Exchange Format Research Articles

IFC-based linking of the risk management process using a building data model

A vital element in working with BIM are standardised exchange formats that enable the exchange of information from digital building models between different software solutions and project participants. In this context, the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) defined in DIN EN ISO 16739 represent a central standard for implementing the open exchange of information. Although approaches for integrating risk management are already available in IFC, they do not sufficiently reflect the needs of the construction industry. In order to increase project quality through risk management and the universal application of the Building Information Modelling (BIM) method, it is essential to map the generally valid information on the risk management process in IFC. The following article thus presents starting points for the further integration of risk management in IFC. The aim is to link all relevant risk information in a digital building model through an analysis and the development of an approach.

An Approach for Securing JSON Objects through Chaotic Synchronization

Abstract Nowadays the interoperability of web applications is carried out by the use of data exchange formats such as XML and JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). Due to its simplicity, JSON objects are the most common way for sending information over the HTTP protocol. With the aim of adding a security mechanism to JSON objects, in this work we propose an encryption approach for cipher JSON objects through the use of chaotic synchronization. Synchronization ability between two chaotic systems offers the possibility of securing information between two points. Our approach includes mechanisms for diffusing and confusing JSON objects (plaintext), which yields a proper ciphertext. Our approach can be applied as an alternative to the existing securing JSON approaches such as JSON Web Encryption (JWE).

How ontology can be used to achieve semantic interoperability in healthcare

Abstract Semantic interoperability allows machines to share, interpret and use data without ambiguity. Semantic Interoperability is a major concern in healthcare (c.f. the EU commission 2021 report on electronic record exchange formats). The lack of interoperability with regard to electronic health record (EHR) leads to fragmentation and a lower quality of cross-institution and cross-border healthcare. The simple choice of an interchange language (HL7, FIHR etc.)is not sufficient to ensure interoperability. Healthcare interoperability is associated with multi-level and multi-sectoral complexity, and this cannot be addressed without consideration of a range of people and needs, from application design to knowledge sharing. Each transaction needs to be defined in unambiguous details as part of a complete, consistent, coherent, and machine-readable set of specifications for interoperability between the machines to minimize any potential error. We propose a systematic process to achieve healthcare interoperability, working with healthcare professionals starting from design level to implementation level. In our seminar we will explain with examples how ontology can be used to achieve semantic interoperability in healthcare. Technical requirements, including the choice of tools (e.g. Protégé); data base (e.g. GraphDB); data model (i.e. Web Ontology Language 2 (OWL2); formal specification (i.e. Description logics (DL)); and the right syntax (RDF/XML). Will be introduced.

The development of new Electronic Health Record Exchange Format Use Cases - an evaluating perspective

Abstract The EU-funded X-eHealth project aims to lay the foundations for a common framework for medical imaging, discharge letters, laboratory results and rare diseases to advance an interoperable Common European Health Data Space for citizens and healthcare providers in accordance with privacy and cybersecurity regulations. To ensure sustainability of the project, it is crucial to assess whether X-eHealth is achieving its planned objectives and delivers tangible results. A key challenge in evaluating project outcomes lies in the partial lack of visibility of direct impacts due to a time lag of effects or attribution problems (i.e., identifying the main cause of a particular impact). In X-eHealth, we address this problem by defining a framework of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) that allows the monitoring of project outcomes. In addition, qualitative interviews with a focus on the following questions are conducted towards the end of the project to complement the evaluation: • Does X-eHealth advance the integration process of eHealth services in Europe? • Will X-eHealth lead to increased use of the new European Electronic Health Record Exchange Format (EEHRxF) specifications? Although final results are not yet available, we expect X-eHealth to have a positive impact at all stakeholder levels by accelerating the implementation of EEHRxF through the harmonisation of health data, thus providing patients, health professionals and institutions with increased quality, safety and efficiency. There is little evidence to analyse the impact of eHealth policy interventions. For this reason, the present evaluation makes a significant contribution to impact research in this area. X-eHealth highlights the importance of international cooperation in creating a common framework for the future development of digital health in the EU. The continuous evaluation, moreover, facilitates a more efficient management of resources through KPI observance and the implementation of project results. Key messages • X-eHealth aims to accelerate the implementation of the European eHealth Record exchange Format (EEHRxF) through the standardisation and harmonisation of health data. • By evaluating and monitoring the project processes, it is possible to ensure the progress of the project and to measure the potential impacts of the outcomes on stakeholders and other target groups.

