Excessive Use Of Mobile Phones Research Articles

Excessive Use of Mobile Phones and Social Networks Among Colombian University Students

INTRODUCTION: Social networks facilitate interactions among individuals, organizations, and communities. Their usage, especially among young people, has become increasingly widespread. This surge in usage has been linked to various impacts on individuals' daily lives and well-being, particularly in academic and emotional aspects. OBJECTIVES: This study seeks to examine the extent to which excessive use of social networks (SN) contributes to social isolation among undergraduate students aged 18 to 35, residing in the departments of Cundinamarca, Boyaca, and Meta in Colombia. This phenomenon is primarily due to problematic cell phone use. METHODS: We administered two established instruments: the "Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS-10)" adapted by Foerster et al. (2015), and the "Addiction to Social Networks Questionnaire " developed by Escurra & Salas (2014). Statistical analyses included descriptive techniques, multivariate Henze-Zirkler normality test, univariate Shapiro-Wilk test, as well as non-parametric methods such as Spearman's correlation and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: Key findings of this study include: (i) the identified intervention and mitigation strategies in the literature predominantly focus on prevention programs and family support with an emphasis on bolstering young people's self-esteem; (ii) 15.46% of the sample exhibited problematic cell phone use, with 25.96% indicating high intensity of social network use; (iii) significant differences were observed in relation to age and geographic location, while gender and socio-economic stratum did not exhibit a statistically significant impact; (iv) the statistical analysis demonstrated a positive and significant relationship with the dimensions of the Escurra & Salas (2014) instrument, namely Interest in Social Media (ISM), concern about lack of control (LC), and Excessive use of SN (EU). CONCLUSION: The Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS-10) emerges as a concise and effective tool for identifying problematic cell phone use, and its association with excessive social network usage underscores the interconnectedness of these behaviours. This research sheds light on the prevalence of these issues among Colombian university students and provides valuable insights for targeted intervention and support strategies, emphasizing the importance of bolstering self-esteem in youth.

4G mobile phone radiation alters some immunogenic and vascular gene expressions, and gross and microscopic and biochemical parameters in the chick embryo model.

The risks to human health have grown over the past 10 years due to the excessive use of mobile phones. The study was designed to determine the harmful effects of 4G mobile phone radiation on the expression of immunogenic and vascular genes and gross, microscopic and biochemical alterations in the development of chicken embryos. Sixty individuals in the exposure group were subjected to mobile phones with a specific absorption rate of 1.4W/kg and a frequency of 2100MHz positioned at a distance of 12cm in the incubator for 60min/night for 14 days. The histopathological examination involved hematoxylin and eosin staining, whereas cresyl violet staining was used to evaluate the condition and number of neurons in the brain. The biochemical parameters of amniotic fluid were analysed using the photometry method, and the expression of VEGF-A and immunity genes (AvBD9, IL6) was measured using the real-time PCR (qPCR) technique. Compared to the control, the exposure group's body weight and length significantly decreased (p<0.05). Subcutaneous bleeding was seen in the exposure group. Urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were all significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05). The exposed group showed pathological lesions in the liver and degenerated neurons with lightly stained nuclei in the cerebral cortex. Hyperchromatic neurons were significantly higher in the exposure group (58.8±2.28) compared to the control (6.6±0.44) (p<0.05). 4G exposure reduced lymphocyte count in the caecal tonsil (86.8±5.38) compared to the control (147.2±9.06) (p<0.05). Vascular gene mRNA expression was higher, but immune gene expression was lower in the exposed group. Exposure to mobile phone radiation may result in gross, microscopic and biochemical changes, as well as alterations in gene expression that could hinder embryonic development.

Comparison of Musculoskeletal Symptoms of Neck and Shoulder among Different Types of Hand Held Device Users

