Excessive Doses Research Articles

Size-dependent dose estimation applied to 177Lu and 90Y -DOTATATE using ICRP Phantoms Nuclear Science and Engineering

Purpose: radiolabeled peptide has attracted growing interests for neuroendocrine cancer therapy. We aim to calculate S-values of Lu-177, In-111 and Y-90 in different size of International commission of radiation protection (ICRP) male and female phantoms for pre-estimation of absorbed dose in critical target organs using Monte Carlo simulation to see the extent of difference. Materials and methods: We employed the most advanced hybrid ICRP phantom and used its different male and females BMIs to resemble reality. Twenty different size of ICRP male and female phantoms were generated. GATE code was used to perform dosimetry calculations. Spline, bladder, kidneys, and liver were chosen as the source organs and the S- values were calculated in interested target organs for twenty different body mass indexes (BMIs). Results: The S-values in both self-absorptions and target organs were dramatically lower for 177Lu -DOTATATE compared to 90Y-DOTATATE. The highest difference between the absorption in kidneys is for BMI of 24.3. The highest S-value in bladder from bladder is 0.01 mGy/MBq.s in BMI of 34.4 for 177Lu-DOTATATE, whereas it is 0.0049 mGy/MBq.s in BMIs of 34.4 for 90Y-DOTATATE. It was found that dose per unit cumulated activity had a tendency to decrease with BMI. Conclusion: Variability in 177Lu -DOTATATE and 90Y-DOTATATE dosimetry across morphometrically different patients are important in optimizing therapy protocols and research studies. Using size-dependent phantoms for dosimetry, estimations more accurate dose per cumulated activity relative to standard reference dosimetry. To prevent excessive dosage to patients, it is important to consider the relationship between body size and dose.

Optimization of Scale Inhibitor Addition Scheme and Control of Phosphorus Content in External Cooling System of Synchronous Condenser

Scaling is one of the common problems in circulating cooling water systems, which can significantly affect the cooling efficiency of equipment in severe cases. At present, the problem of scaling is usually controlled by adding water treatment agents. However, taking the external cooling system of the synchronous condenser in an ultra-high-voltage converter station as an example, due to the lack of scientific understanding of scale inhibitors, there is often a problem of excessive dosing, resulting in unsatisfactory scale inhibition effects and difficulties in wastewater treatment and discharge. In addition, the extensive use of phosphorus-containing agents has led to the enrichment of phosphorus elements in water bodies. Therefore, the optimal amount of AS-582 scale inhibitor used in the converter station with the best scale inhibition effect was determined through static calcium carbonate deposition experiments, with the scale inhibition rate of 91.4% at 90 mg/L. And the scale inhibition mechanism was explored, where the lattice distortion mechanism and threshold effect play important roles. The AS-582 scale inhibitor was mixed with two green scale inhibitors, PASP and PESA, to obtain a phosphorus reduction formula that combined excellent scale inhibition performance and low phosphorus content. When using the optimal composite scale inhibitor of n(AS-582):n(PASP):n(PESA) = 4:1:1, the scale inhibition rate is 91.8% and the phosphorus content is reduced by one-third. The effectiveness of the formula was tested using dynamic circulating water experimental equipment under practical application conditions, proving its practical value.

Acute Sophora alkaloid poisoning in Hong Kong.

Sophora alkaloids, including matrine, oxymatrine, and sophoridine, are quinolizidines found in plants used in traditional Chinese medicine such as Sophora flavescens and Sophora tonkinensis. Reports on acute Sophora alkaloid poisoning in humans outside of mainland China are lacking. This study aimed to characterize the clinical presentations, management, and outcomes of acute poisoning involving Sophora alkaloids in Hong Kong. We conducted a retrospective study of patients who were reported to the Hong Kong Poison Control Centre from all public emergency departments (EDs) in Hong Kong for acute poisoning involving Sophora alkaloids. Exposure was confirmed by laboratories, and data were collected between July 1, 2008 and June 30, 2021. We also analyzed patient demographics, clinical, management, and outcome characteristics. Among the 83 cases analyzed, S. flavescens was the major source (77.1%) of Sophora alkaloids and excessive dose was common (39.0%). Most patients (90.4%) had minor effects. Common clinical presentations were dizziness (83.1%), vomiting (72.3%), and palpitations (32.5%). No acute liver or kidney injuries or adverse skin reactions were observed. Treatment was primarily supportive and no patients underwent gastrointestinal decontamination, organ support treatment, or renal replacement therapy. Most patients (74.7%) were observed in the ED and only one required close monitoring in a cardiac care unit for prolonged QT interval after concurrent ciprofloxacin use. In contrast to the intravenous administration of S. flavescens, no adverse skin reactions were seen after oral consumption. Hepatoxicity, reported in in vitro and animal studies, and isolated human case reports, was not observed. In conclusion, excessive dose of S. flavescens is a common cause of acute Sophora alkaloid poisoning. Although most patients had mild symptoms, discrepancies in clinical presentations resulting from different formulations and varied experimental/clinical conditions call for further studies to evaluate the real-world risks of skin reactions and hepatoxicity of Sophora alkaloids.

