a bot impostor more deceptive and interrupt the formation of novel conventions between the human participants. Copying their previous interactions prevents humans from successfully communicating through repeating what already worked before. By comparing bots that imitate behavior from the same or a different dyad, we find that impostors are harder to detect when they copy the participants' own partners, leading to less conventional interactions. We also show that reciprocity is beneficial for communicative success when the bot impostor prevents conventionality. We conclude that machine impostors can avoid detection and interrupt the formation of stable conventions by imitating past interactions, and that both reciprocity and conventionality are adaptive strategies under the right circumstances. Our results provide new insights into the emergence of communication and suggest that online bots mining personal information, for example, on social media, might become indistinguishable from humans more easily.

More than just Reminders: Using text Messaging to Improve HIV care Outcomes Among Youth and Young Adults Living with HIV.

This study evaluated engagement, satisfaction, and efficacy of an automated and live two-way text messaging intervention that linked youth and young adults at high risk for poor HIV outcomes to their medical case managers, with the aims of increasing viral load suppression rates and improving medical visit attendance. Participants (N = 100) were an average age of 22-23 years old. Most were Black (93%) and men who have sex with men (82%). A total of 89,681 automated text messages were sent to participants; and 62% of participants engaged in monthly text-message exchanges with medical case managers. McNemar's test results indicated that a significantly greater proportion of intervention participants were virally suppressed at 6 and 12month follow-up than at enrollment. Adjusted odds ratio results showed a significant association between likelihood of achieving viral suppression at 6 and 12 months, and a greater number of participant responses to automated text messages. Future research should prospectively compare outcomes between usual care case management and usual care plus text-messaging to test for significant differences between groups.

Emoji Alter the Perception of Emotion in Affectively Neutral Text messages

Previous studies of emoji effects on text sentiment demonstrate mixed findings. Further, these studies are limited by confounds, e.g., underlying text sentiment, lack of ecological validity. We considered emoji effects on the emotional valence of affectively neutral English-language text messages. We additionally considered differences across US-American, British, and Danish participants. 217 participants considered screenshots of question-and-response text message exchanges with/without emoji, in a 4 (emoji type: no emoji, negative, neutral, positive) × 3 (nationality: American, British, Danish) mixed-factors design. Cumulative link mixed-effects models demonstrated that messages + negative emoji were rated more-negatively than any other emoji conditions. Responses + positive emoji were rated more-positively than any other emoji condition. Responses + neutral emoji and responses without emoji were perceived as equally emotive. There was no emoji type × nationality interaction, suggesting that emoji effects were consistent across participants. Findings are considered viz linguistic processing, social interactions, education, marketing, and public health interventions.

Characteristics of Cyber Sextortion in India: Content Analysis of Online Newspapers Published in 2019–2021

Introduction: Smartphones and Internet connection help people to stay connected to virtual social media where predators may disguise and obtain intimate text, audio, photographs, and video from the victim. These are then used to extort money, sexual act, or any other favors. Aim: We aimed to observe the characteristics of cyber sextortion in India in recent years (2019–2021). Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in February 2022. The cases of cyber sextortion reported in newspapers between 2019 and 2021 were considered for qualitative analysis. The cases were thematically analyzed by 2 authors individually and a consensus was reached for the finalization of the finding. Results: Social media and dating applications are used to lure the victims to exchange sexual text, intimate photo, or video. The contents are saved and used as a tool to extort money, sexual acts, or other favors. The males are commonly extorted for money but females are extorted for money and sexual acts. The victim may be called for a sexual act in a place and a group of extortionists may appear in the scene. Exchange of text messages or audio calls are also recorded for extortion. Personal intimate contents obtained from remote access of device or access through a third person or morphing videos are also used for sextortion. Conclusion: Social media engagement and a desire of exploring sexual relations with unknown persons expose the victims for sextortion. Storing and sharing intimate content should be avoided even when in trusted relations to minimize the risk.

