Excessive Malnutrition Research Articles

Association between cardiovascular risk and maternal perception of BMI in Peruvian schoolchildren.

In the modern era, the maternal perception of children's nutritional status has emerged as a critical area of study, given its potential influence on nutritional interventions and long-term child health. The relationship between this perception and children's Body Mass Index (BMI) by age is particularly intriguing, as it may reveal discrepancies between perception and reality. The aim of this study was to evaluate Peruvian mothers' perception of their children's Body Mass Index (BMI) in relation to age and to determine how this perception associates with the children's cardiovascular risk. The study also analyzed sociodemographic factors that might influence this perception. The study included 130 mothers of schoolchildren aged 5 to 11 from a school in Lima. Mothers' perceptions of their children's weight were assessed using pictograms, and sociodemographic characteristics were collected through a questionnaire. Weight and height measurements were taken to calculate BMI, and waist circumference was measured to classify cardiovascular risk. A total of 57.4% of the schoolchildren presented with excess malnutrition, and 51.5% of the mothers incorrectly classified the actual BMI/Age of their children (kappa 0.11; p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, it was found that the schoolchild's age is associated with the mother's failure to accurately perceive her child's weight (OR 1.59). Lastly, there was a significant association between maternal perception and cardiovascular risk (p ≤ 0.05). There is a significant discrepancy between maternal perception and the actual nutritional status of children, which can increase cardiovascular risk. It is necessary to implement intervention and education strategies targeted at parents to enhance the recognition and management of childhood overweight and obesity.

Community strategies for health promotion and prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases with a focus on physical activity and nutrition: the URO/FOCOS study protocol.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 71% of all annual deaths, totaling 41 million people worldwide. The development and progression of these diseases are highly related to the environment and lifestyle choices, among which physical inactivity and excess malnutrition stand out. Currently, in Chile, there is no evidence at the regional and local level on the impact of physical activity and healthy nutrition plans and interventions on health promotion, prevention, and timely treatment of NCDs. The following protocol delineates the URO/FOCOS (Universidad Regional de O'Higgins/FOrtaleciendo COmunidades Saludables- Regional University of O'Higgins/Strengthening Healthy Communities) study, which will assess pilot community intervention strategies using a participatory action research approach by identifying barriers and facilitators on the practice of physical activity and healthy eating habits. In this project, the community from the O'Higgins region will be involved throughout the entire research process to develop strategies that promote regular physical activity and healthy eating practices. We propose three interrelated strategies: (1) Participatory Action Research, (2) Community interventions for promoting physical activity and healthy nutrition practices, and (3) health education. The URO/FOCOS study offers a unique opportunity in the O'Higgins region to develop participatory strategies and interventions based on the community's needs and motivations with regard to physical activity and healthy eating habits. We believe these strategies will help to improve the community's overall health through effective changes in their decision and preferences toward a more active lifestyle and healthier nutrition practices.

ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE PACIENTES CON COVID- 19 Y SU RELACIÓN CON MORTALIDAD, ESTANCIA EN UCI Y ALCANCE DE META CALÓRICA Y PROTEICA

Introduction: it is essential to know the nutritional status at admission and to monitor compliance with the times of reaching nutritional goals, however, discrepancies are usually observed between the requirement and the actual supply of nutrients. The objective was to describe the nutritional status at admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), to determine the time to reach caloric and protein goals of enteral nutrition and to compare them according to the presence of malnutrition due to excess. To determine if there are differences in ICU stay and mortality in relation to nutritional status. Materials and methods: descriptive, observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study. Results: the sample was made up of 40 patients. 40% (95% CI 25.28-56.60) were overweight. 97.5% (95% CI 86.4-99.93) were at risk of malnutrition. The median time to reach the caloric goal was 4 days and 7 days protein. There was no significant difference between the time of reaching the goals and malnutrition due to excess. There was also no evidence of a difference in relation to ICU stay or mortality. The main reasons for nutritional inadequacy were: digestive causes, interruptions in the supply of high-protein enteral products, and unknown causes. Conclusion: most critically ill patients with COVID-19 have excess malnutrition. There is an early reach of the caloric and late goal in reference to the protein without differences in relation to malnutrition due to excess. Key words: covid-19; overweight; energy goal; protein goal, ICU stay.