Enhancing RDM in Galaxy by integrating RO-Crate

Enhancing RDM in Galaxy by integrating RO-Crate

FAIR Digital Objects in Official Statistics

FAIR Digital Objects in Official Statistics

An iterative reference mapping approach for BIM IFCXML classified content compression

Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and Industry Foundation Classes XML (IFCXML) are widely accepted data frameworks and formats for information storage and exchange among building information models (BIM). IFCXML are comprehensive and compatible with the major BIM platforms; however, many studies suggest their complex structure often results in redundancy and inflexibility. Researchers have proposed various IFC compression methods to reduce file size and restructure data organization, such as partial model extraction, Solibri IFC Optimizer, and ACC4IFC. However, simplification often results in missing information or data leakage, and there has never been a compressor specific to IFCXML. To overcome these issues, this study proposed a conservative compression method that removes duplicated information while maintaining the data structure of IFCXML through an iterative reference mapping method. Based on the data structure and geometry of IFCXML, the algorithm identified three kinds of duplicate information: independent entity duplication (IED), cross-reference entity duplication (CED), and property-set entity duplication (PED). To validate the proposed compressing method, this study conducted a validation test on six typical BIM models and benchmarked with other existing compressors (Solibri IFC Optimizer and ACC4IFC). The outcomes suggested that the proposed model could compress IFCXML files by 18%-59% without losing information.

New edition of the Guida al sistema italiano di indicizzazione per soggetto

This contribution reproduces the text of the speech that was held in the framework of the presentation of the second edition of the volume Nuovo soggettario. Guida al sistema italiano di indicizzazione per soggetto, that took place in Florence on June 7th, 2022. As happened in these years with the subject indexing tools of important national libraries, the National Central Library of Florence, too, has updated the Nuovo soggettario, that saw the light in 2007, today employed by the Italian National Bibliography (BNI) and by most libraries of the National Library System (SBN). The intervention recalls the context factors that led to the project and to the elaboration of the second edition of the Guida, fully revised and updated: the evolution of the international scene related to indexing (new standards, new conceptual models), the semantic web and the linked open data; the development of the Nuovo soggettario system as a whole (increase of terminology, connections with equivalents in other languages, with resources of archives and museums, availability of the Thesaurus in exchange formats and standard protocols, etc.). The second edition’s novelties are then illustrated: a better organized exposure of the standards, more functional to their use, a totally new first part dedicated to the principles and to the general aspects of the indexing, the confrontation with IFLA LRM, the references to the indexing of non-bibliographical resources (figurative works, photographs) of ancient works, etc. Finally, it ends by stressing the importance that the cooperation with other partner institutions and with ICCU has had in this work, and shall continue to have in the future, for a greater and greater sharing of the semantic data on behalf of the Italian libraries.

Verification Witnesses

Over the last years, witness-based validation of verification results has become an established practice in software verification: An independent validator re-establishes verification results of a software verifier using verification witnesses, which are stored in a standardized exchange format. In addition to validation, such exchangable information about proofs and alarms found by a verifier can be shared across verification tools, and users can apply independent third-party tools to visualize and explore witnesses to help them comprehend the causes of bugs or the reasons why a given program is correct. To achieve the goal of making verification results more accessible to engineers, it is necessary to consider witnesses as first-class exchangeable objects, stored independently from the source code and checked independently from the verifier that produced them, respecting the important principle of separation of concerns. We present the conceptual principles of verification witnesses, give a description of how to use them, provide a technical specification of the exchange format for witnesses, and perform an extensive experimental study on the application of witness-based result validation, using the validators CPAchecker , UAutomizer , CPA-witness2test , and FShell-witness2test .

Development of GNSS software for Ghana Survey and Mapping Division

Processing of Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) data forms the basis for the usage of differential systems for obtaining spatial data. All open sources or commercial software packages developed for data processing give specific details to suit the intended purpose of the software. To obtain a uniform format for submitted survey data, Survey and Mapping Division (SMD) in various jurisdictions have specified formats for data submission for all kinds of surveys. In this regard, “GNSS Ghana” Software (GGS), a GNSS standalone Windows-based application with a modern user-friendly interface was developed for geodetic applications such as, projection and datum transformation worldwide, GNSS data post-processing of Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) files, and generating reports to meet Ghana SMD reporting standards including cadastral computations and reports for submission. To assess the developed software, GNSS data from two International GNSS Service (IGS) stations (BJCO and YKRO) were processed using GGS and three other commercial software such as GNSS Solution Software (GSS), Spectrum Survey Software (SSS), and Leica Geo Office (LGO), and the positional results compared against the existing coordinate. The results revealed that the GGS outperformed the remaining three commercial software packages with a sub-meter level of accuracy. Further assessment was conducted on datum transformation using the coordinates of 21 existing geodetic control points in Ghana. Utilizing the 7-transformation parameters of Ghana, the results gave uncertainties of [0.10ft. ± 0.99ft.] in the eastings and [0.02ft. ± 1.61ft.] in the northings with a 99% confidence level.