Digital Parenting of Emerging Adults in the 21st Century.

In emerging adulthood, when many young people are away from their families for the first time, mobile phones become an important conduit for maintaining relationships with parents. Yet, objective assessment of the content and frequency of text messaging between emerging adults and their parents is lacking in much of the research to date. We collected two weeks of text messages exchanged between U.S. college students (N = 238) and their parents, which yielded nearly 30,000 parent-emerging adult text messages. We coded these text message exchanges for traditional features of parent-emerging adult communication indexing positive connection, monitoring and disclosures. Emerging adults texted more with mothers than with fathers and many messages constitute parental check-ins and emerging adult sharing regarding youth behavior and well-being. Findings highlight that both the frequency and content of parent-emerging adult text messages can be linked with positive (perceived text message support) and negative (perceived digital pressure) aspects of the parent-emerging adult relationship. The content of parent-emerging adult text messages offers a valuable, objective window into the nature of the parent-emerging adult relationships in the digital age of the 21st century.

Secure Peer Review and Feedback on Medical Findings via IHE XDS.

There is a lack of secure official communication channels for peer review and peer feedback on medical findings. We aimed to utilize the existing Austrian eHealth infrastructure to enable review and feedback processes. We extended the IHE XDW workflow document to enable the exchange of text messages (i.e., comments on documents or images) over an XDS infrastructure. The workflow enables the exchange of comments on specific sections of CDA documents or radiological images and was verified in an XDS test environment. The presented solution is a proof of concept and the potential basis for the specification of a new IHE workflow definition.

HIRO-NET: Heterogeneous Intelligent Robotic Network for Internet Sharing in Disaster Scenarios

This article describes HIRO-NET, an Heterogeneous Intelligent Robotic Network. HIRO-NET is an emergency infrastructure-less network that aims to address the problem of providing connectivity in the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster, where no cellular or wide area network is operational and no Internet access is available. HIRO-NET establishes a two-tier wireless mesh network where the Lower Tier connects nearby survivors in a self-organized mesh via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and the Upper Tier creates long-range VHF links between autonomous robots exploring the disaster-stricken area. HIRO-NET's main goal is to enable users in the disaster area to exchange text messages to share critical information and request help from first responders. The mesh network discovery problem is analyzed and a network protocol specifically designed to facilitate the exploration process is presented. We show how HIRO-NET robots successfully discover, bridge and interconnect local mesh networks. Results show that the Lower Tier always reaches network convergence and the Upper Tier can virtually extend HIRO-NET functionalities to the range of a small metropolitan area. In the event of an Internet connection still being available to some user, HIRO-NET is able to opportunistically share and provide access to low data-rate services (e.g., Twitter, Gmail) to the whole network. Results suggest that a temporary emergency network to cover a metropolitan area can be created in tens of minutes.

Older Adult Peer Support Specialists' Age-Related Contributions to an Integrated Medical and Psychiatric Self-Management Intervention: Qualitative Study of Text Message Exchanges.

