Excessive Acceleration Research Articles

Dynamic Recruitment of Inhibitory Complexes Controls Oncogenic Signaling in B-Cell Malignancies

Background and Significance: Initiation of B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, and subsequent antigen-encounter in germinal centers represent milestones of B-lymphocyte development that are both marked by sharp increases of CD25 surface-expression. Oncogenic signaling in B-cell leukemia (B-ALL) and lymphoma also induced CD25-surface expression. While CD25 is known as an IL2-receptor chain on T- and NK-cells, the significance of its expression on B-cells was unclear. High expression levels on the surface of B-ALL cells are associated with poor clinical outcomes in pediatric (COG P9906) and adult (ECOG E2993) B-ALL cohorts. In DLBCL, aggressive disease is associated with CD25-inactivation by shedding and high serum levels of soluble CD25. Results: Our experiments based on genetic mouse models and engineered patient-derived xenografts revealed that, rather than functioning as an IL2-receptor chain, CD25 expressed on B-cells assembled an inhibitory complex including PKCδ, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-bearing receptors and inhibitory phosphatases for feedback control of BCR-signaling or its oncogenic mimics. Recapitulating phenotypes of genetic ablation of PKCδ and phosphatases, conditional CD25-deletion decimated early B-cell subsets but expanded mature B-cell populations and induced autoimmunity. In B-cell malignancies arising from early stages of B-cell development (e.g. B-ALL) CD25-loss induced hyperactivation of oncogenic signaling followed by cell death. In contrast, genetic deletion of CD25 in models for mature B-cell lymphoma accelerated proliferation of malignant cells. Biochemical and interactome studies revealed a critical role of CD25 in feedback regulation of oncogenic signaling in B-cell malignancies: Signaling from BCR-ABL1 and RAS-oncogenes in B-ALL as well as oncogenic BCR-signaling in DLBCL induced PKCδ-mediated phosphorylation of CD25 on its cytoplasmic tail (S 268). Importantly, CD25-phosphorylation stabilized its expression at the cell membrane and opposed both inactivation by CD25-shedding and internalization. Moreover CD25-S 268 tail-phosphorylation enabled CD25 to recruit inhibitory receptors, including CD22, that bear ITIM-motifs for the activation of inhibitory phosphatases (e.g. SHP1, Figure 1). Thereby, the positively charged cytoplasmic tail of CD25 engages negatively charged residues in the cytoplasmic tails of the BCR signaling chain CD79B and the inhibitory CD22-ITIM. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the ternary complex between CD25, CD79B and CD22 enables recruitment and activation of the phosphatase SHP1 within reach of its substrate, the BCR signaling chain CD79B. Thereby, the SH2-domain of SHP1 engages the CD22-ITIM motif, while its phosphatase domain makes contact with the CD79B-ITAM to dephosphorylate and terminate BCR-signaling. This complex, while engaging and activating SHP1, is held together by CD25 ( Figure 1). To test functional consequences of destabilization of this complex, we generated a knockin mouse model carrying a single point mutation (S268A) in the cytoplasmic tail of CD25. The CD25 S268A knockin mutation abolished recruitment and activation of SHP1. In addition, the S268A-mutant failed to assemble CD22 and CD79B in complex with SHP1 to limit duration and strength of BCR-signaling. Loss of phosphatase-function and failure to terminate oncogenic signaling resulted in constitutive activation of ERK and NF-κB, autonomous Ca 2+-oscillations. Hyperactivation of oncogenic signaling resulted in exhaustion and cell death in B-ALL cells, as opposed to excessive proliferation and acceleration of disease in mature B-cell lymphoma. Conclusions: While CD25 has an established function in IL2 signal transduction in T- and NK-cells, these findings highlight the previously unrecognized role of CD25 in assembling inhibitory phosphatases to control oncogenic signaling in B-cell malignancies and provides an explanation for the common feature of CD25 shedding and high serum levels of functionally inactive soluble CD25 in aggressive B-cell lymphomas.

