Exchange Of Personnel Research Articles

PO-0648 Norwegian – Indian Collaboration Project To Improve Newborn Care

Background Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is cooperation between the Governments of Norway and India, and has a particular focus on improving newborn health by training health personnel. A former exchange program in Kolkata (2011–2013) reports reduction in neonatal mortality rate and improved newborn care. Aim This project aims to improve the care of sick and premature newborns, in line with international standards, in Rajasthan, India. The exchange of health personnel in north-south collaboration can reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality by improving basic neonatal nursing. Focus areas are KMC, nutrition and breastfeeding, developmental care, hygiene and pain management. The project intends to increase multicultural understanding within newborn health care. Method Exchange of 4 indian and 2 norwegian nurses/year for a 3 year period. Norwegian nurses will stay in JK Lone Hospital, Jaipur for 12 months and indian nurses in Oslo university hospital for 6 months. Focus for Norwegian nurses in Jaipur will be teaching doctors and nurses in evidence based newborn care through bedside training in the NICU. Interact with the indian team of doctors, nurses,and family of the sick newborn, in order to develop an understanding of the culture and society they are working in. Focus for Indian nurses in Oslo will be hands on bedside training in the NICU under surveillance of experienced personell. In depth knowledge of the focus areas. All participants are to convey their experience to their home partners after homecoming through teaching, demonstrations and reports. The goal is sustainable practice change according to evidence based care.

The benefits of multi-disciplinary research on intervertebral disc degeneration

Disorders arising from degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) that are associated with back pain are an enormous clinical and financial burden on European societies. Most of the burden arises from 10 % of patients who become chronically disabled. Any factor that will improve treatment of back pain sufferers or prevent development of chronic disability would have an important impact both on society and in improving the quality of life of patients. Improving diagnosis is the key. At present, around 80 % of back pain patients have no clear diagnosis. This results in arbitrary, sometimes ineffective, treatments—often surgical—that range widely from center to center. Further understanding of the aetiopathology of IVD degenerationrelated disorders is necessary for the development of objective diagnostic criteria, without which treatments and preventative measures cannot be targeted effectively. Better diagnosis would promote more rational application of present treatments and also lead to the development of new therapies. Addressing questions such as why some people with degenerated discs have pain but others do not, why discs degenerate so much earlier than other tissues, and whether or not it is possible to prevent discs degenerating, is a challenge that requires research at all levels, right from basic science through to clinical trials. Likewise, the solution to this problem will only arise from research that crosses many fields exhibiting a similar concept and common goal. Productive collaborations between scientists and surgeons, that engage patients in basic research and bring the laboratory bench nearer to the clinic, are the only way to improve understanding and treatment of such complex disorders. International, multi-center partnerships leading to long-lasting working relationships, exchange of personnel between laboratories, sharing of ideas and technology and transfer of expertise from one field to another, should be becoming the standard. Two EU-funded projects EURODISC and GENODISC have focused on back pain disorders associated with IVD degeneration (http://www.physiol.ox.ac.uk/eurodisc and http://www.physiol.ox.ac.uk/genodisc). The overall aim of both projects was to improve the quality of life of people with back pain. They were international, multi-disciplinary and involved co-operative associations between clinical personnel, spinal surgeons, industry and research scientists from Northern and Southern Europe. They investigated the interaction between ageing, genetics and life-style factors in the development of IVD degeneration. This supplement to the European Spine Journal publishes, exclusively, nine review articles by the scientists and clinicians involved in the EURODISC and GENODISC projects. Although numerous, standard reviews of intervertebral disc degeneration already exist, this special issue is drawn from different disciplines and collaborating experts who give it a fresh approach. The articles look at new ways forward in improving diagnosis, identifying pathways for prevention and enhancing the possibility of repair. Initially, a section on ‘Clinical Presentations’ focuses firstly, on the importance of phenotype and the challenges of defining them for genetic studies of disc degenerationlinked pathologies, and secondly, on advances in the diagnosis of disc disorders, types of imaging and how diagnostic methods relate to disc tissue quality and H.-J. Wilke (&) Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany e-mail: hans-joachim.wilke@uni-ulm.de