BackgroundMiddle-aged and older adults with mental health conditions have a high likelihood of experiencing comorbid physical health conditions, premature nursing home admissions, and early death compared with the general population of adults aged 50 years or above. An emerging workforce of peer support specialists aged 50 years or above or “older adult peer support specialists” is increasingly using technology to deliver peer support services to address both the mental health and physical health needs of middle-aged and older adults with a diagnosis of a serious mental illness.ObjectiveThis exploratory qualitative study examined older adult peer support specialists’ text message exchanges with middle-aged and older adults with a diagnosis of a serious mental illness and their nonmanualized age-related contributions to a standardized integrated medical and psychiatric self-management intervention.MethodsOlder adult peer support specialists exchanged text messages with middle-aged and older adults with a diagnosis of a serious mental illness as part of a 12-week standardized integrated medical and psychiatric self-management smartphone intervention. Text message exchanges between older adult peer support specialists (n=3) and people with serious mental illnesses (n=8) were examined (mean age 68.8 years, SD 4.9 years). A total of 356 text messages were sent between older adult peer support specialists and service users with a diagnosis of a serious mental illness. Older adult peer support specialists sent text messages to older participants’ smartphones between 8 AM and 10 PM on weekdays and weekends.ResultsFive themes emerged from text message exchanges related to older adult peer support specialists’ age-related contributions to integrated self-management, including (1) using technology to simultaneously manage mental health and physical health issues; (2) realizing new coping skills in late life; (3) sharing roles as parents and grandparents; (4) wisdom; and (5) sharing lived experience of difficulties with normal age-related changes (emerging).ConclusionsOlder adult peer support specialists’ lived experience of aging successfully with a mental health challenge may offer an age-related form of peer support that may have implications for promoting successful aging in older adults with a serious mental illness.

S2NOW: Secure Social Network Ontology Using WhatsApp

Communicating and sharing the ideas and feelings between human beings form the basis of social network. With the advent of different social network tools and applications, the task of networking between people has reached to next level, crossing bridges and boundaries. However, is there a connection or linkage between the frequent and sometime just random exchange of text messages between people using social network-based tools and applications and also are these messages secure? Or are they vulnerable to threat and attacks? Literature survey shows that very little work has been done in this direction. With this intention, in the current research work, a real-time case study has been taken identifying the creation of the social network between a group of persons who frequently chat using the WhatsApp Messenger application based on their common hobbies, choices, and areas of interest and applying cryptographic techniques to ensure the security of data (chats). The proposed study uses the Caesar Cipher Cryptographic Technique and newly proposed Block Quadra Crypto Technique for encrypting the chats and showcases a comparison between the two techniques. The results are encouraging and exceed the expectation.

RECOGNITION OF TEXT PHRASES DISTORTED BY INTERFERENCE BY BACK PROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORK

The paper takes into consideration risk systems that can use not only in nuclear reactions but other plants with frequent risks for people's life, such as mining, and other. Such facilities apply information systems in which take place exchange text messages through free space. The main problem of information radio reception is an increasing number of emitting means that equal the increase of noise level receiving set. As an additional means of processing distorted textual information, it is proposed to use a neural network, which must be pre-configured. For analysis, the back propagation neural network was selected. The adjustment is carried out by an algorithm assuming a double differentiation of the error function, which ensures a high network convergence rate. Learning is stopped according to the total criterion for the deviation of the output signal from the reference. The paper formulates the conditions of quadratic convergence of the back propagation network with one new tuning procedure, and also offers examples of the construction of a neural network for recognizing a text message in various reception conditions. The fed to the neural network is sequence of the letters of English alphabet. A feature of the structure of the neural network that provides correct recognition is the use of completely nonlinear neurons. Comparison of options for the structure of the neural network when recognizing text phrases is carried out according to indicators of the probability of recognition, error, and training time. The established properties of the neural network are useful in the design of efficient information system.

ANTHROPOCENTRE OF COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION (based on English chat sessions)

The article deals with the pragmalinguistic research of English internet relay chat as a type of mass computer mediated communication in which disembodied distant interlocutors exchange text messages online. The main aim of this study is to identify the structural, formal and functional features of the English chat, which determines the corresponding research objectives: to describe chat-communication as the implementation of a phatic function in the language; to determine the specifics of its anthropocentre. Thus, the study focuses on one of the components of internet chat communication, namely, its anthropocentre. Chat communication is seen as polylogical interaction with different chatters initiating interaction technically on end. Our research found that phatic motivation and absence of face-to-face contact of chatters alongside with fast tempo of communication and short period of text product existence create its specific structural and language features. Chat communication is seen as a prototypical type of phatic computer mediated communication with the help of which chat users realize the playful behaviour impulse of communication, ambition to experience emotionally rich and carefree chatting. The research sample comprised chat logs that saw decency violation both in terms of topics discussed and modes of expression. Emotionally charged obscene vocabulary was vastly used in a number of chat logs, too. The research into the reasons of it showed that chatters resorted to obscene talk in order to get rid of emotional stress and psychological frustration. Chat discourse is largely composed of phatic and metacommunicative remarks where all chatters can enjoy the function of both the addresser and the addresee. A number of logs saw practically no exchange of factual information.