An Investigation about Stability in Waves of Large Pleasure Yachts

The IMO’s second-generation intact stability criteria (SGISc) have been applied to a set of seven megayacht units ranging from 40 m to 80 m. The application aims to evaluate their stability performance in a seaway. The assessment is based on two vulnerability levels, and the related criteria rely on the physics of the phenomena under investigation (dead ship condition, excessive acceleration, parametric rolling, pure loss of stability, and surf-riding). At the same time, SGISc provide methodological approaches to consider possible operational limitations related to the geographical area the vessel is meant to sail. Results of the comprehensive analysis carried out for the selected megayacht units are presented in term of limiting KG curves. Outcomes pointed out that inconsistencies among vulnerability levels still exist. Further comments about the relation of the investigated vessel typology and relevant operational profile have been reported. In addition, systematic analysis of the effect of the main design parameter on ship rules compliance has been carried out.

On-board monitoring and estimation of lateral accelerations through extreme value theory

Lateral accelerations experienced on-board of ships with high initial stability, especially in beam waves and at low speed, can be a source of risk for people and cargo. In the present paper, an on-board system that informs the crew on the actual situation of the vessel is described. The system monitors the lateral acceleration and estimates the extreme values that could occur in the short-term.A mid-sized stern trawler typical of the Galician fleet (Spain) has been selected to test the system. Fishing vessels are susceptible to dangerous dynamic phenomena in waves due to their hull form, loading conditions, size and operational profile. The vulnerability of the vessel has been confirmed by the application of the excessive acceleration failure mode, one of the Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria. Results have shown that the operability criterion for lateral acceleration is exceeded in many sea states.The on-board system has been tested against weakly non-linear time domain simulations and time series from experimental tests conducted at the University of A Coruña (Spain) towing tank. The estimated extreme values are close to the ones experienced, confirming the ability of the system to identify potentially dangerous situations.

Vulnerability of Ship with a Large Breadth to Draught Ratio Against Excessive Acceleration Criteria

A ship having a large breadth and small draught may have a large metacentric height. Therefore, the ship could be vulnerable to the excessive acceleration criteria. In order to investigate the vulnerability, an Indonesian ro-ro ferry with breadth to draught ratio of 5.31 was used to apply the criteria. The lateral acceleration and the long-term probability index with limited scatter wave data of International Maritim Organization were calculated for passenger or crew accommodation in full loading condition. The calculation was conducted for variation of metacentric height using the JONSWAP spectrum to modelled irregular wave. The results show that the maximum vertical distance from the roll axis to comply with the criteria level 1 was 8.7% of ship breadth. The metacentric height comply with the criteria level 1 for the passenger or crew accommodation was 1.4 metres corresponding to 8.7% of ship breadth. The maximum wave height comply with the criteria level 2 was 5 metres. These results show that the excessive acceleration criteria can be used to assess stability of a ship with large ratio between breadth and draught. The vertical distance from the roll axis has more significant effect on the lateral acceleration than the metacentric height.

Time consideration in machine learning models for train comfort prediction using LSTM networks

Safety and passengers’ comfort affect directly the reliability and availability of trains. Therefore, appropriate monitoring of the variables influencing those two concepts is mandatory for good operation and maintenance costs reduction. Moreover, operators and rail manufacturers are evolving to a condition-based maintenance strategy (CBM). For this purpose, machine learning is being used to predict early main component’s failures, avoiding a loss of reliability or availability during commercial operation. From the passengers’ point of view, punctuality and comfortability are two of the most relevant factors when evaluating a railway transport service. Comfort is mainly based on the availability of all services in the train, but it is also related to the accelerations received through the car body to the passengers. More precisely, the lateral car body acceleration (Ayc variable in this paper) is a key variable related to comfort perception and it is therefore important to be monitored and controlled. Rolling, suspension, and damping elements must be kept in perfect conditions during operation to achieve a smooth train movement. In this paper, an optimized model based on Long Short Term Memory networks (LSTM) is designed and trained to predict lateral car body accelerations using only the train accelerometers and with no additional sensoring for this specific experiment. This model will be compared with artificial neural networks (ANN) models to evaluate the relevance of time dependency for this purpose. The optimal time frame to group data is a key characteristic of the neural network training process and is also determined in this paper. The model is trained with data corresponding to the correct dynamic behavior of the train. To test the reliability of this method, a real case of excessive train movement is tested. In these situations, an alert could be sent to the operator or the maintainer for a not-programmed maintenance inspection at the depot (predictive maintenance), avoiding future passenger complaints for the loss of comfort or, in extreme cases, speed limitations due to safety reasons for excessive accelerations. The main contributions of this work are the following:- A LSTM-based neural network, predicting lateral car body accelerations achieving better results than a plain ANN for this dataset: 0.0335 m/s2 MAE and a 12% gain on extreme axles.- An optimization of the time frame to group the measurements in this algorithm that is considering as an input the time variable: 5 s.- A real use case of the model in which monitoring the deviation would have helped to take an early maintenance adjustment on the suspension or damping elements to prevent the loss of comfort.- The p-value used to reduce the uncertainty of the results obtained in the real use case is reaching over 0.95 in the coaches with good dynamic behavior and less than 0.15 in the coaches where a dynamic problem related to comfort loss is detected.

