Excessive Use Research Articles

Characterization of adult patients with a diagnosis of migraine and osmophobia: the osmograine study

IntroductionOsmophobia is associated with a greater intensity of the headache, a more significant presence of affective symptoms, and the appearance of cutaneous allodynia.ObjectivesTo determine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with episodic and chronic migraine associated with osmophobia.MethodsA cross-sectional analytical observational study, 100 patients were included.Results65% of the patients presented osmophobia, 64.6% of patients with osmophobia had chronic migraine, and 35.4% had episodic migraine without statistically significant differences p=0.120. Regarding the clinical characteristics, pulsatile pain was the most frequent in 49%, and severe intensity was present in 81%. Statistically significantrelationships were found between osmophobia and photophobia [(95.4 vs 77.1]; p=0.005), phonophobia ([96.9 vs 74.3); p=0.001) and allodynia ([75.4 vs 45.7); p=0.002). The that become chronic factors were more frequent in the group with osmophobia, in which an association with the excessive use of analgesics ([43.8%vs. 22.9%]; p=0.029) and a history of anxiety and depression ([32.8% vs. 14.3%]; p=0.045). In the multivariate model, the variables associated with osmophobia with statistically significant differences were photophobia, allodynia, and botulinum toxin application.ConclusionsIn this first study of osmophobia in migraine in Colombia, osmophobia is a frequent symptom in patients with chronic migraine; it has related to markers of central sensitization; it is also related to that become chronic factors and the use of botulinum toxin. Therefore, it is likely that osmophobia can predict the risk of that factor, causing the disease to become chronic.

Profiling the biocontrol agents, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and indole acetic acid-producing bacteria in anthill soil

Due to the adverse ecological impacts of prolonged and excessive use of agrochemicals, many researchers have called for the adoption of eco-friendly materials in farming. Consequently, the aim of this study is to profile the biocontrol agents, nitrogen-fixing, and indole-acetic-acid-producing bacteria present in anthill soil. Anthill soils and adjacent soils were collected, and their physicochemical properties were analysed using standard analytical methods. Viable bacteria were isolated and screened for plant growth-promoting (PGP) activity using standard biochemical, morphological, and bacteriological methods. The PGP capacity of the isolates was evaluated using standard protocol for nitrogen fixation and indole-acetic-acid production, while antagonistic effect against plant pathogens was evaluated using the disk diffusion assay. Results revealed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus sp. isolated from the anthill soil demonstrated PGP characteristics including IAA production and nitrogen fixation. Bacillus sp. exhibited zones of clearance with values of 20.00 ± 1.50 mm, 20.00 ± 1.75 mm, 17.00 ± 1.33 mm, and 17.00 ± 1.33 mm against Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., and Fusarium sp., respectively. This study demonstrated that anthill soils contain beneficial microbes with the potential to stimulate plant growth and suppress soil-borne plant pathogens.

Replacement of native sugars of apples by isomaltulose in dual stages

The present study aimed to substitute the native sugars of apples for isomaltulose. In the first stage, native sugars were partially removed from the fruit tissue, and in the second stage, isomaltulose was incorporated. The use of ultrasound was evaluated at both process stages. Water loss (WL), solid gain (SG), water activity (aw), soluble solids content (°Brix), shrinkage (Sh), and color parameters (total color difference (ΔE), L* a*, b*, Cr*, and h°) were evaluated. The temperature of 35 °C stood out for its contribution to the mass transfer parameters (SG = 8.196%; WL = 21.699%—maximum values). There seems to be a threshold regarding the use of ultrasound in the process stages, indicating that its excessive use does not favor impregnation. The ideal process to promote the dehydration of apples and incorporation of the greatest amount of isomaltulose consisted of a treatment in which samples were immersed in water in the first stage, followed by impregnation of isomaltulose for 40 min assisted by ultrasound in the second stage. In addition, there was a significant reduction of aw (0.971 ± 0.001) and a slight change in color parameters (2.91 ± 0.45). Only concerning Sh (28.7 ± 3.6%), this treatment was not advantageous.Graphical

Response to Addition of Lighting Duration and Electrical Induction in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Plant on the Uptake of Nitrogen, Phosphors, Potassium and Yield

