Excessive Workload Research Articles

The Influence of Workload on the Performance of Banjarmasin City Land Office Employees Through Motivational Mediation

Workload is an important factor that can influence employee performance. Excessive workload can cause stress and fatigue, which can reduce employee performance. On the other hand, motivation can be a determining factor in improving employee performance. High motivation can encourage employees to work harder and be more productive. This research aims to determine and analyze the effect of workload on performance by mediating motivation among Banjarmasin City Land Office Employees. This research method uses a questionnaire of 40 Banjarmasin City Land Office employees as samples and the sampling technique used is purposive sampling with judgment sampling type. Data analysis uses the SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square) method which is processed with the SmartPLS Program. The results of this research conclude that the workload variable has a significant negative effect on the performance variable, the workload variable has a significant positive effect on the motivation variable, the motivation variable has a significant positive effect on the performance variable, and the workload variable has a significant positive effect on the performance variable with the mediation of the motivation variable.

A qualitative study of the experiences of interdisciplinary nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak following the announcement of the "Ten new guidelines" in China.

On December 7, 2022, the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of China's State Council released the "Ten New Guidelines" to optimize the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention policies further. This signaled a broader shift from "dynamic clearing" to "coexisting with the virus" nationwide. This study aims to examine the experiences and perspectives of interdisciplinary nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in China after the implementation of the "Ten New Guidelines". The goal is to understand the challenges faced by this unique nursing group and inform organizational support to bolster their well-being and resilience. Two tertiary hospitals in southeastern Zhejiang Province were selected, with interdisciplinary nurses chosen as subjects. A constructivist qualitative research approach was employed, using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Research data were collected through interviews and analyzed using content analysis. Fifteen interdisciplinary nurses were included in this study. The analysis revealed four main themes and nine sub-themes. The main themes were: (1) ineffective organizational support (inadequate organizational care, poor PPE, excessive workload), (2) physiological distress after contracting COVID-19 (extreme physical fatigue, leakage of urine due to severe coughing), (3) fear of being wrong (fear of being reprimanded in public, psychological anxiety), and (4) family responsibility anxiety (difficulty of loyalty and filial piety, obligations to their children). We provide new evidence that organizations must proactively address the support, training, and communication needs of staff, particularly interdisciplinary nurses, to supplement epidemic containment. This is also essential in helping mitigate the work-family conflicts such roles can create.

Preliminary Development of Items for a Nurses' Physical Environmental Stress Scale.

This study aimed to develop a preliminary Nurses' Physical Environmental Stress Scale (NPESS) that explores the relationships between the physical environment in the intensive care unit (ICU) and work-related stress among ICU nurses. Working within the healthcare field is stressful and comes with a high level of responsibility for nurses, especially ICU nurses. The ICU work environment is associated with risk factors such as excessive workload, increased expectations, and long working hours that can lead to burnout among nurses. There is some evidence that environmental design has the potential to prevent or mitigate work-related stress; however, an adequate assessment tool to identify physical environmental stressors or supports for moderating stress is lacking. To develop the preliminary environmental assessment tool, an exploratory sequential methodology was used. The approach consisted of three distinct phases, including (a) a qualitative content analysis of existing focus group data, (b) a qualitative content analysis of pertinent literature related to environmental assessment tools in a healthcare context, and (c) the development and refinement of the NPESS assessment tool. Tool refinement was based on interviews with ICU nurses. The resulting NPESS tool was comprised of seven sections (sounds, lighting, smells, staff respite spaces, staff workspaces, patient rooms, and aesthetic qualities) containing a total of and 81 items that address factors that were identified as potential moderators of environmental stress in ICU settings. The resulting NPESS assessment tool provides a feasible approach for evaluating ICU settings to identify possible improvements to reduce stress among nurses. Future research will be conducted to assess the validity and reliability of the final tool by distributing it to a larger sample of ICU nurses.