Collaborative control for in situ monitoring of molten pool in selective laser melting

In situ monitoring during the selective laser melting (SLM) process is a promising solution to mitigate defects and improve the quality of as-built parts. However, the existing monitoring platform lacks collaborative control of the process monitoring components, and as a result, it cannot realize a real-time and accurate signal acquisition at a close distance and multiple angles during the whole printing process. In this paper, driven by multiple motors, an off-axis monitoring platform is constructed that enables movement in conjunction with the scraper and laser beam. A fuzzy control-based velocity optimization is proposed to avoid the shock effect on the imaging quality of the CMOS camera and the collision of the scraper and laser. The error between the current location and target location of the molten pool is utilized as the input of the fuzzy controller. Then, the parameters of the PI controller of the stepping motor are dynamically adjusted. ADAMS and SIMULINK co-simulation are conducted to verify the feasibility of the fuzzy algorithm. Finally, the experiment of collaborative motion and the responses of each module are conducted. The results show that with the proposed collaborative platform, the response speed of the system is improved by about 49.6%, and the initial speed of the motor is decreased by about 12.6%, thus avoiding excessive acceleration of the motor. The response time of each motor is ahead of schedule by about 31.8%, which meets the requirements of motion response for SLM process monitoring.

Seismic response mitigation of prefabricated industrial equipment structural frames through a hybrid isolation system

For reducing the excessive acceleration response of the critical equipment in a type of industrial equipment structural frames under strong earthquakes, a hybrid isolation system (HIS), incorporating linear natural rubber (LNR) and lead rubber (LR) bearings, is proposed. The efficiency and reliability of the HIS are verified through a series of full-scale shaking table tests on two prefabricated industrial moment resisting frames (MRFs), with respect to a corresponding fixed-base system (FBS). The structural dynamic characteristic and seismic performance of the two types of MRFs, i.e., reinforced concrete structure (RCS) and composite concrete-filled steel tube structure (CCFSTS), are examined both with the HIS and FBS subjected to a range of seismic intensities. The test results demonstrate the superior performance of the HIS in controlling transient acceleration response under near-fault, far-field and artificial ground motions. The average peak acceleration reduction coefficients (PARCs) of the HIS range between 75.60% and 79.51% in the two considered MRFs along two horizontal directions, with a strict satisfaction on the peak acceleration response for normal operation of the critical equipment. Also, the hysteretic behavior of the HIS is stable and controllable during the earthquake excitations. The peak transient displacement of the HIS is satisfactory, and the residual deformation is negligible even under the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) excitations. Besides, components of the two MRFs are undamaged during the whole test. Thus, with the capacity of protecting the acceleration-sensitive equipment and structural components, the proposed HIS possesses a great prospect in enhancing the structural resilience.

Parameter sensitivity of the excessive acceleration failure mode in second-generation intact stability

In this study, the parameter sensitivity of the level 1 and 2 assessments of the excessive acceleration failure mode in the International Maritime Organization second-generation intact stability was analyzed. Monte-Carlo simulations were conducted using the input parameter space, which was generated using a Gaussian distribution, and a variance-based sensitivity analysis was performed using the Monte-Carlo simulation results. The longitudinal and vertical positions of the check point, natural roll period, and roll decay coefficient were selected as input parameters for the level 1 assessment, whereas the roll damping coefficient and effective wave slope coefficient replaced the roll decay coefficient for the level 2 assessment. The results revealed that the highest total sensitivity index for the level 1 assessment was the natural roll period, which was 0.8, and the effective wave slope had a total sensitivity index of 0.5 for the level 2 assessment. This indicated that the uncertainty of the natural roll period was dominantly propagated to the resultant value of the level 1 assessment, while the effective wave slope coefficient was the most sensitive parameter in the level 2 assessment. The uncertainty in the input variable was found to cause the opposite decision if the resultant value was close to the criterion value under a given loading condition.