Background: The impact of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides causes problems of land degradation, low fertility levels and reduced cation exchange capacity. To increase nutrient uptake and yield of lettuce plants, cultivation techniques using induction and additional lighting are needed. The aim is to increase nutrient absorption and plant yields. Methods: The research design used a split plot with Factorial Randomized Groups. Factor 1 Lighting duration (P) for 4 and 8 hours per day and Factor 2, induction with DC (Direct Current) current (S). Induction 1 time per day (S1); The treatment in this study was repeated 4 times. Induction 2 times per day (S2) and Induction 3 times per day (S3). Result: The combination P2S2 showed good results regarding the uptake of Nitrogen (20.1 Kg.Ha-1), Phosphorus (2.71 Kg.Ha-1) and Potassium (67.23 Kg.Ha-1) in plant leaves. The P1S2 treatment showed a leaf area of (1652.19 cm2). The adding 4 hours of light and an induction interval of 2 times per day gave good results on the uptake of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in the leaf of lettuce plants.

Dietary Clostridium butyricum metabolites mitigated the disturbances in growth, immune response and gut health status of Ctenopharyngodon idella subjected to high cottonseed and rapeseed meal diet

Cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal exhibit a potential for fishmeal substitute in grass carp feed, while their excessive use contribute to growth decline and weakening immunity of aquatic animals. Clostridium butyricum metabolites (CBM) was recognized as a functional additive due to its antioxidant properties and maintenance of intestinal microbiota balance. CBM was added to a high of cottonseed and rapeseed meal diet to determine its effects on growth, immunity, and intestinal microbiota alterations of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) over 56 days. Eight hundred grass carp (mean weight, around 50 g) were randomized to five treatments and fed with the basic diet (CON), CBM0 diet (28 % cottonseed and 27 % rapeseed meal), and CBM diets (CBM0.5, CBM1, and CBM2, namely CBM0 diet supplemented with 500, 1000, and 2000 mg kg−1 CBM). The results indicated that compared to CBM0, The ingestion of 1000 mg kg−1 CBM diet by grass carp significantly promoted growth as measured by intestinal lipase activity, villus height, and muscle thickness. Moreover, accompanied by a decrease in intestine MDA content, and enhance antioxidant capacity by activating Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway to increase enzyme activities (SOD, CAT and T-AOC) and corresponding gene expression (mnsod, cat, gsto and gpx1) in the intestine of grass crap fed CBM1 diet. The dietary CBM1 diet increased serum levels of C3 and IgM, increased ACP activity and expression of the corresponding anti-inflammatory factors (tgf-β1 and il-15), and suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (tnf-α and il-12β), resulting in enhanced immunity. The dietary CBM1 diet up-regulates gene expression of tight junction proteins (zo-1, occludin, occludin7a and occludin-c), coupled with the decreases in DAO and D-lactate contents, implying that the decreased mucosal permeability could be observed in the gut. The dietary CBM1 diet largely altered the intestinal microbial community, especially reducing the relative abundance of intestinal pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus and Actinomyces). And it significantly increased the content of short-chain fatty acids (acetic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, propionic acid and isovaleric acid). Taken above, dietary CBM supplementation improved growth in grass carp and attenuated the intestinal oxidative stress, inflammation and microflora dysbacteriosis caused by high proportions of cottonseed and rapeseed meal diets.

MENTAL HEALTH IMPACTS BY ELEVATED DIGITAL SCREEN TIME DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Introduction – The length of time invested in and the various activities carried out utilizing digital devices are referred to as screen time. The COVID-19 pandemic's restrictions on social interactions exacerbated the overuse of digital gadgets for everyday tasks like socializing, education, shopping, working, meeting, and entertainment. Increased screen usage has been thought to have harmful impacts on psychiatric health in studies. Methods – Several journal articles were used as references, with the inclusion criteria of literature that discuss the mental health impacts of elevated digital screen time during the pandemic of COVID-19 and its recommended measures to minimize its adverse mental health outcomes and the promotion of healthy digital habits. Results – During the pandemic of COVID-19, the unprecedented digital life led to higher numbers of anxiety, sadness, confusion, and unpleasant feelings including irritation and violence. it is crucial to know how screen use time evolved during the COVID-19 period of crisis so that the design of health promotion and intervention may be planned and informed. This study aims to discuss the mental health impacts of elevated digital screen time on the pandemic of COVID-19 and strategies to minimize its adverse mental health outcomes, and the promotion of healthy digital habits. Discuss – Boosting collaborative research involving worldwide nations to tackle COVID-19-related public health concerns can improve global evidence and future policies. Increased screen usage has been displayed to have harmful impacts on psychiatric health in studies. Excessive digital use has been linked to attention deficit disorders, social and emotional cognitive impairment, social withdrawal, phantom vibration syndrome, and major psychiatric diseases such as depression, anxiety, and gaming addiction. Conclusion – It is critical to promote good digital practices and good applications of digital media to avoid the negative effects of increased screen time. To prevent hazardous screen usage and other behaviors that may influence the mental health and welfare of COVID-19-affected people, it is critical to harness the evidence available and adopt multimodal strategies. Keywords: mental health, screen time, COVID-19.