Background: Prolonged and forceful utilization of hand-held devices has contributed to a global increase in upper extremity and cervical musculoskeletal disorders. These pathologies are directly associated with excessive use of mobile phones and similar devices. Aim: To evaluate the impact of diverse hand-held devices on musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms in the neck and shoulder and investigate the relation between usage duration and MSK symptoms in the neck and shoulder region. Methods: This study utilized an observational design with a self-structured questionnaire approved by the Department of Physical Therapy at Sargodha Medical College. The sample consisted of 300 young adults aged 21 to 28 years, selected through convenient sampling across different academic years. Data collection involved the distribution of a comprehensive questionnaire, ensuring meticulous responses and privacy. Inclusive criteria included 2nd to final year students, while exclusions maintained homogenity. Results: Among the 300 participants, 76% experienced musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck and shoulder regions, while 24% were asymptomatic. Specifically, 57% reported pain, 16% had numbness, 5% experienced cramping, and 22% felt stiffness. Moreover, 55% of the total population reported some level of pain on Visual Analog Scale, while 45% were pain-free. The study highlights the need for ergonomic design considerations in hand-held devices to minimize the risk of musculoskeletal symptoms in neck and shoulder regions. The findings can guide development of user education programs and workplace interventions to promote proper posture and exercises for individuals using hand-held devices, thereby reducing musculoskeletal discomfort. Conclusion: Excessive utilization of handheld devices is intricately associated with cervico-brachial discomfort, revealing correlations between device typology, duration of usage, postural alignments, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Keywords: Hand-held devices, musculoskeletal symptoms, neck and shoulder discomfort

Comparison of Musculoskeletal Symptoms of Neck and Shoulder among Different Types of Hand Held Device Users

Introduction: Prolonged and forceful utilization of hand-held devices has contributed to a global increase in upper extremity and cervical musculoskeletal disorders. These pathologies are directly associated with the excessive use of mobile phones, tablets, and similar devices. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of diverse hand-held devices on musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms in the neck and shoulder and investigate the relation between usage duration and MSK symptoms in the neck and shoulder region. Materials and Methods: This study utilized an observational design with a self-structured questionnaire approved by the Department of Physical Therapy at Sargodha Medical College. The sample consisted of 300 young adults aged 21 to 28 years, selected through convenient sampling across different academic years. Data collection involved the distribution of a comprehensive questionnaire, ensuring meticulous responses and privacy. Inclusive criteria included 2nd to final year students, while exclusions maintained homogeneity. Rigorous standards were followed, enhancing reliability and validity, and facilitating a comprehensive exploration of musculoskeletal health in the medical college student population. Results: Among the 300 participants, 76% experienced musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck and shoulder regions, while 24% were asymptomatic. Specifically, 57% reported pain, 16% had numbness, 5% experienced cramping, and 22% felt stiffness. Moreover, 55% of the total population reported some level of pain on the Visual Analog Scale, while 45% were pain-free. Conclusion: Excessive utilization of handheld devices is intricately associated with cervico-brachial discomfort, revealing correlations between device typology, duration of usage, postural alignments, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Keywords: hand-held devices, musculoskeletal symptoms, neck and shoulder discomfort

Mobile phones and children: exposure and pattern of usage of mobile phones among children - a descriptive cross-sectional study

Background: Mobile phone as an invention of the modern world has managed to penetrate not only the most distant parts of the world but also various age groups in a person’s life. There is a need to evaluate the children’ interactions with these modern devices as they might have a significant effect on their behavior, sleep patterns, and psychological addiction. Objectives of the research were: to study the socio demographic characteristics of children using mobile phones, to determine the average time duration of exposure to mobile phones, and to determine the age of initial exposure to mobile phones. Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional observational study. The study was conducted at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital. All the children between the age group of 0-12 years visiting the pediatric outpatient department fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Results: Of the 248 children enrolled in the study mobile phone exposure was found in 143 (57.66%) boys and 105 (42.34%) girls. 67.74% of the parents agreed that the mobile phones were being used by their children just for fun without any intended or specific use. 26% of the times it was used to engage the children when the parents were busy. 30.24% of the kids had a screen time of less than 30 minutes on a daily basis. 23.39% of the children were used to the screen for more than 2 hours in a day, on a cumulative basis. It was noted that more than 50% of children were exposed to mobile phones within 1 year of age. The earliest age of exposure to mobile phone was 2 months of age. Conclusions: Regardless of the socioeconomic status the accessibility and the owning of the mobile phones is same across the socioeconomic strata. The need of the hour is to raise awareness among the parents regarding the excessive use of mobile phones among children and their possible adverse impacts on physical and psychosocial health.