An Improved Method for Predicting Roll Damping and Excessive Acceleration for a Ship With Moonpool Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics Method

AbstractExcessive acceleration is one of the stability failure modes involving large roll motion of ships. The overset method is applied to solve the six degrees-of-freedom motion of the ship with moonpool in beam waves. Based on a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, the improved method of considering the roll damping of square moonpool is proposed. The improved method of considering moonpool damping is used in vulnerability assessment for excessive acceleration. The comparative analysis of the level 1 and level 2 vulnerability assessment of the excessive acceleration of a ship with moonpool is completed. The influence of moonpool on the vulnerability assessment of excessive acceleration is studied by comparing the model test results. The results show that the main factor affecting the estimation accuracy of lateral acceleration of the ship is the accuracy of roll amplitude calculation. The existence of moonpool will reduce the roll damping coefficient of the ship. The improved methods proposed in this paper can effectively improve the estimation of lateral acceleration of ships with moonpool in the level 1 vulnerability criteria and increase the safety margin in the level 2 vulnerability assessment. In the direct stability assessment, the CFD method can simulate the large-amplitude roll motion of the ship with moonpool and bilge keels, and can capture the strong nonlinear phenomena.

Standard Wave Scatter Table Limitation for Evaluating SGISC Based on Hindcast Data Analysis

The operational measure (OM) of the Second-Generation Intact Stability Criteria (SGISC) is the initial step toward the design of a performance-based dynamic stability assessment of the ship by considering the vessel’s operation, loading condition and weather parameters. The SGISC recommends the standard wave scatter table (WST) for the environmental data, an indefinite requirement for a simplified assessment pathway, which provides the probability of wave occurrence. The existing standard WST was developed based on the North Atlantic Ocean. The study aims to identify the discrepancy in the probability of wave occurrence in the IMO-recommended WST when compared with developed hindcast WST for smaller regions of the North Atlantic Ocean for the application of the SGISC. This study is one of a kind and very significant, given that the assessment using the standard WST provided unrestricted operational ability to ship under the SGISC. The findings of this research provide insights into significant differences in the existing standard WST when compared graphically with hindcast data, especially across different seasons of the North Atlantic Ocean. A case study of OMs on the C11 class post-Panamax container ship for excessive acceleration is provided to better represent the study. In the case study, the operational limitation defined by the hindcast WST for individual sea areas and seasons is compared with the standard WST. This investigation shows that regional and seasonal operational limitations are required for season 4 operation beyond the standard WST safety estimation and that the operational limitation achieved with standard WST is not adequate. The findings suggest that the identified limitations significantly limit the use of a standard WST for unrestricted operational validation in the SGISC. The provided recommendation is very relevant in improving the safety assessment using vulnerability criteria, given that the hindcast data are reliable and available for the season and are also region-specific, and hence the accuracy of the ship stability can be improved while using the SGISC.

Inertial and kinematic interactions of bridge‐pile group subjected to liquefaction induced lateral spreading: Large‐scale shaking table experiments

AbstractThis paper investigates the seismic bridge‐pile‐soil system failure mechanisms due to liquefaction‐induced lateral spreading. Two large‐scale shaking table tests were performed on pile groups with and without bridges in sloped liquefiable soils overlain by soil crust. The systems were subjected to a weak earthquake signal (Tabas 0.05 g) and a strong earthquake signal (Tabas 0.3 g). Their responses were recorded in terms of excess pore pressure, acceleration, and displacement time histories. The piles seismic failure mode and mechanism are described based on the obtained results. In addition, the inertial and kinematic interaction effects on the piles’ deflection were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the bridge had no significant effect on the seismic response of the pile‐soil system under weak earthquakes. Meanwhile, the test model without a bridge experienced more significant soil lateral displacement, and the saturated sand exhibited dilatant behavior, and amplified the acceleration peak response during the strong earthquake. Moreover, the liquefaction‐induced lateral spreading moved the vulnerable position of the pile group bridge system from the pier bottom to the pile head, which changed the failure mode of the pile head. The results also revealed that, compared with weak earthquake excitation, the kinematic effect was significantly enhanced, and the inertia effect was weakened during strong earthquakes. Moreover, the pile curvature during both weak and strong earthquakes was inversely proportional to the bridge inertial load.