Digitalization of Health Data: Interoperability of the Proposed European Health Data Space.

On May 3rd, 2022, the European Commission published its legislative proposal to create a European Health Data Space (EHDS) enabling citizens of the European Union to gain secure access to their electronic health data by establishing a market for digital health. This market will feature the primary and secondary use of electronic health records by digital products and services. The articles of the proposal address many aspects of ensuring health data interoperability. That includes the creation of a European Electronic Health Record Exchange Format for defined data categories including patient summaries and electronic prescriptions, the development of a central platform to provide a cross-border digital infrastructure and that each Member State institutes a digital health authority and a national point of contact. In addition, the Commission will define common specifications that electronic health record systems and medical devices will have to meet as interoperability requirements. In its current form, the proposal does not stipulate specific standards that need to be universally adopted to ensure semantic and syntactical interoperability. Considering that many datasets are not internationally harmonized and lack standardization, these specifications will need to be provided for example by existing standards like the International Patient Summary.

VTEC observations of intense geomagnetic storms above Nepal: comparison with satellite data, CODE and IGSG models

In this article, we analyze vertical total electron content (VTEC) over Nepal for 4 periods: March 14–25, 2015, June 18–29, 2015, May 24–June 4, 2017, and September 3–14, 2017. In each period, there are quiet geomagnetic days and intense geomagnetic stormy days. The VTEC observed during these periods has observed both positive and negative ionospheric storms. We compared VTEC Receiver-Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) observations with the Global Ionospheric Map (GIM), Centre for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE), and IGS working group (IGSG). We found in RINEX observation of the VTEC a noon bite out profile with predominance of morning and afternoon peaks and a nighttime peak, but this was not noticeable clearly with CODE and IGSG models. The comparison between RINEX TEC, CODE, and IGSG models shows that the GIM model does not estimate RINEX VTEC over Nepal. The disagreement between VTEC CODE/IGSG and VTEC RINEX is important during geomagnetically quiet periods, while there is good agreement between VTEC CODE/IGSG and VTEC RINEX during strong geomagnetic storms. We also find a greater disagreement between the models and the data at the equinoxes when the VTEC is larger. It is, therefore, necessary to introduce data from Nepal stations into the models CODE and IGSG in order to improve them.

ManIAS: A community-driven data model and data exchange format for the management of invasive alien species and wildlife

Invasive alien species (IAS) are recognised as one of the major threats to biodiversity. The European Union (EU) Regulation 1143/2014 on the prevention of introduction and spread of invasive alien species imposes an obligation on Member States to develop management responses against a list of IAS of Union Concern and requires reporting on those interventions. However, the actors involved in IAS management are typically diverse and include authorities, managers, businesses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Reporting on management actions, if performed at all, is often crude and does not capture essential information. Data on management are heterogeneous both in quality and format as well as what information is captured. They are recorded using a plethora of tools, are managed in data silos and not openly available. Here, we propose a community-driven data model and data exchange format for IAS and wildlife management data, called manIAS (management of Invasive Alien Species, Fig. 1). This was drafted in two consecutive workshops (Oldoni et al. 2022), building on the experience of the managerial community, combined with the existing european network of wildlife professionals (ENETWILD) standard (Body et al. 2020) for management reporting in the framework of animal health. We feel the development of such a data model is necessary and can bring multiple benefits within and outside the IAS management community. First, the data model can create awareness with data providers and project managers on the minimum quality standards for reporting on IAS management such as the target species, the management objective, the methods used, the effort spent, the results of the action and any encountered non-target effects. Second, the data exchange format will allow for easy aggregation of management data across taxa, regions, management actors and projects. Such exchanges of data on management, for example through visualisations, are necessary for running coordinated management programmes. Thirdly, it will ease the reporting on management for the EU IAS Regulation since authorities will have to spend less time in collecting and standardizing data from different actors. Lastly, the standardisation will allow more straightforward analysis of the effectiveness of management methods and the efficiency of control programmes.