Tranexamic dosing for major joint arthroplasty in adult patients with chronic kidney disease: A pharmacokinetic study and new dosing regimen.

Tranexamic acid is an anti-fibrinolytic agent routinely used during hip and knee joint replacement surgery to minimize bleeding. Chronic kidney disease is a common chronic health problem seen among adults requiring major arthroplasty surgery. Tranexamic acid is renally cleared and may accumulate in chronic kidney disease. Optimal tranexamic acid dosing and dose adjustment for chronic kidney disease patients needing major arthroplasty is unknown. The objective of this study was to serially measure plasma tranexamic acid concentrations in patients with varied kidney function undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery for population pharmacokinetic modelling and to guide new dosing recommendations. Prospective cohort study enrolled 21 adults undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery between June 2020 - September 2022. Based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), patients were stratified into good (≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and poor (< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) renal function. Serial blood samples were taken to measure plasma tranexamic acid concentration levels (primary outcome) after an intravenous tranexamic acid 20 mg/kg bolus dose post anesthesia induction. Secondary clinical outcomes included adverse events (thromboembolic events, seizures), red cell transfusion, mortality, length of hospital stay. Analyses used curve stripping and population pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation. Plasma tranexamic acid concentration levels were higher in patients with poor renal function and clearance compared to good renal function. Population pharmacokinetic modelling tested various tranexamic acid bolus and maintenance infusion regimens. Simulations revealed single bolus tranexamic acid administration leads to rapid rise and decline in plasma concentrations. We identified that plasma tranexamic acid levels of 50-75 mg/L were maintained for approximately 4 hours using a tranexamic acid bolus infusion of 15 mg/kg over 15 min together with a maintenance infusion of 7.5 mg/kg/h or 5 mg/kg/h for 2 hours for the good and poor renal function groups, respectively. There was no difference in secondary outcomes. Using population pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation, we recommend a new dosing regimen to optimize the anti-fibrinolytic effect of tranexamic acid and avoid excessive dosing.

Enhancing Aqueous Solubility and Anticancer Efficacy of Oligochitosan-Folate-Cisplatin Conjugates through Oleic Acid Grafting for Targeted Nanomedicine Development.

Oligochitosan is an anticancer water-soluble biomaterial. Conjugating cisplatin (anticancer drug) and folic acid (targeting ligand) with oligochitosan reduces its aqueous solubility, thus requiring excessive drug dose to be biologically active and organic instead of aqueous processing into nanomedicine. Covalent grafting of oleic acid onto oligochitosan-folate-cisplatin conjugate is envisaged to promote aqueous solubility via reducing interchain interaction, but it is challenging where multiple functional moieties are covalently attached onto a short oligomer (<5 kDa). This study produced oligochitosan-oleate-folate-cisplatin conjugate dissolvable in aqueous media pH 3-7, which represents common processing pH in drug vehicle development and tumor microenvironmental pHs. Oligochitosan-oleate conjugation was effected through O-acylation to provide amino groups of oligochitosan for folate and cisplatin grafting. Oligochitosan-folate-cisplatin conjugate was poorly soluble in aqueous and organic media. A degree of oleic acid substitution (DS) < 10% conferred aqueous solubility beyond which became less soluble due to hydrophobicity rise. Oligochitosan-oleate-folate-cisplatin conjugate with 4.51 ± 0.32% DS, 8.50 ± 0.57% folate content, and 0.94 ± 0.80% cisplatin content was dissolvable in aqueous media pH 3.3-7, conferring processing safety with improved cancer cytotoxicity in the nanoparticulate form at the acidic tumor microenvironment.

Radioactive contamination of southeast Abai oblast, Kazakhstan, from the Chinese nuclear weapons testing program at Lop Nor: an analytical review.