Characterization of adolescents with excess malnutrition in the Rafael María de Mendive Mixed Center, Sandino

Characterization of adolescents with excess malnutrition in the Rafael María de Mendive Mixed Center, Sandino

Helicobacter pylori infection and UBT-13C values are associated with changes in body mass index in children and adults.

The urea breath test (UBT-13C) is a non-invasive technique that allows the diagnosis and confirmation of eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. To evaluate H. pylori positivity and values of UBT-13C among infected Chilean children and adults, and to analyze its variation in relation to sex, nutritional status, and age of the patients. Retrospective study of 1141 patients aged 6 to 94 years, with an indication for a UBT-13C either for diagnosis or for confirmation of eradication of H. pylori infection. 13C enrichment was measured using an infrared spectrometer calculating the delta 13C values before and after the ingestion of 13C marked urea. The clinical data of the patients were obtained at the time of the examination. We included 241 children and 900 adults. Infected children obtained lower UBT-13C delta values than infected adults (16.1 ± 8.7 and 37 ± 52.9, respectively). The rates of infection were higher in males who were recruited for diagnosis. Significant differences were obtained between positivity for H. pylori in overweight and obese children but not adults. UBT-13C titers were significantly associated with the body mass index (BMI) only in adults. H. pylori infection rates are similar between sexes and are higher in children probably because of selection bias. In children, H. pylori positivity is associated with higher BMI and excess malnutrition although with similar UBT-13C values. In adults, H. pylori infection is not related with BMI, but a higher BMI impacts UBT-13C titers.

Physiologic and pharmacologic considerations in morbid obesity and bariatric anesthesia.

ABSTRACTObesity is a growing worldwide health hazard that is characterized by excess malnutrition. Excess food intake leads to dysregulated energy homeostasis and increased adiposity, activating pro-inflammatory physiologic pathways that can contribute to the chronic inflammatory state associated with many chronic illnesses. Obesity is a preventable illness, but its multifaceted etiology, including genetic, behavioral, and environmental variables, is critical to understanding its epidemiology and pathophysiology. Obesity is a critical predisposing factor for illnesses including type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, with higher morbidity and death. Obesity rates are rising, and so will the need for perioperative anesthesia for subjects with obesity. Obesity epidemiology, biochemistry, and pathophysiology are significant concepts in perioperative anesthesia management for subjects with obesity. To provide optimal intraoperative care for subjects with obesity, preoperative cardiovascular assessment for coronary artery disease and drug monitoring is required. Individuals suffering from obesity have significantly higher oxygen consumption rates and a higher risk of desaturation and surgical complications. Individuals suffering from obesity require specialized perioperative treatment related to higher prevalence of perioperative complications.

Diagnostic capacity of neck circumference to evaluate obesity in a young adult population. Data analysis from the second national health survey in Chile, 2009-2010

Introduction: Chile is among the countries with the highest rate of excess malnutrition, for that reason it is important to have effective tools to evaluate the nutritional status; interest in neck circumference (NC) measurement as a potential prognostic tool that is easy to access and low-cost has increased. Objective: to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of neck circumference to predict obesity in the population aged 15-16 years, using data from the third National Health Survey 2009-2010. Materials and methods: Concurrent Criteria of Diagnostic Validation were used for the study. The sample consisted of 536 people of ages from 15 to 26 years, where BMI data where taken in order to classify obesity versus normality (gold standard), as was NC (measured in centimeters). People with hyperthyroidism were excluded. Indicators of diagnostic accuracy were obtained; the SPSS, version 25 was used for calculations. Results: according to age and gender ranks, the NC cut-off points to classify general obesity showed sensitivities and specificities above 0.85, with an area under the curve over 0.90, all with p < 0.001. Conclusion: there is evidence that supports that NC cutoff points are a suitable tool for diagnosing obesity in this age group.

Pausas activas durante las aulas virtuales en escolares en tiempos de la pandemia de COVID-19: Una estrategia para aumentar los niveles de actividad física

As a result of the closure of schools to control COVID-19 transmission, the lifestyle of schoolchildren changed, with an increase in excess malnutrition, sedentary behavior, decreased outdoor time and increased screen time. The modification in the execution of classes in their new modalities (on-site or virtual) does not modify the deleterious effects of the sedentary behavior of schoolchildren. Short cumulative active breaks can be an efficient strategy to meet the minimum physical activity recommendations suggested by the WHO for children and adolescents aged 5-17 years.