Seismic Characteristics of a Geotextile Tube-Reinforced Embankment and Shallow Foundations Laid on Liquefiable Soil

The ground in Saemangeum has a high water level and is mostly composed of silty soil and sand, which makes it susceptible to liquefaction and seepage effects. To investigate the seismic response of a geotextile tube-reinforced embankment and shallow foundations laid on a liquefiable soil, a simple spring type shaking table apparatus was developed. The variation in the response acceleration and shear stress-strain relationship were investigated, and the effect of soil improvement and reinforcement were explored, wherein one of the shallow foundations was laid on a coarse sand layer and reinforced by a polyester geotextile. The results showed that the main cause of damage to the embankment was seepage-induced liquefaction. Excessive surface accelerations were observed in the embankment soil due to lateral spreading, indicating the importance of analyzing the liquefaction potential of soils not only at the site area but also near embankments. Lastly, the inclusion of geotextile reinforcement and soil improvement only resulted in the slight reduction of shallow foundation settlement.

Real-time ship stability evaluation program through deterministic method based on second-generation intact stability

IMO suggests Second-Generation Intact Stability Criterion (SGISC), which consists of five failure modes, because of continuous accidents due to a lack of ship stability. In this study, Level 1 and Level 2 stability of SGISC were evaluated for three stability failure modes (Dead Ship Condition, Surf-riding, and Excessive Acceleration). Level 1 was calculated in the same way as the second-generation intact stability calculation method, and Level 2 was calculated in a deterministic manner by using a real-time maritime environment rather than a probabilistic approach for all maritime environments. Based on this, a program was developed to visualize dangerous and safe areas on a map. Using the developed program, it is expected that SGISC can be used not only in the design stage, but also in the operation stage of ships, such as route planning or selection of operating locations in the ocean.

Четвертый энергетический переход — барьеры и пути преодоления

The relevance of the study is due to the influence of the fourth energy transition on the amount of income of the Russian budget system, as well as on the amount of income of Russian gas and oil producers, whose activities directly affect the development of a number of regions of Russia. The subject of the study is the process of the fourth energy transition of the EU economies. The objectives of the work are to define the concept of "energy transition", identify the prerequisites for the fourth energy transition, consider the main barriers that have slowed down the fourth energy transition in the EU, and the formed ways to overcome these barriers. As a result of the study, a compromise definition of the energy transition between the approaches of V. Smil and Zh-B. was formulated. Espresso as an extremely time-stretched process of "creeping" replacement of energy sources. The reasons for the imbalance of the EU energy system as the main barrier to the fourth energy transition are revealed. Emphasis is placed on the role of the principles of sustainable development in the process of excessive acceleration of the fourth energy transition of the EU economies, as well as on the importance of weather factors in determining the fallacy of this decision. The role of Russia in ensuring an accelerated painless transition of European countries to green energy generation sources has been established. The two-stage EU plan for the implementation of the fourth energy transition in the context of sanctions pressure on Russia is described. Conclusions are drawn that against the background of the ongoing fourth energy transition of Russia, it is necessary to increase domestic consumption of hydrocarbons as a result of the development of the national economy, as well as to increase cooperation with the countries of the East.

A proposal for adaptive cruise control balancing followability and comfortability through reinforcement learning

AbstractAdaptive cruise control (ACC), which is an extension of conventional cruise control, has been applied in many commercial vehicles. Traditional ACC is controlled by proportional-integral-derivative control or linear quadratic regulation (LQR), which can provide sufficient performance to follow a preceding vehicle. However, they can also cause excessive acceleration and jerk. To avoid these excessive behaviors, we propose reinforcement learning (RL), which can consider various objectives to determine control inputs, as an ACC controller. To balance the performance of following a preceding vehicle and reducing jerk, RL rewards are designed using unique thresholds. Additionally, to balance performance and robustness to the zero-order delay (dead time) of the controlled system, dead time is also considered by scattering it randomly in the learning phase. As a result of this study, an RL agent trained using the proposed RL method and two LQR units specialized for followability and comfortability were simulated using Simulink® (MATLAB®).