Correlation of mobile phone usage on grip strength, disabilities and posture in young adults

Background: The musculoskeletal issues are now common in excessive use of mobile phone for communication, gamming and socialization on internet. The excessive use of mobile phone may decrease the muscle strength and lead to poor posture ultimately functional impairment related to upper extremity. Objective: to determine correlation among duration of mobile phone usage, neck posture, disabilities and hand grip strength. Methods: A correlational cross sectional study was done at Riphah International University Lahore from March 2020 to February 2021. The target population was male and female young students of 18 to 24 years, used mobile phone more than 6 hours in a day. A total of n=400 subjectsarticipated in the study in which n=235 were females and n=165 were males. The information was gathered using the DASH Questionnaire to identify upper limb problems, the photogrammetry method to determine the cervical angle, and a dynamometer to determine the strength of each hand's grasp. The pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was done by using SPSS version 21. Result: The mean age of the study participant was 20.99±2.34 years. A total of n=165(41.25%) were male and remaining n=235 were female participated in the study. Increase use of mobile had negative significant small correlation with degree of cervical angle (p=0.04), right hand grip strength (p=0.01) and positive significant small correlation with DASH score (0.01). While no significant correlation between daily use of mobile phone and left hand grip strength Conclusion: The study concluded that as the duration of mobile phone usage increased, the forward head posture and disabilities of the upper limb also increased. But the grip strength of right hand decreased as the mobile phone duration is increased. Key words: Correlation, disabilities, female, grip strength, mobile phone, male, posture.

A study to assess the knowledge regarding impact of excessive use of mobile phone with internet among mothers of adolescent age group in selected urban area of Udupi with a view to develop information booklet

Descriptive research designs with descriptive survey approach were used to evaluate the knowledge regarding Impact of excessive use of mobile phone with internet among mothers of adolescent age group in selected urban area of Udupi District. view of nature of the problem and accomplish the objectives of the study, a structured self administered knowledge questionnaire was prepared to assess the knowledge of mothers of adolescent age group in selected urban area and later the informational booklet was given. Reliability of the tool was tested and validity was ensured in consultation with guides and experts in field of Nursing and Medicine. The study was conducted in Kaup Urban area, Udupi. 100 mothers were selected by purposive sampling technique. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data. Collected data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The present study revealed that the mean obtained for Overall knowledge scores of mothers 72 (72%) subjects had poor knowledge level and 28 (28%) subjects had moderate knowledge on impact of excessive use of mobile with internet. Area-wise analysis of Knowledge of mothers regarding impact of excessive use of mobile with internet shows that the mean percentages of overall knowledge obtained by the respondents are 46.5 percent with a SD of 7.17.Only educational status variable had significant association with knowledge scores and other variables didn’t had any association. So, research hypothesis is accepted only for educational status and null hypothesis is accepted for other variables like age, religion, family income, occupation, husband occupation, number of children, previous information and source of information. Interpretation and conclusion The study revealed that majority of mothers had lack of knowledge regarding impact of excessive use of mobile phone with internet. Hence there is a need to improve knowledge of the regarding Impact of excessive use of mobile phone with internet through informational booklet. There was statistically significant association found between knowledge score and educational status variables.

A study to assess the knowledge regarding impact of excessive use of mobile phone with internet among mothers of adolescent age group in selected urban area of Udupi with a view to develop information booklet

A study to assess the knowledge regarding impact of excessive use of mobile phone with internet among mothers of adolescent age group in selected urban area of Udupi with a view to develop information booklet

DAMPAK HANDPHONE PADA SISWA DI SMA NEGERI 1 HARAU

Mobile is a long-distance communication tool that is in the form of a mini and can be carried anywhere. Mobile is very much useful if we can use it properly. If we misuse it, the negative impact will be much more that will occur. Mobile in this modern era is like a staple food for every group, especially students. The purpose of this study was to see the impact of mobile applications on student behavior at SMA 1 Harau. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, namely a study with field observations, then describes the data that has been analyzed to draw conclusions. Collecting data by way of observation and interviews. The results of the study show that students spend more time with mobile phones than other useful activities, causing students to become addicted to mobile phones. Excessive use of mobile phones has negative impacts such as starting to become addicted to the internet, games, and so on. Most students feel preoccupied with games on their cellphones compared to interacting with their friends in the real world. Often by holding a cellphone, sometimes there are students who don't listen to the words of their parents and some are even angry with their parents when talking to them. The positive side of using a cellphone is very much if we are smart at operating cellphone applications properly. With mobile phones we can communicate long distances, can be used for entertainment when we are bored, add friends, find out information faster, and so on.&#x0D; &#x0D;