Healthcare Practitioners’ Perceptions of the Barriers to Prescribing or Promoting Exercise in the Treatment of People with Mental Illness: A Scoping Review

Contemporary healthcare for those experiencing mental illness requires healthcare practitioners (HCPs) to effectively incorporate the prescription of exercise in their treatment, in accordance with clinical guidelines. However, there has been a lack of effective implementation of such recommendations. The purpose of this review was to identify barriers to exercise prescription in the treatment of people diagnosed with mental illness as perceived by HCPs. APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PubMed electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published in the period from January 2005 to September 2023. A total of 18 papers were included for thematic synthesis. Four key themes were identified across the qualitative (8), quantitative (6), and mixed method (4) papers, including a lack of knowledge and confidence of HCPs in prescribing exercise; role and responsibility; HCPs’ misconceptions of client barriers; and systemic issues impacting exercise prescription practices. A lack of knowledge or confidence was the most common barrier. Some HCPs indicated a desire to develop their skills in exercise prescription, while others indicated a preference for an exercise professional to take responsibility for this aspect of treatment. Systemic barriers were spread across a range of issues, with lack of time, excessive workload, and difficulties accessing qualified staff most commonly cited. This review provides further insight into the barriers to exercise prescription faced by HCPs and makes recommendations regarding how to address these barriers in order to better implement clinical guidelines and thus improve the quality of treatment provided to people diagnosed with a mental illness.

Bullying against Healthcare Professionals and Coping Strategies: A Scoping Review.

Violence against healthcare professionals is an event that further burdens the daily lives of those who try every day to care for and assist those who need it most. In an attempt to overcome these events, there are coping strategies that can be used to reduce the stress caused. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the phenomenon of violence against healthcare professionals and the relationship between the bullying suffered by these professionals and the coping strategies they developed to overcome these moments. To this end, a scoping review was conducted in which eight articles were selected for final analysis from a total of 276 articles found in three electronic databases (EBSCO, PubMed, and Web of Science). This review concludes that the most common workplace bullying behaviours include excessive workloads, humiliation and ridicule, impossible deadlines, and verbal attacks. Professionals reported negative impacts, such as helplessness, depression, stress, insomnia, and the desire to change jobs. Victims of workplace bullying often expressed their intention to leave their current job or even abandon the profession. Problem-focused coping strategies are the most used. The studies indicated that workplace bullying negatively affects professionals in physical and mental terms, as well as in terms of quality of life at work, requiring more research and adoption of preventive measures to identify and combat the problem.

Worsening Burnout in Orthopedic Surgeons Since 2019 and Key Areas of Work life Drivers

Background: In 2019, we assessed rates of burnout in orthopedic surgeons (attendings and trainees) at our institution and found distinct levels and drivers of burnout. Excessive workload had the strongest association with burnout across career stages. Purposes: We sought to re-examine the rates of burnout in orthopedic trainees and faculty in the same institution several years later and to identify the areas of worklife that correlated with burnout at distinct career stages, comparing 2019 and 2023 responses. Methods: From November 2022 to February 2023, we invited 190 orthopedic attending surgeons and trainees to participate in a survey by email. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and Areas of Worklife Scale were used to evaluate burnout and areas of worklife, respectively. Respondents were invited to elaborate on their experiences in free-text boxes. Results were compared to those of our 2019 survey. Results: In 2023, 76 recipients completed the survey, for a 40% response rate, compared with a 79% response rate in 2019. The response rate among residents fell from 93% in 2019 to 28% in 2023. High levels of depersonalization were found in 38% of residents and 21% of attending surgeons. High levels of emotional exhaustion were found in 31% of residents and 33% of attending surgeons. The proportion of attending surgeons reporting symptoms of burnout doubled between 2019 and 2023, whereas rates remained similar in residents. In 2023, 38% of residents reported low personal accomplishment compared with 5% in 2019. Excessive workload and limited job control were the work life areas most strongly correlated with burnout. Conclusions: The results of our 2023 survey suggest that burnout rates increased in academic orthopedic attending surgeons at our institution since 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of institutions continuing to prioritize physician well-being.