Between 1949 and 1962 the Soviet Union performed atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (SNTS) in Kazakhstan, resulting in widespread contamination of the surrounding region with radioactive fallout. Settlements in the southeast Abai oblast of Kazakhstan, close to the border with China, are not thought to have received significant fallout from the SNTS. There is, however, evidence that the study area, including Makanchi, Urdzhar and Taskesken villages, was contaminated by atmospheric nuclear tests performed by China at the Lop Nor NTS between 1964 and 1980. We identified the most reliable data indicating contamination from the Lop Nor tests from archive documents. Prompt sampling of soil performed in the area revealed elevated levels of total beta activity in the days and weeks following the Lop Nor tests. The highest activities were recorded following the thermonuclear tests in June 1967 and June 1973. Tooth enamel dosimetry using electron paramagnetic resonance methods suggests residents of the study area have been exposed to excess doses of 50-60mGy but provides no information on the source and timing of exposure. Currently, evidence of contamination of the study area from nuclear weapons testing at Lop Nor is based on limited radiation measurement data. Therefore, work will continue on the search for archival data on radiological and meteorological monitoring carried out in the study area at the time of the Lop Nor testing campaign.

Mercury pollution control and Marphysa sanguinea bio-response in active-capped sediment with calcium alginate/activated carbon composite.

Anthropogenic and industrial activities have released large amounts of mercury (Hg) into the hydrosphere. Hg ultimately deposits in sediments and could be re-released into the water environment, threatening the ecological system. Active capping is considered a suitable remediation method due to its relatively low cost and in-situ decontamination feasibility. Powder activated carbon (PAC) is commonly applied as an active capping material; gelation could increase PAC's particle size to facilitate separation of GAC from sediment. Nevertheless, gelation may impact the benthic ecosystem. This work prepared calcium alginate-PAC beads (CaA/P) as an active capping material to comprehend the adverse effects of calcium-alginate-gelation on a benthic bioindicator (i.e., Marphysa sanguinea). Sequential extraction procedure results indicate over 90 % of Hg in the contaminated sediments remained in the residual phase. PAC capping shows positive results with over 60 % survival and the same weight of biotas at 3 % and 10 % capping dosage. However, capping with a 10 % dosage of CaA/P lowers the pH to that below a tolerable value (7.5) for Marphysa sanguinea, impacting its survival. Overall, though CaA/P has a separable particle size (≈ 2 mm) in sediment, capping with an excess dosage (10 %) of it impacts the organism's survival.

Non-medicinal oral contrast in upper abdominal MRI for MR-guided radiotherapy: A scoping review.

Using non-medicinal oral contrast agents may aid safe delivery of magnetic resonance image-guided (MR-guided) radiotherapy by improving the ability to visualise and avoid excessive radiation dose to adjacent bowel/stomach. This scoping review aims to map the literature on non-medicinal oral contrasts used in upper-abdominal diagnostic or therapeutic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to find potential candidates for employing in MR-guided radiotherapy and identify gaps in knowledge for further study. A scoping review of non-medicinal oral contrast used in upper-abdominal MRI research followed a pre-defined protocol based on Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Data were charted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews reporting guidelines. Forty-seven studies from 1955 screened abstracts were charted. Thirty-one distinct non-medicinal oral contrast were identified, used primarily to enhance tissue visualisation (89%) or observe motility (11%) in diagnostic studies. All studies reported to be predominantly quantitative; only 13% included participant experience via questionnaires and none used qualitative methods. No studies have examined the efficacy of non-medicinal oral contrasts in MR-guided radiotherapy planning or delivery. Non-medicinal oral contrasts have been extensively investigated in diagnostic MRI to enhance gastrointestinal visualisation and assess motility. However, non-medicinal oral contrasts have not been investigated in the context of radiotherapy planning and treatment. Qualitative evaluation of the patient experience of non-medicinal oral contrasts in magnetic resonance image-guided radiotherapy should be considered alongside studies quantifying the potential clinical benefit. This review summarises the properties of non-medicinal oral contrasts and identifies critical gaps in the current evidence, particularly the absence of qualitative research in this domain and the unexplored potential for their application in MR-guided radiotherapy planning and delivery.