BIODEGRADATION OF SYNTHETIC PLASTICS BY FUNGAL SPECIES ISOLATED FROM SOIL

Excessive plastic use endangers both the environment and human life on Earth. Plastic accumulation on land and sea has sparked interest in degrading these polymers. To reduce the environmental impact of plastics, appropriate biodegradable methods must be used. Understanding the interaction of microbes and polymers is critical for overcoming the environmental problems associated with plastics. Many living organisms, primarily microorganisms, have developed strategies to survive and degrade plastics. The current review focusses on the various types of fungal species in our environment that are capable of degrading plastic, as well as the time it takes for fungal species to degrade plastic polymers. We have showed the degradation of thin plastic polymer with the isolated fungal species when we kept it for incubation at 27˚C for 44 days the degradation of plastic was found to be 4.85% with the biomass of 2.91g. KEYWORDS: Polymer, Biodegradable, Fungal species, Biomass.

Resistance Realized Heritability and Fitness Cost of Cyproflanilide in Rice Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The rice stem borer (RSB) Chilo suppressalis is a devastating rice pest with resistance to a number of insecticides. Recently, the new meta-diamide insecticide cyproflanilide has been considered an effective insecticide to control RSB. However, its resistance risk has not been reported. In the present study, we aimed to assess the resistance risk and evaluate the fitness cost after the RSB was exposed to cyproflanilide. After five generations of selection, the resistance level of RSB increased by 1.5-fold. When h2 was 0.125, a 10-fold resistance increase in the LD50 values was expected in fourteen and thirty-one generations at the selection intensity of 90% and 50%, respectively. The selected population (RSB-SEL) had significant differences in the developmental duration of eggs, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th instar larvae, and female pupae compared to the unselected population (RSB-UNSEL). Besides, the adult longevity was shortened, and the average pupal weight of males, the emergence rate, the sex ratio, the oviposition, the mean fecundity, and the full life cycle rate were decreased in RSB-SEL. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), the net reproductive rate (R0), and the finite rate of increase (λ) of RSB-SEL were significantly lower than those of RSB-UNSEL, while the mean generation time (T) of RSB-SEL was significantly longer than that of RSB-UNSEL. Based on the results of the prediction of the generations required for a 10-fold resistance increase in the LD50, a potential risk of resistance development exists in RSB after continuous and excessive use of cyproflanilide. These results will be useful in designing the dose of cyproflanilide to control C. suppressalis in field.

A weighted Bayesian integration method for predicting drug combination using heterogeneous data

BackgroundIn the management of complex diseases, the strategic adoption of combination therapy has gained considerable prominence. Combination therapy not only holds the potential to enhance treatment efficacy but also to alleviate the side effects caused by excessive use of a single drug. Presently, the exploration of combination therapy encounters significant challenges due to the vast spectrum of potential drug combinations, necessitating the development of efficient screening strategies.MethodsIn this study, we propose a prediction scoring method that integrates heterogeneous data using a weighted Bayesian method for drug combination prediction. Heterogeneous data refers to different types of data related to drugs, such as chemical, pharmacological, and target profiles. By constructing a multiplex drug similarity network, we formulate new features for drug pairs and propose a novel Bayesian-based integration scheme with the introduction of weights to integrate information from various sources. This method yields support strength scores for drug combinations to assess their potential effectiveness.ResultsUpon comprehensive comparison with other methods, our method shows superior performance across multiple metrics, including the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve, accuracy, precision, and recall. Furthermore, literature validation shows that many top-ranked drug combinations based on the support strength score, such as goserelin and letrozole, have been experimentally or clinically validated for their effectiveness.ConclusionsOur findings have significant clinical and practical implications. This new method enhances the performance of drug combination predictions, enabling effective pre-screening for trials and, thereby, benefiting clinical treatments. Future research should focus on developing new methods for application in various scenarios and for integrating diverse data sources.