IJCM_404A: Newborn deaths in Maharashtra: A qualitative thematic analysis of newspaper articles

Background: As per statistics on infant mortality, the State of Maharashtra has done well in bringing down IMR from 33 to 16 per 1000 live births. However, in recent years many incidents come to light, especially in the case of institutional deliveries where newborns die either due to infrastructure failure or dysfunctional equipment. On a programmatic level, this has serious implications. Schemes such as Janani Suraksha Yojana promote institutional deliveries, but the institutes are unable to tend to the patient load efficiently. Analysing newspaper articles covering such incidents will throw light on actionable points for policy change. Experts from various fields tend to author such articles. Therefore it’s imperative to search every source available to bottleneck the areas for improvement. Objective: 1. To understand the perspectives of authors about newborn deaths in Maharashtra 2. To derive major areas of concern raised by such articles possibly causing newborn deaths in Maharashtra Methodology: All newspaper articles published in the last 2 years about newborn deaths in Maharashtra were identified. They were segregated according to the Name of the newspaper, author, incident, period etc. A thematic analysis was performed on 12 such articles to uncover different themes and sub themes. Results: Major themes that emerged were related to infrastructure issues and equipment failure. Another important theme was the higher patient load on secondary care due to excessive referrals from primary health facilities. The schemes promoting institutional deliveries did not anticipate the additional workload on district and subdistrict hospitals. Strengthening primary care remains the major area of concern. Conclusion: Lack of quality assurance is the major bottleneck at the infrastructure level. Strengthening primary care will reduce the excessive workload on district and subdistrict hospitals. All these are part of the same chain of events.

Impact of Burnout on Anaesthesiologists.

Professional burnout syndrome (PBS) is an issue affecting individuals and organizations alike, characterized by emotional exhaustion and reduced effectiveness resulting from overwhelming work demands. Root causes include excessive workload, unrealistic expectations, and blurred work-life boundaries, which are often intensified by organizational culture and inadequate support systems. The consequences range from decreased productivity and creativity to high turnover rates and financial strain on organizations. Mitigating PBS requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both individual and organizational levels. Individually, stress management techniques and self-care practices are crucial for building resilience and coping with work-related stressors. Organizations play a vital role in promoting employee well-being by fostering a supportive work environment, promoting work-life balance and providing access to support systems such as counseling and mentorship programs. Leadership is key in creating a culture that values employee health and prioritizes open communication and empathy. Policy interventions can further support efforts to combat PBS by enforcing labor laws that protect employee rights, such as setting limits on working hours and ensuring access to mental health services. Additionally, incentivise organizations to prioritize employee well-being through tax incentives or certification programs can encourage proactive measures against burnout. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive exploration of PBS, examining its causes, consequences, and potential mitigation strategies in individuals and organizations, with a focus on anaesthesiology.

Navigating The Media Maze: Perceived Work-Life Balance Among Women Journalists

Maintaining a balance between work and personal life is a dream for anyone with multiple roles to play in their daily routines. Women journalists are no exception, and their work requires them to possess a broad range of knowledge and skills to deliver accurate and timely information to the public. Despite having multiple responsibilities in their personal lives, women journalists have embraced this challenge. However, issues such as long working hours, inflexible work schedules, excessive workloads, the dual responsibility of childcare, workplace discrimination, lack of support from supervisors and family, and the spillover of work into family life can make it challenging to maintain a healthy work-life balance. This study aims to explore the perception of women journalists towards work-life balance. The Spillover and Role Theories offer insights into the challenges faced by women journalists in balancing their personal and professional lives. The study conducted in-depth interviews with 16 journalists, including single and married women, working in various environments at the media headquarters and state bureau. The perception towards work-life balance was categorised into three themes: work and family environment, mental well-being, and personality traits. This article highlights the difficulties that women journalists face in managing their diverse roles during the convergence period of the media industry and emphasises the need to address work-life balance concerns in the Malaysian media sector. Keywords: Women, journalists, work-life balance, Spillover Theory, Role Theory.

Is it true that students' mental health is a problem? Literature Study of the Causes of Mental Health Problems

One of the factors that determine whether teenagers are more vulnerable to mental disorders is that teenagers tend to have explosive emotional outbursts. One of the causes of psychological disturbance in this group of students is excessive workload. This research used the literature review or literature study method. Through this literature review, the author will find various data and information that can be used through various journals and books as answers to the problems that the author is studying. This research aims to find out how to prevent mental health problems experienced by students. The results of this research show that mental health refers to an individual's condition that facilitates progress in all dimensions of development, such as physical, intelligence, and emotional, towards their best potential which is in line with the development of others. Aspects of mental health also include efforts to manage stress, difficulties in adaptation, interactions with other people, and decision-making processes. Students feel that the final assignment is quite a heavy burden. Anxiety is a personal sensation related to feelings of tension, restlessness, and worry associated with increased nervous system activity. Students are carrying out their final assignments which are considered to be a difficult task that can cause anxiety. The impact felt by students will be sleep disturbances, lack of rest time, and unhealthy eating patterns. One of the first steps is for students to have a good understanding of their body condition, including physical and mental. students can relax for their body and mind.