Chemicals and Amounts Used Against Fungal Infections During Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Egg Incubation Period

This review examines the effectiveness and dosages of chemical and herbal disinfectants used against fungal infections encountered by trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs during incubation. Formalin, potassium permanganate and copper sulfate are prominent chemicals among disinfectants. Formalin provides effective antifungal treatment when used in concentrations of 1000-2000 ppm, but it can have toxic effects in excessive doses. Potassium permanganate can control fungal pathogens when applied at concentrations of 1-5 ppm, but it can have negative effects on fish at high doses. Copper sulfate helps prevent fungal infections when applied at a dosage of 0.5-1 ppm. Herbal disinfectants include tea tree oil, thyme oil and garlic extracts. It has been observed that tea tree oil and thyme oil can be effective against fungal infections when used at 0.5-1%. It has been determined that garlic extracts can reduce fungal infections when used at 1-2% on trout eggs. Plant-based disinfectants are compounds that generally have lower toxicity and may reduce adverse environmental impacts, but their effectiveness may be variable compared to chemical disinfectants. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of chemical alternatives and developing more sustainable methods.

Complexities in Assessing Health Risks of Anabolic Steroid Abuse

The misuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has been linked to a broad spectrum of adverse effects, ranging from mild symptoms like acne and gynecomastia to severe health risks, including cardiovascular complications. However, establishing causality for these outcomes is hindered by significant methodological limitations in many studies, which often rely on case reports, uncontrolled cohorts, or retrospective analyses. Additionally, numerous confounding factors complicate the interpretation of results, such as the use of counterfeit or adulterated drugs, excessive dosing, prolonged use, polypharmacy, and the absence of medical oversight. This letter raises critical considerations for analyzing the health effects of AAS misuse, emphasizing the need to account for pre-existing health conditions, drug quality, dosing regimens, and concurrent substance use. Factors such as the duration of supraphysiological dosing, lifetime exposure, and whether users were monitored by healthcare professionals are crucial in evaluating risks. The chaotic and uncontrolled context of AAS abuse, often marked by high doses and the simultaneous use of legal and illegal substances, presents significant challenges to identifying specific causal relationships. While the dangers of prolonged, unsupervised AAS misuse are well-documented, attributing precise causality to AAS in adverse health events remains complex. This discussion underscores the importance of robust methodologies and critical evaluation in future research to better understand the health risks associated with AAS and to mitigate potential harm.

Over-supplement of vitamin D may cause delirium, abdominal distension, and muscle weakness in the elderly: A case report and literature review

Rationale: Vitamin D deficiency is common among the elderly due to limited sunlight exposure, increasing osteoporosis risk. Over-supplementation poses risks, especially with caregiver involvement. Patient concerns: Rising vitamin D overdose cases underscore the need for better education on safe intake and monitoring practices to prevent toxicity, particularly hypercalcemia from excessive doses. Diagnoses: This case report details the clinical presentation and management of a woman who exhibited progressive lower limb weakness, delirium, and abdominal distension over a 3-day period. Initial assessments ruled out intracranial hemorrhage but revealed significant electrolyte imbalances, including hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and severe hypercalcemia. Upon further inquiry, it was discovered that the patient had consumed an excessive amount of liquid Vitamin D3 over the preceding 3 weeks, surpassing the threshold for vitamin D intoxication. Interventions: Intravenous fluid hydration was initiated to promote calcium excretion. Bisphosphonates and calcitonin were administered to reduce serum calcium levels. Electrolyte imbalances, including hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia, were corrected. Continuous monitoring and supportive care were provided in the geriatric ward. Outcomes: After these treatments, the patient’s electrolyte levels stabilized, and her symptoms, such as confusion and muscle weakness, gradually improved, leading to a full recovery. Lessons: This case underscores the importance of recognizing hypercalcemia, particularly in the elderly, where symptoms may manifest nonspecifically. Additionally, it highlights the potential risks associated with medication errors and inadvertent overdoses, particularly in situations involving elderly spousal caregivers.

Development of a low-dose strategy for propagation-based imaging helical computed tomography (PBI-HCT): high image quality and reduced radiation dose