The Impact of Education in Psychological Behaviour about Social Media Platforms and its Impact on Human Mental Health

Purpose- Using social media is rapidly evolving into an integral part of everyday life. Addiction to social media use can develop disproportionate and irrational use. The primary objective of this research was to determine if psychological factors, namely, loneliness, anxiety, peer influence, addition of mobile phones, stress, depression, self-esteem and environment are positively associated with the psychological well-being of university students. Methodology- The present research is primary and descriptive in nature. The sample size of the study is 286. The responses obtained from college and university students studying in Pune, Maharashtra. The responses from students obtained through structured questionnaire. The various statistical tools through use of SPSS Software applied, namely, descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis. The conceptual model also framed for the study. Findings- The majority of male participative in the study. The most influential factor found in the study was addition of mobile phones. Second most influential variable was depression and also peer influence found least in the study. Social implications- Future research can be performed by reducing excessive use of mobile phones and thereby try to reduce anxiety, stress and depression among college and university students. Originality-To further ensure a representative sample and investigate whether or not advancing age has an impact on social media use, future research can broaden its reach of sampling.

Metaphorical Connotations of Preservice Teachers on the Concept of Nomophobia

The diversity of temporal needs in the world has increased the people's rate of communication and interaction. Many factors play a role in increasing the rate of communication and interaction. One of these factors is mobile devices. It can be said that various mobile devices have features that affect human life in many dimensions in today's world. Therefore, these devices have a very important place for individual and social sustainability. Mobile phones are the most important of the various mobile devices in the globalizing world. The excessive use of mobile phones has produced the concept of nomophobia, which is a new type of addiction in the world. In this study, based on this type of disorder, it was aimed to determine the metaphorical connotations of preservice teachers regarding the concept of nomophobia. In this study, which was carried out with a qualitative research method and a phenomenological design, the study group members were asked an open-ended question in the form of "Nomophobia is like ……….…… because …………… ." and by which, the metaphorical connotations of the preservice teachers were aimed to be determined. The analysis of their answers revealed that the preservice teachers had remarkable metaphorical connotations regarding the concept of nomophobia. The connotations compiled in the study were combined under certain themes by the researchers and presented in the findings section.

Adaptation of the Phubbing Scale and of the Generic Scale of Being Phubbed for the Portuguese population

Excessive, abusive, or inappropriate use of mobile phones can have a negative effect on interpersonal relationships. This study aims to adapt the Phubbing Scale (PS) and the Generic Scale of Being Phubbed (GSBP) for the Portuguese population, establishing the convergent validity of the instruments with others that assess approximate constructs, such as the Partner Phubbing Scale (PPS)and the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), and investigate the differences and/or relationships between sociodemographic variables, mobile phone usage variables and the PS and the GSBP. This is a cross sectional study, including 641 participants, aged between 18-71 (M=27.91; SD=10.60). The Portuguese version of the PS kept the number of items and factors, however, distributed differently from the original version. The Portuguese version of the GSBP kept the structure proposed by the authors of the original version. The correlations obtained by both scales with other instruments ensured convergent validity. Differences were found in the values of the scales according to some sociodemographic variables and some variables regarding mobile phone use. The findings provide culturally adapted and validated two instruments and are helpful to researchers to assess this phenomenon and intervene in a timely manner.

The effect of mobile phone addiction on perceived stress and mediating role of ruminations: Evidence from Chinese and Czech university students.