Occupational Risk Factor for Carpel Tunnel Syndrome Related to Computer Usage: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is triggered by compression of the median nerve as it travels through the wrist's carpal tunnel. CTS is also more likely to occur if you work in certain occupations such as Related with clerical and administrative work on Computer. Objective: To identify the frequency and pattern of CTS among clerical and administrative workers using computer. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was started from October 2021 to January 2022 between 20-50 years of age at five Private colleges in Lahore city. The participants fulfilling the inclusion criterion were using computer for more than 6 hours a day, having co-operative attitude, weren’t taking any analgesics and had no associated co-morbidities. After informed consent 200 participants were enrolled using convenient sampling method. Sample size was calculated by taking average from previous research publications. A designed questionnaire was given among the participants to obtain information about demographics and Phalen’s test for CTS. Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS version 21.0. Results: The Results shows that 5 participants have Positive CTS in 20-30, 10 in 31-40, 14 in 41-50 age group. Positive CTS was considered positive via Phalen’s Test. Males have higher frequency of CTS as 21 Males and 8 Females with Positive Phalen’s test. Conclusions: CTS is related with an occupational factor in terms of computer usage. It is common in males because of excess workload and job duties

A Benders decomposition algorithm for resource allocation with multi-resource operations

This paper addresses a real life scheduling problem characterised by multi-resource operations whose completion simultaneously requires more than one (renewable) resource of different types. Such problems arise in various companies not only in manufacturing but also in services. Solving such a problem needs to address two interconnected subproblems: a sequencing subproblem and a resource-allocation subproblem if more than one resource is available in some types. The resource-allocation subproblem consists of allocating to each operation the resources it requires while the sequencing subproblem consists of determining the order in which each resource performs the operations assigned to it. This paper focuses on the resource-allocation subproblem. It generalises the basic scheduling problems which consist of determining the operations' starting or completion times for a given processing sequence for every resource. We consider a cost function taking into account the makespan, the cost of resource utilisation, and the load imbalance among the resources of the same type. We first formulate the problem into a mixed-integer linear program (MILP). To efficiently solve it, even in practical-sized instances, an exact algorithm called BD (Benders decomposition with enhancing cuts) is developed where the master problem only considers integer variables. We prove that the slave problem can be transformed into finding the longest paths in a digraph and therefore can be solved with the Bellman–Ford algorithm. To enhance the efficiency of the method, equivalent solutions are limited in the master problem. The performance of the approach is evaluated by comparing it against CPLEX, a state-of-the-art commonplace MILP solver, used to directly solve the initial MILP. The computational results demonstrate that BD provides competitive solutions in all upper and lower bounds. In particular, it improves, compared with CPLEX, the upper and lower bounds by 5.07% and 4.63%, respectively, in solving practical-sized instances. The experiment also shows that considering load balancing can make more rational use of resources and avoid adverse effects caused by excessive workload of staff and imbalanced use of equipment, which is very important in real-world production.

Dampak Motivasi Kerja Dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Asuransi Jasa Indonesia (Persero) Kantor Cabang Surabaya

So that employees can provide the best service to consumers, it is very important to motivate employees. If providing motivation to employees is less effective then this will have a direct impact on employee performance. High performance can be created if employees feel happy and comfortable at work. Stress is a dynamic condition where an individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint or demand that is related to what he wants and the results are perceived as uncertain and important. Therefore, the problem of work stress and employee mental health needs to receive serious attention from the leadership. The research method used in this research uses multiple linear regression analysis. Simultaneous testing using the F test shows that there is a real influence between the independent variable and the dependent variable, as evidenced by the Fcount value of 21.382 > Ftable 3.3. In this simultaneous relationship, a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.613 or 61.3% of the existing data is produced, indicating that the two independent variables, namely work motivation (X₁) and work stress (X₂) are able to explain the variable, namely employee performance confidence (Y). , while the multiple R is 0.783 or 78.3%, which shows that the relationship between the independent variables as a whole and the dependent variable is quite strong. Partially, the work stress variable (X₂) has a significant and dominant effect on employee performance with a tcount of 4.314 > ttable 2.052 and a significant value of 0.000. This means work stress which consists of: excessive workload, work conflict, work frustration, equipment availability, and time constraints.
 