Background. Propagation-based imaging computed tomography (PBI-CT) has been recently emerging for visualizing low-density materials due to its excellent image contrast and high resolution. Based on this, PBI-CT with a helical acquisition mode (PBI-HCT) offers superior imaging quality (e.g., fewer ring artifacts) and dose uniformity, making it ideal for biomedical imaging applications. However, the excessive radiation dose associated with high-resolution PBI-HCT may potentially harm objects or hosts being imaged, especially in live animal imaging, raising a great need to reduce radiation dose.Methods. In this study, we strategically integrated Sparse2Noise (a deep learning approach) with PBI-HCT imaging to reduce radiation dose without compromising image quality. Sparse2Noise uses paired low-dose noisy images with different photon fluxes and projection numbers for high-quality reconstruction via a convolutional neural network (CNN). Then, we examined the imaging quality and radiation dose of PBI-HCT imaging using Sparse2Noise, as compared to when Sparse2Noise was used in low-dose PBI-CT imaging (circular scanning mode). Furthermore, we conducted a comparison study on the use of Sparse2Noise versus two other state-of-the-art low-dose imaging algorithms (i.e., Noise2Noise and Noise2Inverse) for imaging low-density materials using PBI-HCT at equivalent dose levels.Results. Sparse2Noise allowed for a 90% dose reduction in PBI-HCT imaging while maintaining high image quality. As compared to PBI-CT imaging, the use of Sparse2Noise in PBI-HCT imaging shows more effective by reducing additional radiation dose (30%-36%). Furthermore, helical scanning mode also enhances the performance of existing low-dose algorithms (Noise2Noise and Noise2Inverse); nevertheless, Sparse2Noise shows significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) value compared to Noise2Noise and Noise2Inverse at the same radiation dose level.Conclusions and significance. Our proposed low-dose imaging strategy Sparse2Noise can be effectively applied to PBI-HCT imaging technique and requires lower dose for acceptable quality imaging. This would represent a significant advance imaging for low-density materials imaging and for future live animals imaging applications.

Estimation of Radiation Dose from Uranium Mill Tailings Bricks Used as Construction Material

In this study estimation of radiation dose from the bricks which are made of uranium mill tailings (UMT) was carried out. For this purpose, RESRAD-BUILD software was used for simulation of radiological exposure of occupant in a model room made with UMT bricks of various composition. In this study, standard model room having dimensions of 5 m × 4 m × 2.8 m was considered for computation. Its floor and ceiling are built with concrete, and the walls are made by using UMT bricks. The occupant location was considered at the centre of the room at 1m height from floor. Possible pathways of exposure were external exposure and inhalation of radon and progeny. The excess dose to occupant residing in model house made by UMT bricks had been found out to be 1 mSv for composition of UMT less than 20%. Further, radon concentration inside the room attributable to UMT bricks was found to be 6.5 – 32.2 Bqm-3 for UMT composition 10%-50% which is much less than the recommended action level for radon.

Comparison of Three-Bag Method Acetylcysteine Versus Two-Bag Method Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Acetaminophen Toxicity: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Acetaminophen is generally considered safe when used according to the recommended guidelines. Consumption in excessive doses can lead to severe liver damage and, in critical cases, may even result in death. To reduce the effects of acetaminophen overdose, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been established as the preferred intervention to prevent liver damage. The purpose of this updated systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the potential benefits of a two-bag N-acetylcysteine (NAC) dosing regimen compared to the traditional three-bag protocol in the treatment of acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The research team utilized the PubMed and Cochrane databases to perform a thorough and comprehensive search of the relevant literature from the inception of these databases up until January 2024. Nine studies were included. The overall use of two-bag NAC was associated with lower anaphylactic reactions and gastrointestinal symptoms compared to the three-bag method. The rate of liver toxicity resolution was the same between the two treatment groups. The two-bag NAC regimen can be considered a safe and effective method for managing acetaminophen toxicity.

Study on the Characteristics of Crystal Formation and Transformation of Alkali-Activated Slag Minerals Induced by Weak Alkali

Strong-alkali activation is a prerequisite needed to ensure the full polymerization activity of alkali slag binder and establish excellent mechanical properties; however, it substantially increases the preparation cost. In this study, the effects of both strong and weak alkaline activators on the activation performance of alkali slag were examined, using a combination of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis methods. The reaction mechanism was analyzed under different alkaline conditions, and the preparation cost could be significantly reduced without significantly degrading mechanical properties. The results indicate that Ca(OH)2 can stimulate the reactivity of slag, resulting in a 40% decrease in compressive strength (compared to NaOH) but a 25–50% reduction in preparation cost. With increasing Ca(OH)2 dosage, the compressive strength first increases and then decreases. The best excitation effect is achieved at a dosage of 40 g Ca(OH)2 per 450 g GBFS. The formation of aluminosilicate is the main driving force for the observed increase in compressive strength. Excessive dosage of Ca(OH)2 will lead to its deposition in the specimen, thus affecting the development of compressive strength.