Prediction of Greenhouse Area Expansion in an Agricultural Hotspot Using Landsat Imagery, Machine Learning and the Markov–FLUS Model

Greenhouses (GHs) are important elements of agricultural production and help to ensure food security aligning with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, there are still environmental concerns due to excessive use of plastics. Therefore, it is important to understand the past and future trends on spatial distribution of GH areas, whereby use of remote sensing data provides rapid and valuable information. The present study aimed to determine GH area changes in an agricultural hotspot, Serik, Türkiye, using 2008 and 2022 Landsat imageries and machine learning, and to predict future patterns (2036 and 2050) via the Markov–FLUS model. Performances of random forest (RF), k-nearest neighborhood (KNN), and k-dimensional trees k-nearest neighborhood (KD-KNN) algorithms were compared for GH discrimination. Accordingly, the RF algorithm gave the highest accuracies of over 90%. GH areas were found to increase by 73% between 2008 and 2022. The majority of new areas were converted from agricultural lands. Markov-based predictions showed that GHs are likely to increase by 43% and 54% before 2036 and 2050, respectively, whereby reliable simulations were generated with the FLUS model. This study is believed to serve as a baseline for future research by providing the first attempt at the visualization of future GH conditions in the Turkish Mediterranean region.

Exploring the Impact of Excessive Screen Time, Social Media, and Gaming on Mental Health and Well-being

The modern digital era has brought significant changes to how individuals interact, work, and entertain themselves. Among the most pronounced shifts is the rise in screen time, primarily through social media and gaming. These digital platforms, while offering new avenues for communication, learning, and entertainment, have raised concerns about their potential negative impacts on mental health and well-being. The excessive use of these platforms has led to questions about their association with anxiety, depression, attention deficits, and social isolation. While screens and digital tools are now integral to modern life, it is essential to understand how they affect psychological functioning. This paper explores the existing literature and empirical evidence surrounding excessive screen time, social media usage, and gaming, analyzing their impacts on mental health and overall well-being.

PEMBENTUKAN KOMUNITAS PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KECERDASAN INTERPERSONAL ANAK USIA SEKOLAH

The excessive use of smartphones for playing online games has a negative impact on school-age children, necessitating an alternative to divert their attention. One effective solution is introducing traditional games, which significantly benefit children's interpersonal intelligence, such as teamwork, expressing opinions, supporting each other, and decision-making. To address this issue, the team conducted a community service program in Kampung Kandungmangu, RT09/RW 03, Cisauk. This program involved 15 school-age children and included presentations, mentoring, implementation, and evaluation. The results of the program showed that participants gained a deeper understanding of traditional games and their benefits. Even after the program ended, the children continued to play traditional games to apply the knowledge and skills they acquired during the program. This indicates that traditional games not only successfully divert attention from online games but also positively contribute to the development of children's interpersonal intelligence.

Research on the Psychological Impact of the Policy Practice of Preventing Minors from Indulging in Online Games in China

With the expansion of online games, there is a relatively more severe issue involving minors excessive use of games. To this end, the Chinese government has issued several policy initiatives that are intended to stop minors from getting hooked on online games. This study aims to examine the psychological consequences of these policy practices on children. Through literature review, and case study, the changes in minors mental health status before and after the implementation of the policy were assessed, and the role of family, school and social environment in the implementation of the policy was also examined. This research identified that these policies have successfully limited the overuse of online games among minors to a certain extent but at the same time, it has introduced new psychological issues like anxiety and social isolation among the young people. Also, the issues that parents and educators encounter in the process of policy execution are also worth considering. Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations, such as introducing flexible time limits and regular review of the policy, are made in order to enhance policy implementation towards the improvement of the mental health of minors.