The Concept of Burnout in Teachers

Today, it is necessary to communicate face-to-face and close with people in many professions. Emotional reactions to emotional burnout are observed in those who work in areas where face-to-face communication with people is intense. Burnout is a condition that manifests itself with the feeling of exhaustion felt in physiological and emotional areas, which is observed as a result of the inability to cope with the stress experienced due to the nature of the profession, especially in those who work in occupational groups that require intensive communication with people. Research to identify the elements related to burnout shows that interpersonal relationships, motivation, excessive workload, and one's success in coping with stress are associated with burnout. The internal contradiction in the workplace and the stress caused by this contradiction make employees prone to burnout. Studies emphasizing the importance of stress and motivation in burnout indicate that employees with low motivation do not experience burnout despite high job stress. In this review, information about teachers' burnout levels is given.

Feasibility and reliability of peercloud in vehicular networks: A comprehensive study

Advanced computing capabilities embedded in modern vehicles enable them to accommodate a variety of intelligent transportation systems and real-world applications that help improve driving safety and compliance with road regulations. However, some of these applications are computationally demanding, and the local processing capabilities of vehicles may not always be enough to support them. To address this issue, existing research has proposed offloading the excessive workload to other computing facilities, such as nearby base stations, roadside units, or remote cloud servers. Still, these facilities have several limitations, including frequent unavailability, congestion, and high fees. In this paper, we explore a more pervasive and cost-effective solution: offloading excessive workloads to nearby peer vehicles via peer-to-peer connections. This approach, referred to as peercloud-vehicle, is an extension of the peercloud approach, which has been proposed for mobile social networks in the literature. The objective of this work is to have a comprehensive study on the feasibility and reliability of vehicle-to-vehicle offloading. First, we analyze two real-world vehicular network datasets to study the robustness of the vehicle contacts and estimate contact durations with deep learning-based regression methods. Second, we design reliable vehicle-to-vehicle offloading approaches based on two optimization objectives: min-delay task offloading to minimize the overall execution delay, and cost-aware task offloading to minimize the cost of task offloading. Experimental results based on real-world datasets demonstrate that peercloud-vehicle significantly outperforms existing approaches.

Exploring nurses' experiences: Abandoning the profession and migrating for improved opportunities

AimThis study explores nurses' experiences in migration for employment and professional abandonment in Barcelona (Spain). MethodsEmploying a mixed-design approach comprising 1) a qualitative descriptive phenomenological study, followed by 2) a subsequent cross-sectional study, 20 and 225 nurses participated in each study, respectively. Qualitative data, gathered through 4 focus group discussions, underwent inductive thematic analysis, following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines, while quantitative data were descriptively analyzed. FindingsThree qualitative themes emerged: 1) Migration motives, such as improved job opportunities, permanent contracts, continuous training, and professional recognition; 2) Reasons for leaving or contemplating leaving the profession, including excessive workload, lack of recognition, limited development, and exhaustion; 3) Nurses' needs, encompassing more staffing, improved remuneration, permanent contracts, flexible schedules, greater autonomy, and career growth. The cross-sectional study revealed a 13.5 % professional abandonment rate at some point across all demographics and seniority levels. Migration trends varied by professional experience, with younger nurses seeking better conditions and opportunities elsewhere. ConclusionsMultifactorial causes underlie job migration and professional abandonment, necessitating comprehensive interventions to improve nurses' working and professional conditions.

Analysis of human resources needs in the outpatient registration unit using the Analisis Beban Kerja Kesehatan (ABK Kes) method

Excessive workloads for medical record staff can lead to both physical and mental fatigue, while insufficient workloads may result in boredom. The outpatient registration unit at the hospital faces challenges in the registration process due to a high volume of patient registrations, leading to long queues. This study aimed to analyze the human resource needs of the medical record staff in the outpatient registration unit using the Analisis Beban Kerja Kesehatan (ABK Kes) method. The ABK Kes method involves calculating labor needs based on the workload associated with each type of task performed by staff at health service facilities, aligning with their primary duties and functions. The chosen method for this study was qualitative descriptive. Data collection was conducted through observation and interviews involving five subjects, all of whom were medical record staff in the outpatient unit. The results indicate that, based on the calculations, the human resource needs in the patient registration unit should include seven people, requiring an additional two staff members. The waiting time during registration significantly influences patients' perceptions of hospital service assessments. The addition of two staff members, in accordance with the calculated needs, is expected to enhance the productivity of the registration officers.