From Transformation to Transfer The Transformation of the East German Academic System 1989/90-1995

The transformation of the East German academic system in the wake of the unexpected collapse of communism in autumn 1989 can be roughly divided into three stages: In a “romantic” phase during the last year of the GDR, academic freedom and free access to university were re-established. In a second phase (1990-1992), external political actors initiated an extensive exchange of academic personnel. Finally, the third phase (1990-1995) consisted in a simultaneous transfer of West German academic structures and personnel to East German universities. The result was the integration of East German higher education institutions into the West German academic system without many of their academics. Excluded from the university, a few middle-aged East German scholars established an active parallel scholarly structure and thereby created what could be considered as the only institutional innovation during the transformation process. But due to the obvious need for reforms of the adopted West German academic system, the end of the transfer process to East Germany in 1995 did not mean a return to routine. The transfer process was only a prelude to further reforms like New Public Management and finally the Bologna Process, but these reforms showed no traces of the vanished communist academic system. This article reconstructs this unique transformation process following its structural, personal and cognitive dimensions.

Skilled flows and selectivity of Chinese scientists at global leading universities between 1998 and 2006

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to closely examine the flows and selectivity of a scientific brain drain from China against the background of global talent competition.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is derived from an empirical study, which randomly surveyed 451 Chinese scientists at leading global universities. Based on their biographical information, descriptive analysis and logistic regression not only demonstrates migration patterns of Chinese scientists, but also reveals their demographic profiles between 1998 and 2006.Findings – The findings of this study show that the scientific community in China experienced increasing personnel exchange with the English academia during the observation period. Emigrant scientists from China were selected positively in terms of educational background, and the pattern seemed to turn stronger over time. By contrast, returnee scientists were selected negatively from those who studied abroad. The predominant mode of migration was both an ongoing brain ...

The Coevolution of Industries and Important Features of Their Environments

As the rate of innovation increases, organizational environments are becoming faster and more complex, posing greater challenges for organizations to adapt. This study argues that the concept of coevolution offers a bridge between the prescient adaptationist and ex post selectionist perspectives of organizational change to account for the increasing rates of change. The mutual causal influences in a coevolutionary relationship help explain why competing sets of firms or individual firms can capture dominant shares in product markets. Using a comparative historical method and drawing on evidence from five countries over a 60-year period, this paper inquires how precisely coevolutionary processes work in shaping the evolution of industries and important features of their environments. It identifies—in the context of the synthetic dye industry—three causal mechanisms (exchange of personnel, commercial ties, and lobbying) and suggests how they acted as levers on the fundamental mechanisms of evolution. Understanding the levers is important for managing change in a world that is increasingly becoming coevolutionary, requiring managers to focus more on the emergent, system-level properties of their environments.

Indian Women Activists and Transnational Feminism over the Twentieth Century

Since 1975, the global feminist community has developed sites for networking clustered around the United Nations' calendar. These meetings and their discourses have had a major impact on women's movements around the world. The Indian women's movement has engaged in transnational dialogue for the past century. This article looks at the history of transnational engagement by Indian feminists and argues that its most recent avatar—in tandem with the UN world conferences on women—has been the least constructive. Early engagement was primarily focused on an exchange of ideas and personnel. The current engagement is shaped by financial dependency which has skewed the priorities of the Indian women's movement. Violence against women was an issue raised in 1993 in Vienna and became the central focus of activism in India despite the desire by many activists to focus on economic policies.