Reasoning and tracing of information security events in the expressway networking system based on deep learning

To accurately detect and identify whether there are abnormalities in the information of the expressway networking system, an information security event reasoning and traceability method based on deep learning is proposed to build a data security protection system that includes the data life periodicity of the expressway networking system. In this system, the information security event model based on intrusion detection message exchange format is established. The model uses the information risk event reasoning method based on a deep convolution neural network to infer the risk event during data sharing of the expressway networking system, reorganize and standardize the risk event information according to the format of the information security event standardization model, and store it in the risk event database in the form of Extensible Markup Language data document. The information risk event traceability method based on the electronic fingerprint takes all risk events in the database as the target. After designing the electronic fingerprint of risk events, the original network attack tree is constructed to realize risk event traceability combined with fingerprint information. Testing indicates that the reasoning and traceability results of this method to the information security events of the expressway networking system are consistent with those in reality and our method has good usability.

Compatibility Improvement of Interrelated Items in Exchange Files—A General Method for Supporting the Data Integrity of Digital Twins

Stakeholders in the industry are increasingly using digital twins to take advantage of continuous digitization. The widely used methods for transferring partial models of digital twins within various heterogeneous systems rely on standardized, neutral file-based exchange. However, using differently implemented routines in the pre- and postprocessors of the systems engaged during data transmission leads to compatibility problems. Complete information transfer is not guaranteed, although potentially all information is available in the individual exchange file. To utilize the full potential of digital twins, this paper presents a method for directly adapting the content stored in an exchange file to systematically achieve compatibility. In the first step, we define a general structure to specify interrelated, nonconforming objects that are stored in the exchange file. We present five conditions that specify a compatibility problem in the following steps. On this basis, the applicant can solve various exchange problems for the indicated scenario in the third step. After explaining the approach in general terms, we demonstrate its generality by discussing two diverging use cases based on the exchange formats STEP and INP. We implemented the method in software terms, and the implementation indicates that this method can fix compatibility problems in an automated way.

Organizing and Maintaining a Taxonomic Expert Network: Lessons from the Caryophyllales TEN

The Caryophyllales TEN is one of the Taxonomic Expert Networks for the World Flora Online (WFO, worldfloraonline.org). It was initiated in 2011 with the aim to create a global taxonomic synthesys of the angiosperm order Caryophyllales (about 6% of the angiosperm species). The network currently includes about 170 scientists from 36 countries. The first priority is creating a dynamic taxonomic backbone for the order using the EDIT Platform for Cybertaxonomy (cybertaxonomy.org). One key product is an online portal (caryophyllales.org) that serves as a single entry point for expert-reviewed information. The EDIT Data Portal is one of the software components of the EDIT Platform (see the list of reference projects for further examples). Data entry, imports and editing is managed by the Taxonomic Editor component. Web services and data exchange via standardized formats will be used to connect to international biodiversity informatics initiatives such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and the International Plant Name Index. The data are available in a standardized format for open data exchange. Completed checklist projects with accompanying data papers so far consist of a genus-level checklist of the whole order (Hernández-Ledesma et al. 2015) and species-level treatments for Nepenthaceae (Berendsohn et al. 2018), Cactaceae (Korotkova et al. 2021) and Dianthus, Caryophyllaceae (Fassou et al. 2022). The entire Caryophyllaceae, Plumbaginaceae and the Amaranthaceae are under revision, Aizoaceae and most of the smaller families have been revised based on literature. These projects all aimed to network existing specialists for the respective families and to produce checklists that reflect the current state of research on the given group, where possible based on phylogenetic studies. The Caryophyllales TEN is coordinated by a scientist at the Botanic Garden Berlin but otherwise has no explicit governance or committees. The experiences from the aforementioned projects allow for some general insights as to organizing and maintaining a taxonomic expert network. Whereas a scientific network is usually a relatively loose connection between collaborators with varying levels of commitment over time, a strong expert network that works towards a specific product needs a firmer structure. According to our experience, five aspects are important. 1. Clarity. A clearly defined framework which can include the written summary of the rationale and the main underlying principles, detailed editorial guidelines and guidelines for contributors, best-practice recommendations, a clear outline of different roles which experts can have in the project, and requirements for authorship on resulting publications. 2. Flexibility. The framework should be defined in a way that it still allows flexible approaches to the individual projects and the roles that can account for varying levels of commitment and needs of individual researchers. 3. Community aspect. Bringing experts together regularly through in-person conferences or virtual meetings is essential to keep the network going. Participation should be open for everyone who is interested, regardless of career level and there should be different lowthreshold “entry points”. These can be participation in a conference, being invited to contribute to a checklist or seeking out other experts for collaboration. Already active experts can engage and further connect people to the network, thus creating a large and strong community. 4. Credits. Our policy is that each source is referenced and each individual contribution is acknowledged in the data paper and online portal. This aims at increasing the visibility of research results and developing best-practice approaches within the community. 5. Incentives and commitment. People will participate in such networks because they have a strong personal interest to invest their time and energy in a project that is valuable to them and aligns with their own goals. Expert networks need committed people and therefore, there must be strong incentives, for example being part of a widely known and highly visible initiative or co-authoring a key data paper.