Global food quality in the migrant population residing in Chile

Introduction: the migration process involves change, modification, or acquisition of new eating patterns and ways of eating, which do not always positively impact the health of migrants, being frequently associated with a higher risk of metabolic diseases and excess malnutrition when the quality of food is not adequate. Objective: to analyze the global food quality index (GQI) in the Colombian migrant population in Chile, comparing it with the Chilean population and non-migrant Colombians. Methods: the total sample consisted of 834 individuals over 18 years of age - 206 Colombian migrants residing in Chile, 266 Colombians residing in Colombia, and 362 Chileans. A global food quality index survey was applied to categorize the healthiness of the participants' dietary patterns. Results: there were significant differences in all the ICGA scores analyzed regarding healthy foods, unhealthy foods, and mealtimes. It was observed that Colombians residing in Colombia have the highest score in the healthy classification, while Colombian migrants have the highest figures in the unhealthy condition. Regarding meal times, Chileans are the least compliant with meal times. However, other influences related to food groups stand out. Conclusion: it is necessary to delve deeper into variables linked to the sociodemographic context, analyze potential changes over time, and replicate in migrants of other nationalities to have more information on the relationship between food quality and the migration process.

Questionnaire for measuring risk eating behaviors for excess malnutrition in adolescents

Introduction: there are behavioral factors that predispose to the development of excess malnutrition, and which can be key to the promotion of healthy habits. The purpose of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire to identify risky eating behaviors in adolescents. Objective: to evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to measure risky eating behaviors related to excess malnutrition in adolescents in the province of Concepción, Chile. Materials and methods: quantitative psychometric research with correlational scope; non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The population was composed by adolescents aged 10 to 15 years in the province of Concepción, from different socio-economic levels. A total of 303 students, chosen by non-probabilistic sampling, responded to the Questionnaire on Alimentary Malnutrition Risk Behaviors, CARME. A subsample of 115 students also answered a body image questionnaire, and 80 were assessed anthropometrically. Exploratory factor analyses and correlation evaluations were performed. Results: four factors were identified for the CARME: response to food, feeding without control, consumption of highly caloric foods, and emotional feeding, with reliability between α = 0.64 and α = 0.87. Scores showed differences by sex, and relationships with perceived body image (p < 0.05), but not with nutritional status. Conclusions: the evidence supports the construct validity, reliability and criteria validity of CARME. The questionnaire would be appropriate to measure dietary risk behaviors for overweight and obesity in adolescents. However, no associations were found between nutritional status and questionnaire dimensions.

Asociación entre el consumo de desayuno, estado nutricional y riesgo cardiovascular en escolares chilenos de 6 a 9 años edad

Introducción: En Chile la obesidad infantil es un problema de salud pública, siendo los malos hábitos de alimentación y la disminución de la actividad física las principales causas. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la asociación entre el estado nutricional, riesgo cardiovascular y el consumo de desayuno en escolares de Santiago de Chile. Material y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 434 escolares de ambos sexos de un establecimiento educacional de Santiago de Chile. El estado nutricional se determinó con la evaluación de peso, estatura y circunferencia cintura. Para describir el consumo de desayuno se aplicó una encuesta elaborada para este estudio. Resultados: El 30,2% de los escolares presenta obesidad y el 26,7% tiene sobrepeso según IMC. El 25,3% se clasifica con riesgo de obesidad abdominal y el 31,2% presenta obesidad abdominal según circunferencia cintura. El 18,9% de los evaluados no consume desayuno todos los días. En comparación con los sujetos que consumen siempre desayuno, el riesgo de obesidad fue mayor en aquellos escolares que nunca consumían desayuno (Odds ratio (OR): 1,9 [(IC) del 95%: 0,91-2,97] p = 0,11), al igual que el riesgo de obesidad abdominal (Odds ratio (OR): 1,66 [(IC) del 95%: 0,91-2,97] p = 0,32).Conclusiones: Existe una elevada prevalencia de malnutrición por exceso acompañado de un porcentaje importante de escolares que no toma desayuno diariamente. Los escolares que no consumen desayuno todos los días tienen un mayor riesgo de obesidad.