Canada's Voluntary Sector Initiative and Sub-National Voluntary Sector-Government Relations: A Third Wave

AbstractFollowing a dismal and antagonistic relationship that coincided with three years of deep and sustained cuts to the voluntary sector in the mid 1990s, voluntary sector-federal government relations in Canada finally began to thaw. A number of high level joint meetings between the federal government and voluntary sector leaders in 1999 led to the announcement in June, 2000 of a joint initiative to “renew and strengthen their long-standing relationship”. This five-year $94.6 million investment entitled the Voluntary Sector Initiative (VSI) included the signing of a Voluntary Sector Accord; personnel exchange programs; policy engagement projects; two major national surveys; a national volunteerism initiative; and numerous capacity building projects.The VSI program ended in 2005 with a change in the governing Liberal party leadership and the subsequent election of a minority Conservative government. Drawing on John Kingdon’s multiple streams framework, this article takes a broad analysis of problems, policies, and political processes across multiple provinces to examine if the VSI may have influenced a third wave of sub-national level policy initiatives. While contextual differences at a provincial level clearly influence the status, structure, and scope of sub-national voluntary sector-government relations, it appears the VSI did contribute in a number of ways to these sub-national initiatives.

교과교실형 운영 중등학교 홈베이스 운영실태 및 이용행태 분석

This study is carried out to understand spacial characteristics, actual condition and behavior of use about homebase managed in variation type. Observation about moving line of students and questionnaire were tried to satisfy this purpose. As a result, classroom used as variation type for long time stay and homebase outside the classroom for short time stay were paralled managed in most schools. Density of school furniture in homebase of observed schools was about 36-37%, occupying area of each student was about <TEX>$0.3-0.6m^2$</TEX>. It was relatively low with the results of 45-54% and <TEX>$0.94-1.15m^2$</TEX> observed in Japan schools, respectively. By the analysis about behavior of use through cross section of observation, the difference of staying time and personnel exchange between the students was higher at the school having homebase composed with various corners more than the school used it only as a locker room.

Trust in buyer‐supplier relationships

PurposeDespite the extensive body of research on the relationship between trust and performance in a supply chain environment, the concepts and the relationship between them has not been fully understood. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model that links the antecedents of trust, trust itself and firm outcome success.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was conducted to gather the data for this study. Statistical analysis included factor analysis with reliability and validity tests, and partial least square of structural equation modeling.FindingsThe data suggest that trust is built principally through supplier centric traditional performance metrics such as delivery reliability and product quality conformance. However, contrary to the extant literature, the people oriented trust enablers (e.g. personnel exchange, interpersonal contacts) have no bearing on the establishment of trust.Research limitations/implicationsThe research limitation is the relatively small sample size. However, this study can be perceived as a directional one for further research.Practical implicationsThe results can be used by the managers to improve their understanding on the relationship with other parties in the supply chain.Originality/valueThe significant value of this research can be retained by buying firm managers. The results are particularly important for them to improve their understanding in how they allocate time and resources in managing their supply chains and partner firms.

Towards International Cooperation and Capacity Building between Space Agencies: A Case of GISTDA and NSPO

Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA) firmly believes in the synergy of international cooperation and capacity building and is always on a quest to build global knowledge partners. Keeping in mind the growing trend of international cooperation, GISTDA and the National Space Organization (NSPO) of Taiwan will enter into a cooperation agreement that will develop space system engineering in Thailand. The cooperation aims to promote technical activities, human resources development as well as infrastructure development in both countries. Several cooperative activities had already been initiated according to the work plan and an In-flight Systems Engineering Technical Assistance (SETA) has also been drawn up and agreed upon by both the agencies. The SETA encompasses the area of satellite operation, satellite and ground maintenance, anomaly handling, instrument calibration and satellite life extension assessment. The execution procedure and budget planning has been taken into consideration and the allotment of resources, both time and money, are planned for. GISTDA has also proposed the timeframe for personnel exchanges and training program to NSPO and the work plan will be put into action as soon as the areas are mutually agreed upon. The paper shall discuss the entire project plans divided into phases with major concentration on the e-aspect of the cooperation. Online training, remote system management and satellite data transfer over the Research and Education Network (REN) for emergency and educational purposes are but a few of the strategic areas covered in this cooperation. Mutual cooperation between the two agencies will help facilitate mission-critical agendas with no visible shortcoming. The paper shall also set precedent for future cooperation between international agencies and discuss how cost saving is achieved with the application of communication technologies.