The rise in the capabilities of mobile devices and the associated increase in the proportion of time we spend on them has not only positive benefits but also several risks, including mobile phone addiction and its consequences. The complex mechanisms of the impact of this addiction on mental health, especially in a cross-cultural context, however, remain relatively unknown. The aim of this cross-cultural study was to investigate the mediating role of rumination on the association between mobile phone addiction and perceived stress. A population of 358 Chinese and 282 Czech university students was tested using a battery of validated psychological tests that included a short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale, the Ruminative Response Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale. The results showed significant cross-cultural differences with Czech students manifesting greater rumination (d = 0.79) and perceived stress (d = 0.42) and Chinese students showing greater mobile phone addiction (d = 1.01). Mediation analyses showed that the effect of mobile phone addiction on stress levels was mediated through the rumination in both populations (45.6% and 80.9% of the explained variance for Chinese and Czech students, respectively) and did not differ between the two countries (estimate of difference [95%CI] = -0.052[-0.166, 0.037], p = 0.27). In contrast, the significant direct effect of mobile phone addiction on perceived stress was only present in Chinese students, where it was marginally larger than the indirect effect. In Czech students, the direct effect was not manifested and the difference between countries was significant (estimate of difference [95%CI] = 0.242 [0.035, 0.413], p < 0.001). In all of the cases, the association between the variables was positive, i.e., as one grew, so did the other. Finally, a moderated-mediation analysis confirmed that country of origin significantly moderated only the direct relationship between mobile phone dependence and perceived stress (p = 0.002). These results suggest that the mechanism of interaction between excessive mobile phone use and perceived stress is culturally conditioned, which may limit the transferability of research findings in a global context and requires further cross-cultural studies.

The influence of mobile phone use on students’ academic behavior in higher education

&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Smartphones have become an inextricable element of life in the twenty-first century. Since there is little research on the relationship between mobile phone use and academic behavior among students in local universities, hence, the current study sought to study the relationship between these two variables in the context of Malaysian higher education. The data from 435 students who answered an online Google Form of survey sent through a WhatsApp link was collected and analyzed using a descriptive correlational research approach. The results indicated that male students displayed a higher level of mobile phone use than female students in higher education. The study also found that negative phone use had a negative relationship with academic behavior, and positive phone use contributed to positive academic behavior. Regression analysis confirmed that excessive mobile phone use and mobile addiction had a higher impact on academic behavior, however, proper mobile use has a positive impact on academic behavior among the students in higher education. The study implies that all the universities need to have better guidelines to regulate the use of mobile phone in the classroom. Overall, the findings are useful in facilitating the monitoring of the proper use of mobile phone for enhancement of learning in tertiary institutions.&lt;/span&gt;

The relationship between physical exercise and mobile phone addiction among Chinese college students: Testing mediation and moderation effects.

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, suspensions of activities and long periods of self-isolation led to a sharp increase in excessive use of mobile phones, which sparked public concern about mobile phone addiction (MPA). In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to physical exercise as a protective effect of MPA. However, more studies are needed to reveal this relationship and the exact mechanisms, based on which this study tested the mediating and moderating roles of self-control, rumination, psychological distress, and loneliness between physical exercise and MPA.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, primary data was collected by questionnaire from 1,843 college students (19.75 ± 1.3) from five universities in Sichuan Province in Mainland China. Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS), Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), Self-Control Scale (SCS), Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-20) were investigated. The mediating models were examined using SPSS PROCESS macro 3.3 software, in which the mediation variables were self-control, rumination, and psychological distress, and the moderation was loneliness. Gender, major, and grade were included as control variables.ResultSelf-control, rumination, and psychological distress played a simple mediating role between physical exercise and MPA. Moreover, not only self-control and rumination but also self-control and psychological distress played the chain mediating roles between physical exercise and MPA. The chain pathways were moderated by loneliness. Specifically, the effect was more substantial among college students with higher loneliness.ConclusionThe conclusions corroborate and clarify that self-control, rumination, and psychological distress mediated the association between physical exercise and MPA, and the mediation effects were moderated via loneliness. This present study advanced our understanding of how and when college students’ physical exercise was related to MPA. It also illustrates that educators and parents should pay more attention to college students’ physical exercise.

An Ayurvedic Approach to Inner Ear Diseases

Ear is one among the sense organs, which keeps one connected to other and with the surroundings. Ear functions the conversion of sound waves into electrochemical impulses and maintains the sense of balance. In the present era, increased technology has resulted in change in lifestyle like increased use of ear phones or headsets, excessive use of mobile phones, exposure to loud noise, and modern pub culture etc which has made the ears more sensitive to many problems. This can be either hearing disorders or tinnitus or vertigo which can have an adverse effect on our lives, which remains the most challenging to treat in contemporary science. Ayurveda gives detailed explanation regarding ear diseases, where in it covers all the diseases pertaining to external as well as internal ear. Therefore, while looking into the classification of these diseases, no such explanation is given separately for Abhyantara karna rogas, but a special attention is given for the explanation of ear lobe diseases (Karna pali rogas). In this article an effort is made to understand these major inner ear problems with those of ear disorders explained in ayurveda with their specific etiology, clinical features and the management with respect to the contemporary science