Adherencia al manejo nutricional de adolescentes con malnutrición por exceso: percepción familiar de aciertos y desaciertos

Sr. Editor, la etapa de adolescencia facilita la autonomía e independencia del comportamiento alimentario, con un incremento en la selección e ingesta de alimentos de alta densidad energética(1), lo que favorece la presencia de malnutrición por exceso(2), además de aumentar el riesgo de diversas complicaciones cardiometabólicas(3,4).

Association of Diabetes Mellitus and Nutritional Status in Children 7 to 11 Years with High Birth weight

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a chronic disease characterized by absolute or relative failure of a hormone produced by the pancreas, called insulin and is characterized by an alteration in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates[1-3].Objective: Identify whether the high birth weight in children aged 7 to 11 years is a predictor for the association of overweight and obesity with diabetes mellitus.Method: A descriptive study was conducted with a design case - control with children born between January 1992 and December 1995.Results: Encontramos in the study group that overweight 2.85% is pre diabetic and 1, 44% diabetic, in obese 1.42% is pre-diabetic and diabetic 3.56%, where there Fisher’s P = 0.0002 association between nutritional status (overweight, obesity) pre diabetes and diabetes; in the control group, in overweight we found that 3.00% diabetic and diabetic pre 0.00% in obese diabetic pre 1.00% and 2.00% with a diabetic Fisher’s P = 0, 0343, existing association between nutritional status and pre-diabetes and diabetes in this group association between nutritional status and diabetes was also found, so there is no difference in the two groups, but we must note that in the study group his association was stronger. In our study is not high birth weight per, association for diabetes.Conclusion: The high birth weight (macrosomia) does not constitute per se a predictor for the association of malnutrition by excess and diabetes, association for excess malnutrition and diabetes in both groups.

LEVELS OF OBESITY, METABOLIC PROFILE, CONSUMPTION OF TABACO AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN SEDENTARY YOUTHS

in Chile, the National Health Survey (ENS) conducted in 2009-2010 reported high prevalence of overweight, sedentary lifestyle, high cholesterol and metabolic syndrome in the population. to determine the prevalence in young sedentary obesity and consumption of tabaco and analyze their association with the metabolic profile, body fat percentage and blood pressure. 125 young sedentary, 26 men and 99 women, aged between 17 and 29 years old were evaluated. Body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (% fat), waist contour (CC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides: measurements were performed, glycemia and consumption of snuff. HDL-C (p = 0.000) and% MG (p = 0.043) were higher in women. 37.6% of young people turned smoker. 35, 2% of the sample showed excessive malnutrition. Obese subjects had higher levels: waist contour (p = 0.000) and% FM (p = 0.000). When analyzing obesity DC, this showed significant differences in BMI,% fat, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. BMI presented positive association with CC,% fat, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). The CC presented association with MG%, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure and diastolic (p < 0.05). The MG% did not present association with other variables a high prevalence of malnutrition by excess consumption of tabaco in the study sample, while other variables are not high-risk categories, it is an opportune time to intervene and reverse these negative health trends now.

Effects of nutritional supplements in healing of laparotomic dehiscences in obese patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized prospective controlled study

Background Chronic venous insufficiency, infection, diabetes mellitus, excess malnutrition, exposure to pressure and shear, all conditions included in obesity, prolong the healing process. Moreover, a growing body of evidence clearly indicates that dietary supplementation or intravenous administration of Arg is beneficial in facilitating wound healing, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and maintaining tissue integrity. Arginine produces physiologic effects via nitric oxide dependent and independent pathways. Nitric oxide is important for the modulation of vascular tone, inflammation, immune function, endothelial function, platelet and leukocyte adherence, and neurotransmission. Nitric oxide modulates many biochemical processes important for the response to sepsis. Arginine, independent of nitric oxide, is important for growth, wound healing, cardiovascular function, immune function, inflammatory responses, energy metabolism, urea cycle function, and other metabolic processes. Arginine supplementation improves outcomes in animals with sepsis, wounds, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and following thermal injury. Enteral administration of arginine improves endothelial function but has little effect upon hemodynamics during human sepsis. An analysis of clinical studies using enteral formulas with supplemental arginine suggests benefits upon outcome, with no evidence of significant detrimental effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing effects of a normocaloric diet enriched in arginine, eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and vitamins (vitamins A, C and E) on laparotomies wound dehiscence.