Attempt of making questionnaire about the student life using the personnel exchange between Colleges of Technology

Attempt of making questionnaire about the student life using the personnel exchange between Colleges of Technology

Pediatric drug development: unmet medical needs and opportunities for collaboration between industry, academia and the US FDA

The needs and advances in pediatric drug development have burgeoned since Shirkey initially referred to children as ‘therapeutic orphans’ [1]. Owing to requirements and incentives to investigate and develop therapeutic classes of molecules in children, drug development involving pediatric patients has risen steadily. The requirements are the result of the Pediatric Research Equity Act and the incentives are from the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act, two pieces of legislation that are set to expire in 2012 [101]. Pediatric Research Equity Act and Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act have resulted in a total of 335 written requests issued (1998–July 2011), 323 marketing applications approved with postmarketing requirements (through May 2011) and 415 labels changed (1998–July 2011). From a global development perspective, ongoing collaborations between the US FDA and the other regulatory agencies, including the European Medicines Agency, facilitate these advances in pediatric product development. The significant role of personnel exchanges (short-term), working groups between both agencies, European Medicines Agency Non-clinical and Formulations Working Groups and expert meetings and workshops (including FDA representatives) and WHO initiatives, are helping to facilitate critical involvement and participation. Other collaborative networks between global regulatory partners include the Pediatric Regulators Network and Essential Medicines for Children Activities, Japan’s Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Agency as observers in the FDA’s and European Medicines Agency’s pediatric collaboration and the FDA and NIH collaboration to develop a publicly available framework on pediatric formulations. One important area for further development is the understanding of biomarkers and surrogate markers and their applications to pediatric clinical trials and drug development. The lack of appropriate parameters for pediatric clinical trials in children with gastrointestinal disease has resulted in the lack of appropriate end point identification and delays in pediatric product development. This is an area that would benefit from earlier attention in the overall development process. A renewed commitment to identify appropriate drug candidates and plan a process for approval for children is needed. Of the total products studied and labeled under US pediatric legislation, drugs with pediatric gastroenterology labeling account for only 8.6% (n = 11). Drug classes studied included treatment of hyper cholesterolemia, inflammatory bowel disease, vomiting, obesity and hepatitis B and C and acid blockade

Integrated infrastructure initiatives for material testing reactor innovations

The key goal of the European FP6 project MTR+I3 was to build a durable cooperation between Material Testing Reactor (MTR) operators and relevant laboratories that can maintain European leadership with updated capabilities and competences regarding reactor performances and irradiation technology. The MTR+I3 consortium was composed of 18 partners with a high level of expertise in irradiation-related services for all types of nuclear plants. This project covered activities that foster integration of the MTR community involved in designing, fabricating and operating irradiation devices through information exchange, know-how cross-fertilization, exchanges of interdisciplinary personnel, structuring of key-technology suppliers and professional training. The network produced best practice guidelines for selected irradiation activities. This project allowed to launch or to improve technical studies in various domains dealing with irradiation test device technology, experimental loop designs and instrumentation. Major results are illustrated in this paper. These concern in particular: on-line fuel power determination, neutron screen optimization, simulation of transmutation process, power transient systems, water chemistry and stress corrosion cracking, fission gas measurement, irradiation behaviour of electronic modules, mechanical loading under irradiation, high temperature gas loop technology, heavy liquid metal loop development and safety test instrumentation. One of the major benefits of this project is that, starting from a situation of fragmented resources in a strongly competitive sector, it has created a framework opening the way to further collaboration between the involved partners regarding the development and utilization of irradiation devices. In addition, the courses developed in the different institutes within the framework of professional training can continue after the end of the project.