Supervised Feature Extraction and Synthesis of Integrated Circuits Micrographs for Physical Assurance

Abstract This article proposes a design for a real-time Trojan detection system and explores possible solutions to the challenge of large-scale SEM image acquisition. One such solution, a deep-learning approach that generates synthetic micrographs from layout images, shows significant promise. Learning-based approaches are also used to both synthesize and classify cells. The classification outcome is matched with the design exchange format file entry to ensure the purity of the underlying IC.

Structured Data Storage for Data-Driven Process Optimisation in Bioprinting

Bioprinting is a method to fabricate 3D models that mimic tissue. Future fields of application might be in pharmaceutical or medical context. As the number of applicants might vary between only one patient to manufacturing tissue for high-throughput drug screening, designing a process will necessitate a high degree of flexibility, robustness, as well as comprehensive monitoring. To enable quality by design process optimisation for future application, establishing systematic data storage routines suitable for automated analytical tools is highly desirable as a first step. This manuscript introduces a workflow for process design, documentation within an electronic lab notebook and monitoring to supervise the product quality over time or at different locations. Lab notes, analytical data and corresponding metadata are stored in a systematic hierarchy within the research data infrastructure Kadi4Mat, which allows for continuous, flexible data structuring and access management. To support the experimental and analytical workflow, additional features were implemented to enhance and build upon the functionality provided by Kadi4Mat, including browser-based file previews and a Python tool for the combined filtering and extraction of data. The structured research data management with Kadi4Mat enables retrospective data grouping and usage by process analytical technology tools connecting individual analysis software to machine-readable data exchange formats.

Enhancing the Performance of Android

Abstract: In the present day, with the increasing popularity of the android operating system, applications being built on the Android SDK draw much attention. However, some applications built on android tend to have a cumbersome interface causing inconveniences to users. This can be reduced by eliminating the redundancies during the build of these applications. List view is commonly used in android applications to arrange a list of scrollable items in a sequential order. This consumes a considerable amount of memory and CPU utilization resulting in the degradation of the applications. One proposed solution to this can be the introduction of the RecyclerView. The RecyclerView traditionally replaces the GridView and the ListView which were previously used in android applications. This improvement is achieved by recycling the views which are out of the visibility of the user inturn enhancing both the ListView as well as the GridView. Networking in android was previously a nightmare for developers where they had to retrieve and analyze their own data. Data transfer is performed in Android applications using a Web REST API. Development speed can be enhanced by efficient data analysis by utilizing a library from the entire range of REST client libraries. REST (Representational State Transfer) has become the most commonly used way for creating, publishing, and consuming Web services, exploiting JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a data exchange format. The most used libraries for accessing the REST Web APIs today are Android Volley and Retrofit. An android device is hindered by limited power, memory and resources. Several architectures such as MVC(Model-View-Controller), MVP(Model-view-Presenter) and MVVM(ModelView-Viewmodel) are commonly used in the development of android applications. In order to develop applications with efficient CPU utilization, reduced memory usage and a lowered execution time, the most suitable of these architectures is to be utilized

Deep-Learning Based Fault Events Analysis in Power Systems

The identification of fault types and their locations is crucial for power system protection/operation when a fault occurs in the lines. In general, this involves a human-in-the-loop analysis to capture the transient voltage and current signals using a common format for transient data exchange for power systems (COMTRADE) file. Then, protection engineers can identify the fault types and the line locations after the incident. This paper proposes intelligent and novel methods of faulty line and location detection based on convolutional neural networks in the power system. The three-phase fault information contained in the COMTRADE file is converted to an image file and extracted adaptively by the proposed CNN, which is trained by a large number of images under various kinds of fault conditions and factors. A 500 kV power system is simulated to generate different types of electromagnetic fault transients. The test results show that the proposed CNN-based analyzer can classify the fault types and locations under various conditions and reduce the fault analysis efforts.