Who is ready to live a car-independent lifestyle? A latent class cluster analysis of attitudes towards car ownership and usage

An excessive use of private cars for transportation has multiple negative effects on our society. It is therefore paramount to identify the underlying factors driving car usage among different segments of travellers. In this study, we aim to identify and characterise traveller segments in terms of their car-related attitudes and how different sociodemographic attributes, travel behaviour characteristics (such as using cars as the primary mode of transportation), and the accessibility of their place of residence vary amongst different population segments. Through Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Latent Profile Analysis we identify five different classes, namely car-detractors, −hesitants, −positives, −friends, and −lovers. More favourable car attitudes are associated with higher car ownership and access but, interestingly, there are no significant differences in terms of travel frequency and trip length distribution. This suggests that attitudinal differences relate mostly to modal preference rather than to the underlying travel demand patterns and the associated activities. We also see that car-less individuals are more likely to be car detractors, suggesting that the experiencing barriers for owning a car may contribute to developing more negative attitudes towards cars. Our results shed light on the different influencing factors and characteristics of individuals that consider, or not, a car-centred mobility.

How to get green with agricultural footprint: A global analysis of carbon emissions, environmental taxes, and agrochemical use

The agriculture sector, being highly vulnerable to climate change, plays a pivotal role in achieving green and sustainable economies. As the 2030 Agenda emphasizes the integrated development of environmental, social, and economic dimensions, it is crucial to understand how agricultural practices affect sustainability. This study investigates the environmental impact of the agricultural sector on the green economy by examining key environmental factors, such as agricultural energy emissions, environmental taxes, irrigated water use efficiency, fertilizer use, and pesticide application. The analysis is conducted using the Panel Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag (QARDL) model, with robustness checks performed through the comparison with the Panel ARDL model, using data from 2000 to 2020. To assess the green economy, an index is constructed based on 20 indicators related to environmental, social, and economic sustainability. The results show that agricultural energy emissions, despite their environmental cost, are positively associated with green economy development, highlighting the trade-off between high productivity and environmental degradation in a resource-efficient economy. Improved water use efficiency is found to enhance agricultural sustainability and production. Additionally, environmental taxes and regulations exert a significant positive effect on both environmental preservation and social welfare. Contrary to the belief that reducing agricultural production will lower carbon emissions, the study suggests that adopting environmentally friendly practices and imposing targeted taxes are more effective strategies. The findings also reveal a negative relationship between excessive fertilizer use and the green economy, indicating the need for minimal fertilizer application to promote sustainability. The study concludes with specific policy recommendations. Governments, particularly in countries that have not yet adopted sustainable agricultural practices, should implement environmental taxes and regulations to promote carbon neutrality and support the Sustainable Development Goals. These measures are essential to balancing economic growth, environmental sustainability, and social equity in the agricultural sector.

Design of a Novel Hybrid Concentrated Photovoltaic–Thermal System Equipped with Energy Storages, Optimized for Use in Residential Contexts

Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) technology is based on the principle of concentrating direct sunlight onto small but very efficient photovoltaic (PV) cells. This approach allows the realization of PV modules with conversion efficiencies exceeding 30%, which is significantly higher than that of the flat panels. However, to achieve optimal performance, these modules must always be perpendicular to solar radiation; hence, they are mounted on high-precision solar trackers. This requirement has led to the predominant use of CPV technology in the construction of solar power plants in open and large fields for utility scale applications. In this paper, the authors present a novel approach allowing the use of this technology for residential installations, mounting the system both on flat and sloped roofs. Therefore, the main components of cell and primary lens have been chosen to contain the dimensions and, in particular, the thickness of the module. This paper describes the main design steps: thermal analysis allowed the housing construction material to be defined to contain cell working temperature, while with deep optical studies, experimentally validated main geometrical and functional characteristics of the CPV have been identified. The design of a whole CPV system includes thermal storage for domestic hot water and a 1 kWh electrical battery. The main design results indicate an estimated electrical conversion efficiency of 30%, based on a cell efficiency of approximately 42% under operational conditions and a measured optical efficiency of 74%. The CPV system has a nominal electric output of 550 Wp and can simultaneously generate 630 W of thermal power, resulting in an overall system efficiency of 65.5%. The system also boasts high optical acceptance angles (±0.6°) and broad assembly tolerances (±1 mm). Cost analysis reveals higher unit costs compared to conventional PV and CPV systems, but these become competitive when considering the benefit of excess thermal energy recovery and use by the end user.