The Coevolution of Industries and Important Features of Their Environments

As the rate of innovation increases, organizational environments are becoming faster and more complex, posing greater challenges for organizations to adapt. This study argues that the concept of coevolution offers a bridge between the prescient adaptationist and ex-post selectionist perspectives of organizational change to account for the increasing rates of change. The mutual causal influences in a coevolutionary relationship help explain why competing sets of firms or individual firms can capture dominant shares in product markets. Using a comparative historical method and drawing on evidence from five countries over a 60-year period, this paper inquires how precisely coevolutionary processes work in shaping the evolution of industries and important features of their environments. It identifies - in the context of the synthetic dye industry - three causal mechanisms (exchange of personnel, commercial ties, and lobbying) and suggests how they acted as levers on the fundamental mechanisms of evolution. Understanding the levers is important for managing change in a world that is increasingly becoming coevolutionary, requiring managers to focus more on the emergent, system level properties of their environments.

러시아 연방법령 고찰을 통한 경호총국 소개

러시아 경호총국은 2004년 8월 7일 러시아연방 대통령령 No. 1013에 의해 해당 조직의 편성 및 지위를 체계적으로 구성하였다. 또한 경호총국 산하 특수통신 및 정보국의 창설과 경호총국 아카데미 신설을 통해 조직의 정보력과 교육훈련의 강화하고 있다. 또한 2005년 말 경호총국 역사상 처음으로 인터넷 홈페이지를 구축한 점과 최근 들어 잦은 언론자료 배포로 어둠속에 숨겨진 비밀조직에서 국가운영의 한 축을 담당하는 기관으로서 자신을 드러내고자 노력하고 있다. 이의 일환으로 러시아 경호총국은 2004년과 2005년에 대한민국 경호처와 대표단 교환을 통해 상호 이해의 폭을 넓히고자 노력하고 있다. 따라서 본 글에서는 전 세계적 변화에 대응하고자 노력하는 러시아 경호총국의 역사와 그 구조, 법적지위 등을 관련 법령을 중심으로 살펴보고, 나아가 이러한 모델이 우리나라의 공경호의 발전을 위해 적용가능한가를 살펴보도록 하겠다. The organization and position of FSO was systematically established under the Presidential Decree No. 1013 on 7 August 2004. Furthermore, the FSO has established a signal department, an intelligence department and an academy to enhance intelligence an training capabilities. The FSO has been striving to unveil itself from a clandestine agency into a pivotal organization through the use of media and its website. It is in part that FSO has tried to deepen the understanding between PSS through personnel exchange in 2004~2005 Therefore, this study will examine the history, organization and legal position focusing on the related laws of FSO, an organization trying to adjust to the global change, and study whether this model may be applied for the development of public security in Korea.

Binding or Loosing in Australasia: Some Trans-Tasman Protestant Connections

In the context of recent moves to develop a shared history of Australia and New Zealand (Australasia), this paper identifies a religious dimension in the re-emerging shared history that is connected with other dimensions of the relationship. Building on this recent work, it uncovers the interconnectedness of Presbyterians, Methodists, Congregationalists and Baptists on opposite sides of the Tasman and finds some strength and consistency in the connections over the last 150 years. Starting with an examination of the denominations' attempts at institutional connection and cooperation, the paper moves onto an analysis of the exchange of personnel and ideas between them. It will also argue that these “religious” links strongly imply the existence of substantial “secular” links at both institutional and grass-roots levels. Finally, other areas for future research into trans-Tasman Christian linkages are briefly proposed and introduced.