‘He can do whatever he wants’: a pregnant teens’ reflections on leisure and a romantic relationship

ABSTRACT Romantic relationships and leisure play significant roles in adolescents’ lives. However, heterosexual romantic relationships can negatively constrain women’s leisure, particularly with regard to ‘shared’ leisure among heterosexual couples impacted by pregnancy. While some attention has been given to the leisure experiences of pregnant girls, the constraining influence of romantic relationships compounded by pregnancy on a young girls’ leisure remains unexplored. Therefore, this exploratory study aimed to describe pregnant adolescents’ leisure within heterosexual relationships. Findings are presented as fictional blog passages and text message exchanges over the course of the composite, Opal’s pregnancy. This fictional representation describes how Opal’s leisure not only changed but diminished as a result of pregnancy, yet her boyfriend’s leisure remained nearly unchanged.

Lean on Me: Examining Enacted Support Messages Using an Emotion Regulation Framework

Despite evidence suggesting that enacted support messages contain emotion regulation strategies, this possibility has yet to be examined. This study provides a descriptive examination of enacted support messages using the process model of emotion regulation (Gross, 1998a, 1998b) as a guiding framework. Participants identified two separate text message exchanges in which they shared a positive and negative emotion with another person. The textual content was recorded and communication partners' responses were unitized and then coded for emotion regulation strategies. Results indicate the presence of nearly all emotion regulation strategies across emotion valence and roughly 20% of conversational units for negative emotion contained an emotion regulation strategy. Findings are discussed in light of the implications for the interpersonal emotion regulation and social support literatures, and a new framework for examining the process by which interpersonal communication influences emotion regulation processes is proposed.

Implementation of RSA Cryptography Algorithm in Language C in Exchange of Text Messages

The encryption approach is widely used in mobile applications where there is message exchange and in banking transactions or financial pointers tools. The present research has as a proposal to approach an algorithm developed in C language and based on the RSA encryption methodology using the symmetric and asymmetric key concepts in order to demonstrate its use in the exchange of messages where there is secrecy of information, thus the importance of information security, its use has obtained interesting results with the manipulation of large scale vectors where the number of characters is a factor the process of letter inversion for encryption and decryption.

On digital intimacy: redefining provider-patient relationships in remote monitoring.

Remote monitoring has often been thought to lead to a highly structured and standardised care process. Several studies have stressed that patient-provider communication could be hindered if mediated by technologies, leading to an impoverished relationship. We argue that while remote monitoring leads to a redefinition of the patient-provider relationship, it could also offer the opportunity to develop a more intimate acquaintance not possible via only routine visits. The study is part of a clinical trial aimed at assessing the acceptability of a remote monitoring platform for type 1 diabetes. Drawing on practice-based studies, we focused our analysis on the practice of text message exchange between patients and providers. The 396 conversations were coded with a template analysis, leading to the identification of two main categories: 'knowing the patient' and 'knowing about the patient'. The analysis reveals that the practice of messaging led to the development of a 'digital intimacy', a relationship characterised by a thorough familiarity made possible by electronic devices that extends to face-to-face encounters. Drawing on our case, we argue that remote monitoring can foster greater intimacy between patients and providers, which is made possible by the overall increase in the quantity and quality of communication between patients and providers.

Walkie-Talkies, Wandering, and Sonic Intimacy

Walkie-Talkies, Wandering, and Sonic Intimacy