Modification of blend reverse osmosis membranes using ZrO2 for desalination process purposes

Desalination of water is a crucial step in the process of obtaining potable water. One of the main challenges for the researchers is its efficient application and affordable preparation. It was planned to prepare the flat sheet membranes using cellulose acetate as a base polymer, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as an additive with dosing of (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 wt%) from zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticle. SEM, TEM, and XRD analyses were used to characterize the generated ZrO2 nanoparticle in order to confirm its nano-size and crystal structure. The surface morphologies and existence of the dense layer, which is the typical property of the RO membrane capable of salt separation, were identified on the manufactured RO membranes by SEM. Membranes prepared by embedding 0.5 wt%ZrO2 with PVA/CA proved efficient as RO membranes using 2000 ppm NaCl and exhibited high salt rejection of 97% and water permeability of 12.5 LMH. Also, there is a decrease in the NaCl removal tendency was observed with the excessive dosages of ZrO2 with 0.7 wt%, which was due to the concentration polarization, which blocks the pores on the surfaces of the membranes. The antifouling behavior of the prepared membranes was tested using bovine serum albumin (BSA), the results indicate the low irreversible resistance, total fouling resistance, and high flux recovery ratio compared to the neat membrane. The prepared membranes have a stable salt rejection and water productivity even after demonstrating with chlorine (25–100 mg l−1 of NaOCl for 120 min).

Oleuropein Protects against the Development of Kidneys Induced by Paracetamol in Albino Male Rats.

Paracetamol treatment is considered one of the treatments used to relieve pain and antipyretic. Therefore, excessive doses and long-term use lead to organ toxicity. Paracetamol treatment is considered one of the treatments used to relieve pain and antipyretic. Therefore, excessive doses and long-term use lead to organ toxicity. The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effect of Oleuropein extracted from olive leaves on the physiological and histological aspects induced by Paracetamol in a rat model. The methods used 25 albino Swiss rats randomly distributed into five groups with the same number. The unit of control is given normal saline. Paracetamol (750 mg/kg) was injected into the group once. In the treatment groups (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg). The Administration of Paracetamol's result significantly increased blood urea, creatinine, sodium, and potassium levels, and their blood concentrations decreased with Oleuropein (P 0.05). In addition, Oleuropein extracted from olive leaves relieved some symptoms, including acute vascular congestion caused by a dose of Paracetamol. Compared with paracetamol treatment, there is an infiltration of inflammatory cells and severe nephrotoxicity in the tubules. According to this study, the Oleuropein extracted from olive leaves can be used to prevent kidney damage, and It is not recommended to give Paracetamol, which increases kidney disorders.

Effect Of The Utilization Of Chicken Egg Shell Waste As A Lime Mixture On Ph Parameters In Mine Acid Water

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a significant environmental impact of coal mining, particularly in open-pit mining systems. To neutralize AMD acidity, the commonly used method involves adding quicklime (CaO). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using eggshells, which contain calcium carbonate (CaCO3), as an additive to quicklime in AMD treatment. Experiments were conducted with varying doses of ground and calcined eggshells at 150°C and 300°C. The results indicate that calcining eggshells at higher temperatures enhances their effectiveness in increasing AMD pH. Without calcination, the pH increased by 1.87%, while calcination at 150°C and 300°C resulted in pH increases of 1.87% and 8.6%, respectively. However, excessive doses of eggshells may decrease pH. Therefore, using calcined eggshells as an additive to quicklime offers a more economical and environmentally friendly solution for AMD treatment.

Effect of non‐ionic frothers on bubble characteristics in flotation: a review

AbstractThe properties and synthesis of frothers have been the subject of scientific research for over a century owing to their extensive use in various industries. Given that the characteristics of bubbles are dependent on the nature of frother, such as in flotation slime, it is crucial to control the dosage of frother to achieve optimal effects. Excessive dosage leads to reagent waste whereas insufficient dosage results in resource waste, both hindering carbon emission reduction efforts. This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing literature regarding the impact of frothers on bubble behavior. The available literature demonstrates that the bubble size and velocity decrease as frother concentration increases. The underlying reasons for this phenomenon are discussed extensively. Furthermore, the relationship between bubble characteristics and hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) of frothers is examined. Finally, a correlation between bubble energy at critical coalescence concentration and HLB is established. These valuable insights for further investigation into frother properties. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

The top-down construction of cornstalk-based columns as self-adaptive bio-adsorbents for selective dye adsorption from wastewater

The top-down construction of cornstalk-based columns as self-adaptive bio-adsorbents for selective dye adsorption from wastewater