A Conceptual Framework on Factors Influencing Nurses’ Job Performance

The nurses' job performance can be regarded as a reflection of healthcare organizations, given that they comprise the largest group of human resource professionals who are responsible for providing high-quality care to patients. However, previous studies have emphasized that nurses in Malaysia are underperformed because of shortages in the workforce and excessive workload. Hence, understanding factors influencing the job performance of nurses will empower decision-makers to develop effective strategies aimed at enhancing nurses' performance. In Malaysia, only a few research have been performed on job performance, especially among nurses. Furthermore, limited research has delved into the specific factors influencing nurses’ job performance in Malaysia’s public hospital system. This study contributes to the existing knowledge by investigating the impact of spirituality at work and HRM practices on the nurses’ job performance in Malaysian public hospitals. This study employs a quantitative survey method using self-administered questionnaires, and the data collected will be analyzed using SPSS software Version 26. A total of 375 nurses from a population of 12, 514 nurses who worked at public hospitals in Malaysia will be selected as a sample of the study. This study offers potential benefits to authorities in Malaysian healthcare organizations by providing valuable insights for the development of compelling effective spirituality at work values and human resource management strategies aimed at enhancing the job performance of nurses.

Lessons learned from implementation of four HIV self-testing (HIVST) distribution models in Zambia: applying the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to understand impact of contextual factors on implementation

BackgroundAlthough Zambia has integrated HIV-self-testing (HIVST) into its Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) regulatory frameworks, few best practices to optimize the use of HIV self-testing to increase testing coverage have been documented. We conducted a prospective case study to understand contextual factors guiding implementation of four HIVST distribution models to inform scale-up in Zambia.MethodsWe used the qualitative case study method to explore user and provider experiences with four HIVST distribution models (two secondary distribution models in Antenatal Care (ANC) and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) clinics, community-led, and workplace) to understand factors influencing HIVST distribution. Participants were purposefully selected based on their participation in HIVST and on their ability to provide rich contextual experience of the distribution models. Data were collected using observations (n = 31), group discussions (n = 10), and in-depth interviews (n = 77). Data were analyzed using the thematic approach and aligned to the four Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) domains.ResultsImplementation of the four distribution models was influenced by an interplay of outer and inner setting factors. Inadequate compensation and incentives for distributors may have contributed to distributor attrition in the community-led and workplace HIVST models. Stockouts, experienced at the start of implementation in the secondary-distribution and community-led distribution models often disrupted distribution. The existence of policy and practices aided integration of HIVST in the workplace. External factors complimented internal factors for successful implementation. For instance, despite distributor attrition leading to excessive workload, distributors often multi-tasked to keep up with demand for kits, even though distribution points were geographically widespread in the workplace, and to a less extent in the community-led models. Use of existing communication platforms such as lunchtime and safety meetings to promote and distribute kits, peers to support distributors, reduction in trips by distributors to replenish stocks, increase in monetary incentives and reorganisation of stakeholder roles proved to be good adaptations.ConclusionHIVST distribution was influenced by a combination of contextual factors in variable ways. Understanding how the factors interacted in real world settings informed adaptations to implementation devised to minimize disruptions to distribution.

A 2023 nationwide study on adjustment disorder among first year MBBS students in India.

Amidst the complex transition to medical college, encompassing a myriad of academic, social, and personal adjustments, MBBS students in India confront multifaceted challenges that can precipitate adjustment disorder, a phenomenon understudied within the Indian context. Therefore, it is of interest to assess adjustment disorder among first-year MBBS students within six months of enrolment. We used a Google form encompassing adjustment disorder new-module 20 for data collection and found that 67% of the 401 responses from first-year medical students exhibited adjustment disorder. The top stressors identified included time pressure, work pressure, financial problems, moving to a new home, and termination of important leisure activities. Female gender, age group 21-25, conflicts in working life, financial problems, own serious illness, family conflicts, pressure to meet deadlines, and excessive workload showed significant associations with adjustment disorder.