Yoga and attention

In modern times, people are suffering from numerous types of difficulties. Stress and mental problems have become part of one's life. Excessive use of mobile phones, other electronic devices, and drug intake has caused many cognitive and mental problems. Attention, memory, and cognitive functions are affected by electronic and digital devices. Previous studies have shown that yoga can reduce stress and anxiety and improve cognitive functions such as attention and memory. The patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome search strategy was used to identify the keywords. Using the key words “yoga and attention,” 285 studies were identified from three databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct) and a search engine (Google Scholar). For discussion, 18 studies were included in the review. There was a wide range of age groups where the effectiveness of yoga on attention had been researched. This systematic review also revealed that attention in children also depends on memory development and anxiety. The particular study on the systematic reviews showed the high effectiveness of yoga, yogic exercises, mindfulness, and other yogic techniques on the level of attention among children. The study also revealed the coexistence of attention with memory development.

Evaluation of a Brief Intervention to Reduce Mobile Phone Use in College Students

Objectives Excessive mobile phone use contributes to distracted driving, may increase risk for automobile accidents, and a minority of mobile phone users exhibit behaviors consistent with technological addiction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cell phone beliefs and behaviors could be changed by a brief educational encounter. The Theory of Reasoned Action provided a lens for viewing attitudes and behavior. Methods A one-week pre-post design with a thirty-day follow-up was used with participants (N = 215, 67.0% female, age = 20.0 + 1.6) assigned to a peer-led intervention or comparison group. The intervention included cell phone educational materials regarding the potential for negative health effects of mobile phone use. A short index of cell phone behavior was developed which showed good internal consistency with a Cronbach’s α of .81. Results The intervention group “agreed” or “strongly-agreed” more than the comparison group on five of the seven areas of cell phone beliefs and behaviors ( P &lt; 0.05, item Cohen’s d = .32 to .47, total d = .50) at one week following receipt of educational materials. Conclusions We conclude that attitudes and behaviors regarding mobile phones are malleable and susceptible to change in young adults following a brief psychoeducational intervention.

Smartphone Addiction Factors Effecting University Student Performance

Smartphone addiction is a growing social issue globally, especially among young consumers. Few studies have examined the role of smartphone addiction and student performance in Pakistan. However, how daily life disturbance, positive anticipation, withdrawal, cyberspace orientation, overuse, tolerance, and student academic performance has not been examined in the literature in Pakistan. The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of daily life disturbance, positive anticipation, withdrawal, cyberspace orientation, overuse, and tolerance on student academic performance. The study has adopted a self-administered survey-based approach. A total of 375 responses were gathered from the university students in Pakistan. The study has used SPSS 25.0 version to analyse the data and report the findings. The findings indicate that ‘overuse’ has the most indirect effect on students’ performance, followed by Cyberspace and oriented relationship, tolerance, positive anticipation, and daily life disturbance. The study demands a particular intervention by the students to self-regulate their behaviour. Parents and teachers play their role in controlling mobile addiction. Policymakers may introduce policy-related interventions to control the excessive use of mobile phones. The study lays down future directions and discusses the limitations towards the end.

The Impact of Handphone Use on Character Development of Children in Elementary School

Uncontrolled use of mobile phones will negatively impact children's development, especially character development. Children who only focus on cellphones, such as playing games and social media, will neglect their responsibilities and discipline. This study aimed to analyze the impact of using mobile phones on the development of children's character at elementary school age, especially in the fifth grade of elementary school, using descriptive qualitative methods. The methods used to collect data are observation, interview, and documentation. The instrument used to collect data is a questionnaire. In this study, eight parents and two classroom teachers became sources of information. The technique used to analyze the data is descriptive qualitative analysis with triangulation techniques. The study results are that excessive use of cell phones impacts children. There are positive and negative impacts. The positive impact is that students can look for various sources of information and can communicate remotely with their friends. Meanwhile, the negative impacts can disrupt children's development, such as discipline, responsibility, and socializing inability. It can be concluded that excessive use of mobile phones can disrupt the development of children's character at elementary school age, especially in the fifth grade of elementary school.