Similarity Attracts: An Analysis of Recruitment Decisions in Academia

The finding and the recruiting of scientists have been a long-standing issue in higher education. Due to the dearth of reliable evidence on scholarly potential at an early stage of a scientist’s career, the hiring department often has to look for alternative assessment criteria. Drawing on the similarity-attraction theory, it is hypothesized that decision makers in academia tend to prefer candidates whose demographic backgrounds are similar to their own. By examining personnel exchange between German departments of business administration, recruitment patterns are visualized and examined on the basis of the similarity-attraction paradigm. Poisson regression analysis indicates that similarity and geographical proximity help to explain recruitment processes among German departments of business administration.

Implementation of Container Security in Northern America Area

After 11th September 2001, the United States of America remains the primary target of terrorist groups. An era of perpetual conflict has emerged. Like fighting crime (economically motivated violence), governments have to develop some organizations to take measures against terrorism (politically motivated violence) every day. With the dawn of the age of networked terrorism, regional governments, terminals & carriers have to develop integrated system with common databases, engage in the exchange of personnel, joint training and operations, resources, expertise and sharing experience. They do have no alternative but to allocate more resources on implementing security measures and recruiting qualified staff. How to meet the challenge of security with lower cost is the goal which all carriers’ intend to achieve. Hammering out the integrated system with comprehensive functions under unique platform from booking to delivering of goods may reduce operation costs and improve the service quality. This paper aims to provide solutions to the carriers which shall meet the requirements of relevant security laws and regulations.

Fishing for Meaning: The Significance of Net Weights, Fishhooks and Netting Needles in Mortuary Contexts at Tell el-‘Ajjul

Many of the items found in funerary assemblages can be understood as objects employed in the performance of funerary ritual or as luxury products reflecting the social status of the deceased. Other utilitarian items seem to fall outside these spheres, and while they may be indicative of former lifestyle or profession, they may also hold symbolic significance. This paper presents one such group, a range of fishing-related items from tombs at Tell el-‘Ajjul in the Southern Levant. Confined to a small number of burials dating to the Late Bronze Age, associations with Egyptian-style material and links to objects and practices back in Egypt suggest that this phenomenon may be related to growing Egyptianization of local elites in the Gaza region or even more direct forms of personnel exchange.

:Japanese and Chinese Immigrant Activists: Organizing in American and International Communist Movements, 1919–1933

The involvement of Chinese and Japanese immigrant activists in the communist movement in the United States during the early twentieth century has largely been neglected in the historiography of Asian America and the international communist movement. When they do mention these events, scholars tend to examine them in the context of the homelands of the immigrant activists rather than treating them as part of U.S. history. Given this historiographical vacuum, Josephine Fowler's work may be considered the earliest book-length scholarly text that supplies readers with much-needed information on the radical activities of Chinese and Japanese expatriates in the United States. Fowler uses an impressive global perspective to examine Asian immigrants' participation in the communist movement. The activities of the Chinese and Japanese leftists in the United States were often the result of multilateral and transnational relationships: relationships between the Soviet Union and East Asian countries, those between Moscow and Asian immigrant activists in America, and those between the Asian émigrés and their homelands. These transnational connections entailed frequent exchanges of personnel and ideas. Although the multilateral relationships were supposed to be mutual and reciprocal, the revolutionary initiative often came from the Soviet Union, the red capital. Based on V. I. Lenin's theory that communist revolutions could succeed in capitalist countries only when the people in the colonies rose to overthrow Western imperialism, the Communist International (Comintern) assumed the task of training communist and nationalist cadres from China, Japan, and other countries. These cadres, after receiving a Marxist-Leninist education in the Soviet Union, would return to their homelands or to the United States to lead the revolutionary movements there. Communications between the Asian immigrants in the United States and their motherlands occupy a conspicuous position in the book. Socialism among the Japanese expatriates, as Fowler tells us, actually was rooted in the labor and socialist movements in their home country at the turn of the twentieth century. Returning immigrants also carried ideas about the labor movement back to Japan. While it was for the sake of improving their livelihood at home that the Chinese migrated to North America, the urgent desire to rid China of imperialist influences was the principal impetus for Chinese activists in the United States.