Impact of Social Media on Adolescent Mental Health and Ethical Development: A Qualitative Study on Early Character Formation in Sarolangun Regency

Adolescent psychiatry reveals that 95.4% of adolescents aged 16-24 exhibit anxiety symptoms, and 88% show signs of depression, largely due to excessive social media use, resulting in character decline and apathy. This study explores the role of early character building in improving the formation of ethics in children in Sarolangun Regency, addressing concerns related to the negative effects of social media. A qualitative, descriptive approach was employed to investigate how habituation practices contribute to the development of student ethics. The study focused on five schools in Sarolangun Regency: SDIT AL Fatih, SDIT Rahmatul Ummah, SDIT AL Kahfi, SDN 1, and SDIT AS-Salam. Data collection involved interviews and observations of students, teachers, and parents to assess their roles in ethical development. The findings demonstrate that while technological advancements offer various benefits, they also introduce significant challenges, particularly in the realm of student behavior. Teachers actively work to mitigate the negative impacts of social media by providing guidance, instruction, and education on its dangers. Additionally, parents play an essential role in fostering ethical behavior, contributing significantly to children's moral development through consistent support and proper guidance. Both educators and parents are pivotal in guiding students' ethical growth amidst the increasing influence of social media. The combined efforts of these stakeholders ensure that children develop strong ethical foundations, helping counteract the potential negative impacts of technology. The study highlights the importance of early ethical education and the need for collaboration between teachers and parents to effectively guide children in the responsible use of social media.

A Review of the Current Status of Soil Organic Matter in China's Arable Land

Soil organic matter (SOM) in China's arable land is a critical foundation for maintaining agricultural productivity and ecosystem health. However, in recent years, the content of SOM has shown a declining trend due to unsustainable agricultural practices, excessive use of chemical fertilizers, and land degradation. This decline has adversely affected soil fertility, water retention capacity, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration. Although certain regions have seen improvements through the application of organic fertilizers, straw return, and conservation tillage, the overall SOM levels remain low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop comprehensive management strategies to increase SOM content, promote sustainable agricultural development, and protect the ecological environment.

Reducing nitrogen fertilizer usage coupled with organic substitution improves soil quality and boosts tea yield and quality in tea plantations.

The utilization of chemical fertilizers is a key measure for maintaining tea yield and quality, but excessive use has negative environmental impacts. The substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer has been promoted to sustain crop yield and soil quality. However, knowledge gaps regarding the effects of organic substitution on soil quality and tea yield in tea plantations still exist. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of organic substitution treatments (i.e. 25% partial substitution: biogas slurry + green manure + formula fertilizer, BFG; sheep manure + formula fertilizer, OFF; 100% complete substitution: sheep manure + green manure, OG) on the soil quality, tea yield and quality, and nitrogen utilization efficiency in southwestern China. Results showed that all organic substitution treatments slightly increased soil pH, and significantly increased soil organic matter by 13.22-14.88% compared to conventional fertilization (CF). The BFG treatment was the most effective in enhancing the soil quality index, showing increases of 16.80%, 8.37% and 24.87% higher than the CF, OFF and OG treatments, respectively. Tea yield significantly increased under the BFG, OFF and OG treatments by 11.97%, 13.58% and 5.90% compared to CF, respectively. The BFG treatment increased the amino acid content by 7.78% and decreased the tea polyphenol/amino acid ratio by 6.87%. Additionally, the BFG, OFF and OG treatments greatly increased the nitrogen utilization efficiency of young sprouts by 70.71%, 82.54% and 34.28%, respectively. Overall, partial organic substitution could effectively improve soil quality while maintaining tea yield. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Motion-free high-resolution on-chip microscopy using LED matrix

Lensless microscopy is an imaging technique that allows high-resolution imaging over a large field of view with a cost-effective design. Conventional lensless microscopy often utilizes multi-height phase retrieval and pixel-super-resolution algorithms to reconstruct high-resolution images, requiring mechanical stages for three-dimensional relative movements between a light source, camera, and sample. However, the excessive use of stages inevitably increases the bulkiness of the system and extends the image acquisition time. Here, we propose a motion-free lensless microscope that incorporates an RGB LED matrix array. A high-resolution holographic image is reconstructed from subpixel-shifted color images obtained with LED illuminations without any mechanical movement. Using a prototype system, we have demonstrated a spatial-bandwidth product of 30 megapixels with a resolution of 0.87 µm and a field of view of 24 mm2. The usability of the proposed method has been further tested for histopathologic examination. Our system features a compact and high-performance design with inexpensive optoelectronic elements, a conventional CMOS sensor and an LED matrix, which are well-aligned with the original design motivation of lensless imaging methods.