AIS-Enabled Weather Routing for Cargo Loss Prevention

The operation of any vessel includes risks, such as mechanical failure, collision, property loss, cargo loss, or damage. For modern container ships, safe navigation is challenging as the rate of innovation regarding design, speed profiles, and carrying capacity has experienced exponential growth over the past few years. Prevention of cargo loss in container ship liners is of high importance for the Maritime industry and the waterborne sector as it can lead to potentially disastrous, harmful, or even life-threatening outcomes for the crew, the shipping company, the marine environment, and aqua-culture. With the installment of onboard decision support system(s) (DSS) that will provide the required operational guidance to the vessel’s master, we aim to prevent and overcome such events. This paper explores cargo losses in container ships by employing a novel weather routing optimization DS framework that aims to identify excessive motions and accelerations caused by bad weather at specific times and locations; it also suggests alternative routes and, thus, ultimately prevents cargo loss and damage.

Analysis and Roll Prevention Control for Distributed Drive Electric Vehicles

This work presents an approach to improve the roll stability of distributed drive electric vehicles (DDEV). The effect of the reaction torque from the in-wheel motor exerts additional roll moment, which is different from traditional vehicles. The additional roll moment can be achieved by active control of the wheel torque adjustment, which achieves a control effect similar to the active suspension. The anti-roll control strategy of decoupling control of roll motion and yaw motion are proposed. The direct yaw moment is calculated by the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) algorithm while the additional rolling moment is calculated by the sliding mode variable structure. For maneuvering rollover caused by excessive lateral acceleration, an anti-rollover control strategy is designed based on differential braking. A fuzzy control theory is used to decide the yaw moment to be compensated. The distribution method of the braking torque applied to the outer wheel alone, and the lateral load transfer rate is the main evaluation index for simulation verification of typical working conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy for DDEV is effective.

On the short-term and long-term acceleration failure probability of a container ship in irregular waves

ABSTRACT The evaluation of the acceleration response are required in ship intact stability analysis. The nondimensional response-amplitude operators of lateral acceleration in beam long-crested waves of a large container ship are compared by four calculation methods, three of which are the 5-DOF model in the time domain. The nonlinear restoring force and nonlinear diffraction force are considered. In irregular waves, the short-term and long-term acceleration failure probability of a large container ship are compared, and the influence of different frequency range integration of wave spectrum on the excessive acceleration failure probability is discussed. The results show that the lateral acceleration response obtained by the modification 2 method is the closest to the experimental value, and the short-term and long-term acceleration failure probability calculated by the modification 2 method is the largest among the prediction methods. In addition, increasing the integral range of wave spectra will increase the failure probability of acceleration.

Vibration Response Analysis of Overhead System Regarding Train-Track-Bridge Dynamic Interaction

Based on the paucity of studies on the analysis of the coupled vibration response of the train-track-overhead System, in this article, finite element software ABAQUS was integrated with multi-body dynamics software, Universal Mechanism (UM), to construct a joint simulation model of the train-track overhead system under a railway line, with the focus on the investigation of the influence of different track irregularity levels, speeds and damping coefficients on the coupled vibration response of the vehicle-track-overhead system. The findings demonstrate that the response of the train body is sensitive to track irregularity, which primarily impacts the safety index of train operation. The results also suggest that the level of track irregularity should be rigorously regulated above AAR5 during construction. The train-track-overhead system functions well and satisfies the overhead system’s design requirements when the train travels through the reinforced line at a speed of no more than 60 km/h. When the train speed is 100 km/h, the vertical acceleration exceeds the limit for the “I” overhead system. There is a possibility of excessive lateral acceleration of the train body and excessive lateral force of the wheel and rail when the train speed is greater than 60 km/h, which endangers the safety of the driver. While it has little effect on the mid-span and vertical displacements, the damping factor of the bridge has a substantial impact on the vertical acceleration and mid-span acceleration of the vertical and horizontal beams. The study’s findings provide useful guidance.

The financialization of medical laboratories in France: what are the risks for the profession and public health?

Medical laboratories in France have always adapted to technical and medical progress, as well as to the regulations imposed by the supervisory authorities. However, over the last ten years, this evolution has been so important that biologists are witnessing a revolution in their mode of practice. The supervisory authorities wanted to increase and harmonize the quality of laboratory results. But the new legislation, sometimes misused, as well as the fear and the cost of accreditation, are at the origin of the excessive acceleration of the financialization of medical biology laboratories. We will see how the hegemony of financial groups can be detrimental to the quality of service provided to patients and to the independence of the medical biologist.